The process to achieve time synchronization and ranging for a network of mobile nodes is raising a concern among researchers, and hence a variety of joint time synchronization and ranging algorithms have been proposed...The process to achieve time synchronization and ranging for a network of mobile nodes is raising a concern among researchers, and hence a variety of joint time synchronization and ranging algorithms have been proposed in recent years. However, few of them handle the case of all-node motion under unknown positions and velocities. This study addresses the problem of determining ranging and time synchronization for a group of nodes moving within a local area. First, we examined several models of clock discrepancy and synchronous two-way ranging. Based upon these models, we present a solution for time synchronization with known positions and velocities. Next, we propose a functional model that jointly estimates the clock skew, clock offset, and time of flight in the absence of a priori knowledge for a pair of mobile nodes. Then, we extend this model to a network-wide time synchronization scheme by way of a global least square estimator. We also discuss the advantages and disadvantages of our model compared to the existing algorithms, and we provide some applicable scenarios as well. Finally, we show that the simulation results verify the validity of our analysis.展开更多
首先,设计了节点自适应传感半径调整算法(AASR,adaptive adjustment of sensing radius),通过节点自适应选择最佳的覆盖范围,有效地进行节点覆盖控制,减少节点能量虚耗,提高覆盖效率。其次,从调整效果、能量消耗和覆盖冗余度3个方面对...首先,设计了节点自适应传感半径调整算法(AASR,adaptive adjustment of sensing radius),通过节点自适应选择最佳的覆盖范围,有效地进行节点覆盖控制,减少节点能量虚耗,提高覆盖效率。其次,从调整效果、能量消耗和覆盖冗余度3个方面对节点自适应传感半径调整算法进行了模拟实验和分析。仿真结果表明,AASR能够有效提高节点生存时间,减少能量消耗,提高覆盖率。展开更多
Pure lines derived from multiple parents provide abundant variation for genetic study.However,efficient genetic analysis methods and user-friendly software are still lacking.In this study, we developed linkage analysi...Pure lines derived from multiple parents provide abundant variation for genetic study.However,efficient genetic analysis methods and user-friendly software are still lacking.In this study, we developed linkage analysis methods and integrated analysis software for pure-line populations derived from four-way and eight-way crosses.First, polymorphic markers are classified into different categories according to the number of identifiable alleles in the inbred parents.Expected genotypic probability is then derived for each pair of complete markers, and based on them a maximum likelihood estimate(MLE) of recombination frequency is calculated.An EM algorithm is proposed for calculating recombination frequencies in scenarios that at least one marker is incomplete.A linkage map can thus be constructed using estimated recombination frequencies.We describe a software package called GAPL for recombination frequency estimation and linkage map construction in multi-parental pure-line populations.Both simulation studies and results from a reported four-way cross recombinant inbred line population demonstrate that the proposed method and software can build more accurate linkage maps in shorter times than other published software packages.The GAPL software is freely available from www.isbreeding.net and can also be used for QTL mapping in multi-parental populations.展开更多
In this paper we present a set of absorbing boundary conditions based on the higher order approximations of one-way wave equations. By introducing new functions, these absorbing boundary conditions are put into the fo...In this paper we present a set of absorbing boundary conditions based on the higher order approximations of one-way wave equations. By introducing new functions, these absorbing boundary conditions are put into the form of systems of lower order partial differential equations. The stability of initial boundary value problems with these type of boundary conditions is discussed. The energy estimates for their solutions are obtained.展开更多
四向杂交(four-way cross)设计是指4个纯系亲本参与杂交衍生分离群体的一种交配设计。尽管国际上已经提出基于四向杂交设计的迭代重新加权最小平方(iteratively reweighed least squares,IRWLS)QTL作图方法,但该方法忽略了双侧标记基因...四向杂交(four-way cross)设计是指4个纯系亲本参与杂交衍生分离群体的一种交配设计。尽管国际上已经提出基于四向杂交设计的迭代重新加权最小平方(iteratively reweighed least squares,IRWLS)QTL作图方法,但该方法忽略了双侧标记基因型内QTL基因型的混合分布特性,当QTL位置和标记的位置不重合时作图精度较低。本文根据四向杂交设计的数量遗传模型,发展出基于四向杂交设计和混合分布理论的QTL作图的极大似然估计方法。首先利用染色体上所有标记基因型联合计算该染色体上任一假定位置QTL的条件概率,然后根据混合分布理论建立基于EM算法实现的QTL作图的极大似然估计方法。以计算机模拟数据研究了QTL遗传力、样本容量和分子标记信息含量3个因素对方法的影响,结果表明:(1)在QTL的被发现能力上,标记信息不完全的四向杂交设计仅略低于信息完全时的四向杂交设计;(2)随着QTL遗传力、样本容量和标记信息含量的增大,QTL位置以及效应估计值的准确度和精确度逐步提高。展开更多
Consider the one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) model Yij=μ+αi+∈ij,i=1,…,a; j = 1,…,b, ∈ij～N(0, σ2). By using the kernel estimation of multivariate density function and its partial derivatives and making use...Consider the one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) model Yij=μ+αi+∈ij,i=1,…,a; j = 1,…,b, ∈ij～N(0, σ2). By using the kernel estimation of multivariate density function and its partial derivatives and making use of the estimators of nuisance parameters μ and σ2, we construct the empirical Bayes (EB) estimators of parameter vector α = (α1,…，αa)T. Under the existence condition of the second order moment on prior distribution, we obtain their asymptotic optimality.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.61471021)
文摘The process to achieve time synchronization and ranging for a network of mobile nodes is raising a concern among researchers, and hence a variety of joint time synchronization and ranging algorithms have been proposed in recent years. However, few of them handle the case of all-node motion under unknown positions and velocities. This study addresses the problem of determining ranging and time synchronization for a group of nodes moving within a local area. First, we examined several models of clock discrepancy and synchronous two-way ranging. Based upon these models, we present a solution for time synchronization with known positions and velocities. Next, we propose a functional model that jointly estimates the clock skew, clock offset, and time of flight in the absence of a priori knowledge for a pair of mobile nodes. Then, we extend this model to a network-wide time synchronization scheme by way of a global least square estimator. We also discuss the advantages and disadvantages of our model compared to the existing algorithms, and we provide some applicable scenarios as well. Finally, we show that the simulation results verify the validity of our analysis.
