We investigate the local quantum uncertainty(LQU)in weak measurement.An expression of weak LQU is explicitly determined.Also,we consider some cases of three special X states,Werner state,circulant two-qubit states,and...We investigate the local quantum uncertainty(LQU)in weak measurement.An expression of weak LQU is explicitly determined.Also,we consider some cases of three special X states,Werner state,circulant two-qubit states,and Heisenberg model via LQU in normal and weak measurements.We find that the LQU in weak measurement is weaker than the case of strong measurement.展开更多
A classical unified field theory relating to electricity and mass is proposed. It indicates that uncertainty relations are the intrinsic attributes of space-time, and the law of the uncertainty quantities’ change can...A classical unified field theory relating to electricity and mass is proposed. It indicates that uncertainty relations are the intrinsic attributes of space-time, and the law of the uncertainty quantities’ change can be described by the potential functions of the space-time. The electromagnetic field is a stimulated state of the space-time, associated with electricity;its behaviors exhibit the properties of the positive potentials and . The gravitowagnetic field is another stimulated state of the space-time related to mass;its properties are governed by the negative potentials - and -. The gauge invariance and the symmetries of the set of ?and ?and the set of - ?and - ?determine mostly the interaction forms for the fields, and there are some corresponding physical properties between the two kinds of fields, including the weak interactions due to the spontaneous symmetry breaking of the potential functions. The discovery of the wagnetic field reminds us that there may be additional interactions beyond the conventional forms. Our theory provides an available foundation for the grand unified theory.展开更多
According to the orthodox interpretation of quantum physics, wave-particle duality(WPD) is the intrinsic property of all massive microscopic particles. All gedanken or realistic experiments based on atom interferomete...According to the orthodox interpretation of quantum physics, wave-particle duality(WPD) is the intrinsic property of all massive microscopic particles. All gedanken or realistic experiments based on atom interferometers(AI) have so far upheld the principle of WPD, either by the mechanism of the Heisenberg’s position-momentum uncertainty relation or by quantum entanglement. In this paper, we propose and make a systematic quantum mechanical analysis of several schemes of weak-measurement atom interferometer(WM-AI) and compare them with the historical schemes of strongmeasurement atom interferometer(SM-AI), such as Einstein’s recoiling slit and Feynman’s light microscope. As the critical part of these WM-AI setups, a weak-measurement path detector(WM-PD) deliberately interacting with the atomic internal electronic quantum states is designed and used to probe the which-path information of the atom, while only inducing negligible perturbation of the atomic center-of-mass motion. Another instrument that is used to directly interact with the atomic center-of-mass while being insensitive to the internal electronic quantum states is used to monitor the atomic centerof-mass interference pattern. Two typical schemes of WM-PD are considered. The first is the micromaser-cavity path detector, which allows us to probe the spontaneously emitted microwave photon from the incoming Rydberg atom in its excited electronic state and record unanimously the which-path information of the atom. The second is the optical-lattice Bragg-grating path detector, which can split the incoming atom beam into two different directions as determined by the internal electronic state and thus encode the which-path information of the atom into the internal states of the atom. We have used standard quantum mechanics to analyze the evolution of the atomic center-of-mass and internal electronic state wave function by directly solving Schr¨odinger’s equation for the composite atom-electron-photon system in these WM-AIs. We have also compared our an展开更多
文摘We investigate the local quantum uncertainty(LQU)in weak measurement.An expression of weak LQU is explicitly determined.Also,we consider some cases of three special X states,Werner state,circulant two-qubit states,and Heisenberg model via LQU in normal and weak measurements.We find that the LQU in weak measurement is weaker than the case of strong measurement.
文摘A classical unified field theory relating to electricity and mass is proposed. It indicates that uncertainty relations are the intrinsic attributes of space-time, and the law of the uncertainty quantities’ change can be described by the potential functions of the space-time. The electromagnetic field is a stimulated state of the space-time, associated with electricity;its behaviors exhibit the properties of the positive potentials and . The gravitowagnetic field is another stimulated state of the space-time related to mass;its properties are governed by the negative potentials - and -. The gauge invariance and the symmetries of the set of ?and ?and the set of - ?and - ?determine mostly the interaction forms for the fields, and there are some corresponding physical properties between the two kinds of fields, including the weak interactions due to the spontaneous symmetry breaking of the potential functions. The discovery of the wagnetic field reminds us that there may be additional interactions beyond the conventional forms. Our theory provides an available foundation for the grand unified theory.
基金Project supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant No.2018YFA 0306200)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.11434017)the Guangdong Innovative and Entrepreneurial Research Team Program,China(Grant No.2016ZT06C594)
文摘According to the orthodox interpretation of quantum physics, wave-particle duality(WPD) is the intrinsic property of all massive microscopic particles. All gedanken or realistic experiments based on atom interferometers(AI) have so far upheld the principle of WPD, either by the mechanism of the Heisenberg’s position-momentum uncertainty relation or by quantum entanglement. In this paper, we propose and make a systematic quantum mechanical analysis of several schemes of weak-measurement atom interferometer(WM-AI) and compare them with the historical schemes of strongmeasurement atom interferometer(SM-AI), such as Einstein’s recoiling slit and Feynman’s light microscope. As the critical part of these WM-AI setups, a weak-measurement path detector(WM-PD) deliberately interacting with the atomic internal electronic quantum states is designed and used to probe the which-path information of the atom, while only inducing negligible perturbation of the atomic center-of-mass motion. Another instrument that is used to directly interact with the atomic center-of-mass while being insensitive to the internal electronic quantum states is used to monitor the atomic centerof-mass interference pattern. Two typical schemes of WM-PD are considered. The first is the micromaser-cavity path detector, which allows us to probe the spontaneously emitted microwave photon from the incoming Rydberg atom in its excited electronic state and record unanimously the which-path information of the atom. The second is the optical-lattice Bragg-grating path detector, which can split the incoming atom beam into two different directions as determined by the internal electronic state and thus encode the which-path information of the atom into the internal states of the atom. We have used standard quantum mechanics to analyze the evolution of the atomic center-of-mass and internal electronic state wave function by directly solving Schr¨odinger’s equation for the composite atom-electron-photon system in these WM-AIs. We have also compared our an
