目的了解2010年山东省儿童青少年营养状况,分析超重肥胖消瘦与体能发育水平的关系。方法利用2010年山东省学生体质与健康调研的数据,根据体质指数(body mass index,BMI)筛查出体重正常、超重、肥胖及消瘦的儿童青少年;根据腰围(waist ci...目的了解2010年山东省儿童青少年营养状况,分析超重肥胖消瘦与体能发育水平的关系。方法利用2010年山东省学生体质与健康调研的数据,根据体质指数(body mass index,BMI)筛查出体重正常、超重、肥胖及消瘦的儿童青少年;根据腰围(waist circumference,WC)划分出中心型和外周型肥胖。控制性别和年龄的影响,对不同营养状况儿童青少年的生理功能和运动素质指标进行偏相关和协方差分析。结果超重、肥胖和消瘦的检出率分别为14.7%、11.4%、7.9%;中心型肥胖和外周型肥胖分别占肥胖儿童青少年的77.4%、22.6%;控制性别和年龄的影响,BMI和WC与收缩压、舒张压、50m跑用时、耐力跑用时呈正相关(P<0.01),与肺活量指数、握力指数、仰卧起坐、立定跳远呈负相关(P<0.01);不同营养状况体能发育的协方差分析显示,超重、肥胖和消瘦儿童生理功能和运动素质的平均水平均低于BMI正常组;中心型肥胖儿童的生理功能和运动素质水平低于外周型肥胖儿童。结论山东省2010年儿童青少年营养过剩与营养不良问题并存;超重、肥胖和消瘦可导致儿童青少年生理功能和运动素质下降;中心型肥胖对儿童青少年体能发育的影响高于外周型肥胖。展开更多
Muscle wasting is defined as the progressive and generalized loss of muscle mass. Muscle depletion is a common feature of chronic liver disease foundin approximately 40% of patients with cirrhosis. Its etiology is mul...Muscle wasting is defined as the progressive and generalized loss of muscle mass. Muscle depletion is a common feature of chronic liver disease foundin approximately 40% of patients with cirrhosis. Its etiology is multifactorial subsequent to liver failure and its prevalence increases along with disease severity. Cross-sectional analytic morphometry using computed tomography(CT) scan or magnetic resonance imaging are considered by consensus the gold standards to assess muscle size in cirrhosis for research purposes because they are not biased by fluid accumulation. Several studies have assessed the impact of muscle wasting on overall survival of patients in the waiting list for liver transplantation and there is a general agreement that decreased muscle size assessed by CT scan is an independent predictor for mortality in cirrhosis. It has been proposed that the addition of cross-sectional muscle area into the Model for End-stage Liver Disease can increase its prognostic performance. Nevertheless, the use of CT scan in assessing muscle size is inappropriate for routine clinical practice and an alternative cost-effective, easy to use and accurate tool should be developed. In conclusion, muscle wasting has a detrimental impact on survival of patients with cirrhosis and, thus, it remains to be elucidated if nutritional interventions and exercise could improve muscle wasting and, subsequently, survival in this setting.展开更多
Objective To assess the prevalence of malnutrition among children and adolescents in Xizang （Tibet）. Methods We analyzed data from the Chinese National Survey on Students＇ Constitution and Health for the years 19...Objective To assess the prevalence of malnutrition among children and adolescents in Xizang （Tibet）. Methods We analyzed data from the Chinese National Survey on Students＇ Constitution and Health for the years 1995, 2000, 2005, and 2010 pertaining to Tibetan children and adolescents in Lase （Lhasa）, aged 7-18 years old. Numbers of survey subjects for these years were：2 393, 2 754, 2 397, and 2 643, respectively. Results Our results indicated that the rate of occurrence of stunting in Tibet has evidenced a gradual decline：for boys, from 26.8%in 2000 to 9.3%in 2010;and for girls, from 25.8%in 2000 to 10.8%in 2010. In general, the wasting rate for both boys and girls in Tibet has gradually decreased over time：for boys, from 17.7%in 1995 to 4.6%in 2005;and for girls from 12.5%in 1995 to 2.3%in 2005. The stunting rates of boys aged 7-13 years old and of girls aged 7-11 years old were 67.5%and 53.1%, respectively, while these rates for boys aged 14-18 years old and girls aged 12-18 years old were 32.5%and 46.9%, respectively. Conclusion Stunting and wasting rates of Tibetan children and adolescents indicate a gradual declining trend over time. The stunting rates of both boys and girls during early puberty were significantly higher than those during late puberty.展开更多
