Iron and steel slags are smelting wastes, mainly including blast furnace slag(BFS) and steel slag(SS) produced in the iron and steel industry. Utilization of iron and steel slags as resources for solving the problem o...Iron and steel slags are smelting wastes, mainly including blast furnace slag(BFS) and steel slag(SS) produced in the iron and steel industry. Utilization of iron and steel slags as resources for solving the problem of slag disposals has attracted much attention with increasing iron and steel smelting slags in China. Because the iron and steel slags contain calcium(Ca), magnesium(Mg), phosphorus(P), and silicon(Si), some have tried to use them as Si-and P-fertilizers, for producing Ca-Mg-P fertilizers, or as soil amendments in agriculture. However, in the iron metallurgical process, several pollutants in iron ores can inevitably transfer into iron and steel slags, resulting in the enrichment of pollutants both in BFS(mainly nickel(Ni), copper(Cu), mercury, zinc(Zn),cadmium(Cd), chromium(Cr), arsenic, lead, selenium, fluorine(F), and chlorine(Cl)) and in SS(mainly Ni, Cr, Cd, Zn, Cu, F, and Cl), in which some of pollutants(especially Cr, Ni, F, and Cl) exceed the limits of environmental quality standards for soils and groundwater. The elements of manganese, barium,and vanadium in iron and steel slags are higher than the background values of soil environment. In order to ensure soil health, food safety, and environmental quality, it is suggested that those industrial solid wastes, such as iron and steel slags, without any pretreatment for reducing harmful pollutants and with environmental safety risk, should not be allowed to use for soil remediation or conditioning directly in farmlands by solid waste disposal methods, to prevent pollutants from entering food chain and harming human health.展开更多
Steel slag is a byproduct produced in large amounts in the steel-making process. It is an important resource that can be effectively utilized. An experiment was described in which steel slag was tested as an adsorbent...Steel slag is a byproduct produced in large amounts in the steel-making process. It is an important resource that can be effectively utilized. An experiment was described in which steel slag was tested as an adsorbent for the removal of phosphorus from waste water. Phosphorus removal depended on the amount of steel slag added, the pH value, the contact time, and the initial concentration. Under laboratory conditions when the added slag was 7.5g/L, the contact time 2h, and the pH value was equivalent to 6.5, over 99% of the phosphorus was removed; the experimental data on steel slag adsorption of phosphorus in the water fitted the Freundlich isotherm model. Steel slag was found to be very effective in adsorbing phosphorus.展开更多
It is known that fiber wastes (lint, down and seeds) produced at ginneries contain fibers that are suitable for spinning and can be used in industry, and their separation significantly increases the level of fiber pro...It is known that fiber wastes (lint, down and seeds) produced at ginneries contain fibers that are suitable for spinning and can be used in industry, and their separation significantly increases the level of fiber production (1.9% - 2.5%). Based on these analyzes, the study aimed to create a new device that separates long fibers from lint and down. As a result, the amount of fiber output in the enterprise will increase and the enterprise will have significant economic benefits. In addition, the introduction of the device will prevent the addition of long fibers (longer than 16 mm) that can be used in the textile industry to the waste. This article focuses on the creation of a fiber separation device suitable for the treatment and spinning of fibrous waste produced in ginneries. The study theoretically examined the main working bodies of the fiber separation device from waste. Theoretical research is devoted to the study of the strength of the main working body of the fiber separation device<span style="white-space:nowrap;">−</span>the separating saw drum and its shaft. In the study, the sawdust drum is a more stressed steel coating, and it was found that the strength reserve of this drum is [<span style="white-space:nowrap;"><em>δ</em></span><sub>Т</sub>] = 2.03 (where <em>δ</em><sub>Т</sub> = 0.8 - 2.5) was found to be. As a result of calculating the resistance of the saw drum shaft to stiffness and vibration, it was determined that the shafts are resistant to vibration under periodic loading and that the oscillation frequency along its axis through the critical rotation frequency is <em>v<sub>cr</sub></em>=10.3 Gts.展开更多