文摘首先,设计了节点自适应传感半径调整算法(AASR,adaptive adjustment of sensing radius),通过节点自适应选择最佳的覆盖范围,有效地进行节点覆盖控制,减少节点能量虚耗,提高覆盖效率。其次,从调整效果、能量消耗和覆盖冗余度3个方面对节点自适应传感半径调整算法进行了模拟实验和分析。仿真结果表明,AASR能够有效提高节点生存时间,减少能量消耗,提高覆盖率。
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China (2016YFD0101804)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31671280)HarvestPlus (part of the CGIAR Research Program on Agriculture for Nutrition and Health, http://www.harvestplus.org/)
文摘Pure lines derived from multiple parents provide abundant variation for genetic study.However,efficient genetic analysis methods and user-friendly software are still lacking.In this study, we developed linkage analysis methods and integrated analysis software for pure-line populations derived from four-way and eight-way crosses.First, polymorphic markers are classified into different categories according to the number of identifiable alleles in the inbred parents.Expected genotypic probability is then derived for each pair of complete markers, and based on them a maximum likelihood estimate(MLE) of recombination frequency is calculated.An EM algorithm is proposed for calculating recombination frequencies in scenarios that at least one marker is incomplete.A linkage map can thus be constructed using estimated recombination frequencies.We describe a software package called GAPL for recombination frequency estimation and linkage map construction in multi-parental pure-line populations.Both simulation studies and results from a reported four-way cross recombinant inbred line population demonstrate that the proposed method and software can build more accurate linkage maps in shorter times than other published software packages.The GAPL software is freely available from www.isbreeding.net and can also be used for QTL mapping in multi-parental populations.
文摘In this paper we present a set of absorbing boundary conditions based on the higher order approximations of one-way wave equations. By introducing new functions, these absorbing boundary conditions are put into the form of systems of lower order partial differential equations. The stability of initial boundary value problems with these type of boundary conditions is discussed. The energy estimates for their solutions are obtained.
文摘四向杂交(four-way cross)设计是指4个纯系亲本参与杂交衍生分离群体的一种交配设计。尽管国际上已经提出基于四向杂交设计的迭代重新加权最小平方(iteratively reweighed least squares,IRWLS)QTL作图方法,但该方法忽略了双侧标记基因型内QTL基因型的混合分布特性,当QTL位置和标记的位置不重合时作图精度较低。本文根据四向杂交设计的数量遗传模型,发展出基于四向杂交设计和混合分布理论的QTL作图的极大似然估计方法。首先利用染色体上所有标记基因型联合计算该染色体上任一假定位置QTL的条件概率,然后根据混合分布理论建立基于EM算法实现的QTL作图的极大似然估计方法。以计算机模拟数据研究了QTL遗传力、样本容量和分子标记信息含量3个因素对方法的影响,结果表明:(1)在QTL的被发现能力上,标记信息不完全的四向杂交设计仅略低于信息完全时的四向杂交设计;(2)随着QTL遗传力、样本容量和标记信息含量的增大,QTL位置以及效应估计值的准确度和精确度逐步提高。
文摘Consider the one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) model Yij=μ+αi+∈ij,i=1,…,a; j = 1,…,b, ∈ij～N(0, σ2). By using the kernel estimation of multivariate density function and its partial derivatives and making use of the estimators of nuisance parameters μ and σ2, we construct the empirical Bayes (EB) estimators of parameter vector α = (α1,…，αa)T. Under the existence condition of the second order moment on prior distribution, we obtain their asymptotic optimality.