文摘目的了解2010年山东省儿童青少年营养状况,分析超重肥胖消瘦与体能发育水平的关系。方法利用2010年山东省学生体质与健康调研的数据,根据体质指数(body mass index,BMI)筛查出体重正常、超重、肥胖及消瘦的儿童青少年;根据腰围(waist circumference,WC)划分出中心型和外周型肥胖。控制性别和年龄的影响,对不同营养状况儿童青少年的生理功能和运动素质指标进行偏相关和协方差分析。结果超重、肥胖和消瘦的检出率分别为14.7%、11.4%、7.9%;中心型肥胖和外周型肥胖分别占肥胖儿童青少年的77.4%、22.6%;控制性别和年龄的影响,BMI和WC与收缩压、舒张压、50m跑用时、耐力跑用时呈正相关(P<0.01),与肺活量指数、握力指数、仰卧起坐、立定跳远呈负相关(P<0.01);不同营养状况体能发育的协方差分析显示,超重、肥胖和消瘦儿童生理功能和运动素质的平均水平均低于BMI正常组;中心型肥胖儿童的生理功能和运动素质水平低于外周型肥胖儿童。结论山东省2010年儿童青少年营养过剩与营养不良问题并存;超重、肥胖和消瘦可导致儿童青少年生理功能和运动素质下降;中心型肥胖对儿童青少年体能发育的影响高于外周型肥胖。
文摘Muscle wasting is defined as the progressive and generalized loss of muscle mass. Muscle depletion is a common feature of chronic liver disease foundin approximately 40% of patients with cirrhosis. Its etiology is multifactorial subsequent to liver failure and its prevalence increases along with disease severity. Cross-sectional analytic morphometry using computed tomography(CT) scan or magnetic resonance imaging are considered by consensus the gold standards to assess muscle size in cirrhosis for research purposes because they are not biased by fluid accumulation. Several studies have assessed the impact of muscle wasting on overall survival of patients in the waiting list for liver transplantation and there is a general agreement that decreased muscle size assessed by CT scan is an independent predictor for mortality in cirrhosis. It has been proposed that the addition of cross-sectional muscle area into the Model for End-stage Liver Disease can increase its prognostic performance. Nevertheless, the use of CT scan in assessing muscle size is inappropriate for routine clinical practice and an alternative cost-effective, easy to use and accurate tool should be developed. In conclusion, muscle wasting has a detrimental impact on survival of patients with cirrhosis and, thus, it remains to be elucidated if nutritional interventions and exercise could improve muscle wasting and, subsequently, survival in this setting.
基金supported by National Education Sciences Planning of China(DLA100339)
文摘Objective To assess the prevalence of malnutrition among children and adolescents in Xizang （Tibet）. Methods We analyzed data from the Chinese National Survey on Students＇ Constitution and Health for the years 1995, 2000, 2005, and 2010 pertaining to Tibetan children and adolescents in Lase （Lhasa）, aged 7-18 years old. Numbers of survey subjects for these years were：2 393, 2 754, 2 397, and 2 643, respectively. Results Our results indicated that the rate of occurrence of stunting in Tibet has evidenced a gradual decline：for boys, from 26.8%in 2000 to 9.3%in 2010;and for girls, from 25.8%in 2000 to 10.8%in 2010. In general, the wasting rate for both boys and girls in Tibet has gradually decreased over time：for boys, from 17.7%in 1995 to 4.6%in 2005;and for girls from 12.5%in 1995 to 2.3%in 2005. The stunting rates of boys aged 7-13 years old and of girls aged 7-11 years old were 67.5%and 53.1%, respectively, while these rates for boys aged 14-18 years old and girls aged 12-18 years old were 32.5%and 46.9%, respectively. Conclusion Stunting and wasting rates of Tibetan children and adolescents indicate a gradual declining trend over time. The stunting rates of both boys and girls during early puberty were significantly higher than those during late puberty.