This paper presents the ways of comprehensive utilization of the natural magnesium containing resources and the trends of the MgO based refractories used in high temperature industries. In the first part, the uses and...This paper presents the ways of comprehensive utilization of the natural magnesium containing resources and the trends of the MgO based refractories used in high temperature industries. In the first part, the uses and productions of metal Mg, sorel cement, Mg (OH) 2 fire retardant, light magnesium carbonate, light magnesia and magnesium sulphate are described. In the second part, the developments of MgO based refractories used in steelmaking process, nonferrous metallurgy, cement rotary kiln and waste melting furnace are described from some applied theories, including corrosion resistant and slaking resistant MgO CaO materials, chrome free bricks such as MgO CaO ZrO 2 , MgO MgO Al 2 O 3 , MgO MgO·Al 2 O 3 ZrO 2 , MgO MgO·Al 2 O 3 2MgO ·TiO 2 and MgO FeO·Al 2 O 3 , and MgO containing monolithic refractories etc.展开更多
The main chemical composition of pyrolysis carbon black of waste tires is C,O,Cu,Zn and so on.The content of ash and fine powder in pyrolysis carbon black is high,and the 300%elongation stress is high.The difference b...The main chemical composition of pyrolysis carbon black of waste tires is C,O,Cu,Zn and so on.The content of ash and fine powder in pyrolysis carbon black is high,and the 300%elongation stress is high.The difference between pyrolysis carbon black and furnace black N326,which is commonly used in rubber,is obvious compared with chemical property.The pyrolysis carbon black was used to replace furnace black N326 in the transition layer of all steel load Radial tire rubber through experimental study.It was found that the compression heat generation and dynamic loss(Tanδ)of the blend rubber before and after aging were obviously reduced,the elongation at break and resilience increased,while the tensile stress and tear strength decreased by 100%and 300%,but the hardness and tensile strength changed little before and after aging.According to the latest raw material price calculation,15 used tire pyrolysis carbon black instead of furnace carbon black N326 used in all steel Radial tire transition layer rubber application,excluding labor costs,electricity and equipment depreciation,a ton of blended rubber saves about$22.86 in production costs.展开更多
Two types of porcelain tiles with steel slag as the main raw material （steel slag ceramics） were synthesized based on the CaO-A1203-SiO2 and CaO--MgO-SiO2 systems, and their bending strengths up to 53.47 MPa and 99....Two types of porcelain tiles with steel slag as the main raw material （steel slag ceramics） were synthesized based on the CaO-A1203-SiO2 and CaO--MgO-SiO2 systems, and their bending strengths up to 53.47 MPa and 99.84 MPa, respectively, were obtained. The presence of anorthite, a-quartz, magnetite, and pyroxene crystals （augite and diopside） in the steel slag ceramics were very different from the composition of traditional ceramics. X-ray diffraction （XRD） and electron probe X-ray microanalysis （EPMA） results illustrated that the addition of steel slag reduced the temperature of extensive liquid generation and further decreased the firing temperature. The considerable contents of glass-modifying oxide liquids with rather low viscosities at high temperature in the steel slag ceramic adobes promoted element diffusion and crystallization. The results of this study demonstrated a new approach for extensive and effective recycling of steel slag.展开更多
为降低危险废物不锈钢含铬除尘灰的危险特性及处置利用过程中的生态环境污染风险,采用国际先进的高温熔融玻璃化处置技术,实现含铬灰中毒害组分的安全转化及资源化利用目标.以不锈钢含铬除尘灰危险废物作为研究对象,通过掺杂不同质量比...为降低危险废物不锈钢含铬除尘灰的危险特性及处置利用过程中的生态环境污染风险,采用国际先进的高温熔融玻璃化处置技术,实现含铬灰中毒害组分的安全转化及资源化利用目标.以不锈钢含铬除尘灰危险废物作为研究对象,通过掺杂不同质量比例的硅藻土、膨润土、氧化钙及氧化铝控制生料的碱基度,在不同熔融温度、不同保温时间下制备玻璃化产物,即玻璃体,并对玻璃体的危险特性及资源化利用的物理化学性能进行研究.结果表明:不锈钢含铬除尘灰中主要重金属是Cr、Ni、Mn,经掺杂无定形结构调制剂,在熔融温度为1450℃、保温时间为0.5 h、碱基度控制为0.14~0.55时,可以制备出微观结构致密、连续性好、孔隙率低、表面光滑的玻璃体;玻璃体中的Cr与Ni经玻璃化处置后,采用HJ T 299—2007《固体废物浸出毒性浸出方法硫酸硝酸法》与HJ T 300—2007《固体废物浸出毒性浸出方法醋酸缓冲溶液法》测得的Ni、Cr的浸出毒性远低于GB 5085.3—2007《危险废物鉴别标准浸出毒性鉴别》与GB 16889—2008《生活垃圾填埋场污染控制标准》对固体废物入场的限值要求;玻璃体结构致密、力学强度高,碱基度为0.14~0.55的玻璃体坚固性范围为1.1%~4.5%,压碎值范围为3.4%~7.5%,满足JGJ 52—2006《普通混凝土用砂、石质量及检验方法标准》中用砂对坚固性与压碎值分别不超过8%与30%的质量要求;玻璃体的渗透系数为10-9~10-8 cm s,满足填埋场防渗替代材料的渗透系数要求.研究显示,利用不锈钢含铬灰制备玻璃体前后重金属浸出毒性及危险特征明显降低,可以实现无害化处置,玻璃体的物理化学性质与防渗效果满足混凝土用砂等潜在应用场景的性能要求.展开更多
Pickling waste liquid of the steel industry is included in National Hazardous Wastes Catalogue because of its high corrosion and large discharge. The techniques for treating pickling waste liquid （ H2SO4 ） in steel ...Pickling waste liquid of the steel industry is included in National Hazardous Wastes Catalogue because of its high corrosion and large discharge. The techniques for treating pickling waste liquid （ H2SO4 ） in steel industry is summarized. The advantages, disadvantages and applied ranges of all kinds of control technologies are comparatively analysed. The research trends of techniques for treating pickling waste liquid （ H2SO4 ） are the resource reclamation technologies in future which is pointed out in the paper.展开更多
