It has been more than 30 years since the first Chinese Antarctic Expedition took place. Polar upper atmospheric observations started at this time. First began at Great Wall Station and then at Zhongshan Station in Ant...It has been more than 30 years since the first Chinese Antarctic Expedition took place. Polar upper atmospheric observations started at this time. First began at Great Wall Station and then at Zhongshan Station in Antarctica, and later in the Arctic at Yellow River Station, Kjell Henriksen Observatory on Svalbard, and at the China-Iceland Joint Aurora Observatory in Iceland. In this paper, we reviewed the advances in polar upper atmosphere physics （UAP） based on the Chinese national Arctic and Antarctic research over the last five years. These included newly deployed observatories and research instruments in the Arctic and Antarctic; and new research findings, from grotmd-based observations, about polar ionosphere dynamics, aurora and particle precipitation, polar plasma convection, geomagnetic pulsations and space plasma waves, space weather in the polar regions, simulations of the polar ionosphere-magnetosphere. In conclusion, suggestions were made for future polar upper atmosphere physics research in China.展开更多
Maritime transportation has become an important part of the international trade system.To promote its sustainable de-velopment,it is necessary to reduce the fuel consumption of ships,decrease navigation risks,and shor...Maritime transportation has become an important part of the international trade system.To promote its sustainable de-velopment,it is necessary to reduce the fuel consumption of ships,decrease navigation risks,and shorten the navigation time.Ac-cordingly,planning a multi-objective route for ships is an effective way to achieve these goals.In this paper,we propose a multi-ob-jective optimal ship weather routing system framework.Based on this framework,a ship route model,ship fuel consumption model,and navigation risk model are established,and a non-dominated sorting and multi-objective ship weather routing algorithm based on particle swarm optimization is proposed.To fasten the convergence of the algorithm and improve the diversity of route solutions,a mutation operation and an elite selection operation are introduced in the algorithm.Based on the Pareto optimal front and Pareto optimal solution set obtained by the algorithm,a recommended route selection criterion is designed.Finally,two sets of simulated navigation simulation experiments on a container ship are conducted.The experimental results show that the proposed multi-objective optimal weather routing system can be used to plan a ship route with low navigation risk,short navigation time,and low fuel consumption,fulfilling the safety,efficiency,and economic goals.展开更多
Idealized supercell storms are simulated with two aerosol-aware bulk microphysics schemes(BMSs),the Thompson and the Chen-Liu-Reisner(CLR),using the Weather Research and Forecast(WRF)model.The objective of this study ...Idealized supercell storms are simulated with two aerosol-aware bulk microphysics schemes(BMSs),the Thompson and the Chen-Liu-Reisner(CLR),using the Weather Research and Forecast(WRF)model.The objective of this study is to investigate the parameterizations of aerosol effects on cloud and precipitation characteristics and assess the necessity of introducing aerosols into a weather prediction model at fine grid resolution.The results show that aerosols play a decisive role in the composition of clouds in terms of the mixing ratios and number concentrations of liquid and ice hydrometeors in an intense supercell storm.The storm consists of a large amount of cloud water and snow in the polluted environment,but a large amount of rainwater and graupel instead in the clean environment.The total precipitation and rain intensity are suppressed in the CLR scheme more than in the Thompson scheme in the first three hours of storm simulations.The critical processes explaining the differences are the auto-conversion rate in the warm-rain process at the beginning of storm intensification and the low-level cooling induced by large ice hydrometeors.The cloud condensation nuclei(CCN)activation and auto-conversion processes of the two schemes exhibit considerable differences,indicating the inherent uncertainty of the parameterized aerosol effects among different BMSs.Beyond the aerosol effects,the fall speed characteristics of graupel in the two schemes play an important role in the storm dynamics and precipitation via low-level cooling.The rapid intensification of storms simulated with the Thompson scheme is attributed to the production of hail-like graupel.展开更多
为解决无人机在复杂气象条件下易受结冰影响而威胁其飞行安全的问题,提出了一种考虑结冰风险的无人机航迹规划方法。首先,构建基于中尺度WRF(Weather Research and Forecasting)模式的结冰气象预测模型,通过最佳参数化方案组合的结冰气...为解决无人机在复杂气象条件下易受结冰影响而威胁其飞行安全的问题,提出了一种考虑结冰风险的无人机航迹规划方法。首先,构建基于中尺度WRF(Weather Research and Forecasting)模式的结冰气象预测模型,通过最佳参数化方案组合的结冰气象模拟获得模拟时段内海南乐东地区的温度、压力、液态水含量(LWC)空间分布及时序变化。其次,构建基于代理模型的水滴收集质量快速预测方法。在获取美国联邦航空条例(FAR)25部附录C中连续最大结冰条件下40个采样点处水滴收集质量分布的基础上,利用本征正交分解(POD)降阶模型和Kriging插值算法,建立温度、压力、LWC、平均有效水滴直径(MVD)等结冰气象参数与水滴收集质量之间的代理模型,可快速预测出目标区域内水滴收集质量的空间分布与时序变化。最后,根据飞机结冰强度划分等级,以不同结冰强度下水滴收集质量阈值为结冰安全约束,利用基于粒子群优化(PSO)的结冰容限航迹规划方法进行考虑结冰风险的无人机飞行策略研究。研究结果表明:利用WRF模式可获得温度、压力、LWC等结冰气象参数,预测值与观测值匹配良好;基于POD降阶模型和Kriging插值算法,构建的气象参数与水滴收集质量间代理模型可快速准确地获取目标区域内水滴收集质量的空间分布与时序变化;基于PSO的结冰容限航迹规划方法可在不同结冰安全约束条件下,规划出无人机最优航迹。展开更多
基金supported by the Chinese Polar Environment Comprehensive Investigation and Assessment Programs (Grant nos. CHINARE 2017-04-01, and 2017-02-04)National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant nos. 41274164, 41374159, 41431072, and 41274148)+1 种基金Pudong Development of Science and Technology Program (Grant no. Pkj2013-z01)Top-Notch Young Talents Program of China
文摘It has been more than 30 years since the first Chinese Antarctic Expedition took place. Polar upper atmospheric observations started at this time. First began at Great Wall Station and then at Zhongshan Station in Antarctica, and later in the Arctic at Yellow River Station, Kjell Henriksen Observatory on Svalbard, and at the China-Iceland Joint Aurora Observatory in Iceland. In this paper, we reviewed the advances in polar upper atmosphere physics （UAP） based on the Chinese national Arctic and Antarctic research over the last five years. These included newly deployed observatories and research instruments in the Arctic and Antarctic; and new research findings, from grotmd-based observations, about polar ionosphere dynamics, aurora and particle precipitation, polar plasma convection, geomagnetic pulsations and space plasma waves, space weather in the polar regions, simulations of the polar ionosphere-magnetosphere. In conclusion, suggestions were made for future polar upper atmosphere physics research in China.