A novel process technology to prepare glass-ceramics directly from molten steel slag （MSS） is proposed in the study. The liquid-solid mixing method was used to adjust the components of the MSS and glass-ceramics was...A novel process technology to prepare glass-ceramics directly from molten steel slag （MSS） is proposed in the study. The liquid-solid mixing method was used to adjust the components of the MSS and glass-ceramics was obtained. The effects of heat-treatment conditions on the microstructure ,physical and mechanical properties of samples were studied. Economical benefits of the novel process were analyzed. The results show that heat-treatment is a very effective approach to achieving crystallization. The dominant crystal phase in products is diopside [ （ Mg6Al2Fe2 ） Ca （ Si1.5 Al5 ） O2 ]. The shape of the crystallization is like a granule. The glass-ceramic samples exhibited good mechanical properties and presented chemical stability. The economic benefits of the process are remarkable due to less energy consumption compared with conventional glass-ceramics production methods.展开更多
基金supported by the Special Program for Fertilizer Registration of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of China (No. 2130109)。
文摘Iron and steel slags are smelting wastes, mainly including blast furnace slag(BFS) and steel slag(SS) produced in the iron and steel industry. Utilization of iron and steel slags as resources for solving the problem of slag disposals has attracted much attention with increasing iron and steel smelting slags in China. Because the iron and steel slags contain calcium(Ca), magnesium(Mg), phosphorus(P), and silicon(Si), some have tried to use them as Si-and P-fertilizers, for producing Ca-Mg-P fertilizers, or as soil amendments in agriculture. However, in the iron metallurgical process, several pollutants in iron ores can inevitably transfer into iron and steel slags, resulting in the enrichment of pollutants both in BFS(mainly nickel(Ni), copper(Cu), mercury, zinc(Zn),cadmium(Cd), chromium(Cr), arsenic, lead, selenium, fluorine(F), and chlorine(Cl)) and in SS(mainly Ni, Cr, Cd, Zn, Cu, F, and Cl), in which some of pollutants(especially Cr, Ni, F, and Cl) exceed the limits of environmental quality standards for soils and groundwater. The elements of manganese, barium,and vanadium in iron and steel slags are higher than the background values of soil environment. In order to ensure soil health, food safety, and environmental quality, it is suggested that those industrial solid wastes, such as iron and steel slags, without any pretreatment for reducing harmful pollutants and with environmental safety risk, should not be allowed to use for soil remediation or conditioning directly in farmlands by solid waste disposal methods, to prevent pollutants from entering food chain and harming human health.
文摘Steel slag is a byproduct produced in large amounts in the steel-making process. It is an important resource that can be effectively utilized. An experiment was described in which steel slag was tested as an adsorbent for the removal of phosphorus from waste water. Phosphorus removal depended on the amount of steel slag added, the pH value, the contact time, and the initial concentration. Under laboratory conditions when the added slag was 7.5g/L, the contact time 2h, and the pH value was equivalent to 6.5, over 99% of the phosphorus was removed; the experimental data on steel slag adsorption of phosphorus in the water fitted the Freundlich isotherm model. Steel slag was found to be very effective in adsorbing phosphorus.
文摘It is known that fiber wastes (lint, down and seeds) produced at ginneries contain fibers that are suitable for spinning and can be used in industry, and their separation significantly increases the level of fiber production (1.9% - 2.5%). Based on these analyzes, the study aimed to create a new device that separates long fibers from lint and down. As a result, the amount of fiber output in the enterprise will increase and the enterprise will have significant economic benefits. In addition, the introduction of the device will prevent the addition of long fibers (longer than 16 mm) that can be used in the textile industry to the waste. This article focuses on the creation of a fiber separation device suitable for the treatment and spinning of fibrous waste produced in ginneries. The study theoretically examined the main working bodies of the fiber separation device from waste. Theoretical research is devoted to the study of the strength of the main working body of the fiber separation device<span style="white-space:nowrap;">−</span>the separating saw drum and its shaft. In the study, the sawdust drum is a more stressed steel coating, and it was found that the strength reserve of this drum is [<span style="white-space:nowrap;"><em>δ</em></span><sub>Т</sub>] = 2.03 (where <em>δ</em><sub>Т</sub> = 0.8 - 2.5) was found to be. As a result of calculating the resistance of the saw drum shaft to stiffness and vibration, it was determined that the shafts are resistant to vibration under periodic loading and that the oscillation frequency along its axis through the critical rotation frequency is <em>v<sub>cr</sub></em>=10.3 Gts.