基金the Russian Foundation for Basic Research(RFBR)(No.20-07-00531).
文摘Maritime transportation has become an important part of the international trade system.To promote its sustainable de-velopment,it is necessary to reduce the fuel consumption of ships,decrease navigation risks,and shorten the navigation time.Ac-cordingly,planning a multi-objective route for ships is an effective way to achieve these goals.In this paper,we propose a multi-ob-jective optimal ship weather routing system framework.Based on this framework,a ship route model,ship fuel consumption model,and navigation risk model are established,and a non-dominated sorting and multi-objective ship weather routing algorithm based on particle swarm optimization is proposed.To fasten the convergence of the algorithm and improve the diversity of route solutions,a mutation operation and an elite selection operation are introduced in the algorithm.Based on the Pareto optimal front and Pareto optimal solution set obtained by the algorithm,a recommended route selection criterion is designed.Finally,two sets of simulated navigation simulation experiments on a container ship are conducted.The experimental results show that the proposed multi-objective optimal weather routing system can be used to plan a ship route with low navigation risk,short navigation time,and low fuel consumption,fulfilling the safety,efficiency,and economic goals.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant Nos.2016YFE0109700 and 2017YFC150190X)Research Program from Science and Technology Committee of Shanghai(Grant No.19dz1200101)National Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.41575101 and 41975133)。
文摘Idealized supercell storms are simulated with two aerosol-aware bulk microphysics schemes(BMSs),the Thompson and the Chen-Liu-Reisner(CLR),using the Weather Research and Forecast(WRF)model.The objective of this study is to investigate the parameterizations of aerosol effects on cloud and precipitation characteristics and assess the necessity of introducing aerosols into a weather prediction model at fine grid resolution.The results show that aerosols play a decisive role in the composition of clouds in terms of the mixing ratios and number concentrations of liquid and ice hydrometeors in an intense supercell storm.The storm consists of a large amount of cloud water and snow in the polluted environment,but a large amount of rainwater and graupel instead in the clean environment.The total precipitation and rain intensity are suppressed in the CLR scheme more than in the Thompson scheme in the first three hours of storm simulations.The critical processes explaining the differences are the auto-conversion rate in the warm-rain process at the beginning of storm intensification and the low-level cooling induced by large ice hydrometeors.The cloud condensation nuclei(CCN)activation and auto-conversion processes of the two schemes exhibit considerable differences,indicating the inherent uncertainty of the parameterized aerosol effects among different BMSs.Beyond the aerosol effects,the fall speed characteristics of graupel in the two schemes play an important role in the storm dynamics and precipitation via low-level cooling.The rapid intensification of storms simulated with the Thompson scheme is attributed to the production of hail-like graupel.
文摘为解决无人机在复杂气象条件下易受结冰影响而威胁其飞行安全的问题,提出了一种考虑结冰风险的无人机航迹规划方法。首先,构建基于中尺度WRF(Weather Research and Forecasting)模式的结冰气象预测模型,通过最佳参数化方案组合的结冰气象模拟获得模拟时段内海南乐东地区的温度、压力、液态水含量(LWC)空间分布及时序变化。其次,构建基于代理模型的水滴收集质量快速预测方法。在获取美国联邦航空条例(FAR)25部附录C中连续最大结冰条件下40个采样点处水滴收集质量分布的基础上,利用本征正交分解(POD)降阶模型和Kriging插值算法,建立温度、压力、LWC、平均有效水滴直径(MVD)等结冰气象参数与水滴收集质量之间的代理模型,可快速预测出目标区域内水滴收集质量的空间分布与时序变化。最后,根据飞机结冰强度划分等级,以不同结冰强度下水滴收集质量阈值为结冰安全约束,利用基于粒子群优化(PSO)的结冰容限航迹规划方法进行考虑结冰风险的无人机飞行策略研究。研究结果表明:利用WRF模式可获得温度、压力、LWC等结冰气象参数,预测值与观测值匹配良好;基于POD降阶模型和Kriging插值算法,构建的气象参数与水滴收集质量间代理模型可快速准确地获取目标区域内水滴收集质量的空间分布与时序变化;基于PSO的结冰容限航迹规划方法可在不同结冰安全约束条件下,规划出无人机最优航迹。