文摘This paper presents the ways of comprehensive utilization of the natural magnesium containing resources and the trends of the MgO based refractories used in high temperature industries. In the first part, the uses and productions of metal Mg, sorel cement, Mg (OH) 2 fire retardant, light magnesium carbonate, light magnesia and magnesium sulphate are described. In the second part, the developments of MgO based refractories used in steelmaking process, nonferrous metallurgy, cement rotary kiln and waste melting furnace are described from some applied theories, including corrosion resistant and slaking resistant MgO CaO materials, chrome free bricks such as MgO CaO ZrO 2 , MgO MgO Al 2 O 3 , MgO MgO·Al 2 O 3 ZrO 2 , MgO MgO·Al 2 O 3 2MgO ·TiO 2 and MgO FeO·Al 2 O 3 , and MgO containing monolithic refractories etc.
文摘The main chemical composition of pyrolysis carbon black of waste tires is C,O,Cu,Zn and so on.The content of ash and fine powder in pyrolysis carbon black is high,and the 300%elongation stress is high.The difference between pyrolysis carbon black and furnace black N326,which is commonly used in rubber,is obvious compared with chemical property.The pyrolysis carbon black was used to replace furnace black N326 in the transition layer of all steel load Radial tire rubber through experimental study.It was found that the compression heat generation and dynamic loss(Tanδ)of the blend rubber before and after aging were obviously reduced,the elongation at break and resilience increased,while the tensile stress and tear strength decreased by 100%and 300%,but the hardness and tensile strength changed little before and after aging.According to the latest raw material price calculation,15 used tire pyrolysis carbon black instead of furnace carbon black N326 used in all steel Radial tire transition layer rubber application,excluding labor costs,electricity and equipment depreciation,a ton of blended rubber saves about$22.86 in production costs.
文摘Two types of porcelain tiles with steel slag as the main raw material （steel slag ceramics） were synthesized based on the CaO-A1203-SiO2 and CaO--MgO-SiO2 systems, and their bending strengths up to 53.47 MPa and 99.84 MPa, respectively, were obtained. The presence of anorthite, a-quartz, magnetite, and pyroxene crystals （augite and diopside） in the steel slag ceramics were very different from the composition of traditional ceramics. X-ray diffraction （XRD） and electron probe X-ray microanalysis （EPMA） results illustrated that the addition of steel slag reduced the temperature of extensive liquid generation and further decreased the firing temperature. The considerable contents of glass-modifying oxide liquids with rather low viscosities at high temperature in the steel slag ceramic adobes promoted element diffusion and crystallization. The results of this study demonstrated a new approach for extensive and effective recycling of steel slag.
文摘为降低危险废物不锈钢含铬除尘灰的危险特性及处置利用过程中的生态环境污染风险,采用国际先进的高温熔融玻璃化处置技术,实现含铬灰中毒害组分的安全转化及资源化利用目标.以不锈钢含铬除尘灰危险废物作为研究对象,通过掺杂不同质量比例的硅藻土、膨润土、氧化钙及氧化铝控制生料的碱基度,在不同熔融温度、不同保温时间下制备玻璃化产物,即玻璃体,并对玻璃体的危险特性及资源化利用的物理化学性能进行研究.结果表明:不锈钢含铬除尘灰中主要重金属是Cr、Ni、Mn,经掺杂无定形结构调制剂,在熔融温度为1450℃、保温时间为0.5 h、碱基度控制为0.14~0.55时,可以制备出微观结构致密、连续性好、孔隙率低、表面光滑的玻璃体;玻璃体中的Cr与Ni经玻璃化处置后,采用HJ T 299—2007《固体废物浸出毒性浸出方法硫酸硝酸法》与HJ T 300—2007《固体废物浸出毒性浸出方法醋酸缓冲溶液法》测得的Ni、Cr的浸出毒性远低于GB 5085.3—2007《危险废物鉴别标准浸出毒性鉴别》与GB 16889—2008《生活垃圾填埋场污染控制标准》对固体废物入场的限值要求;玻璃体结构致密、力学强度高,碱基度为0.14~0.55的玻璃体坚固性范围为1.1%~4.5%,压碎值范围为3.4%~7.5%,满足JGJ 52—2006《普通混凝土用砂、石质量及检验方法标准》中用砂对坚固性与压碎值分别不超过8%与30%的质量要求;玻璃体的渗透系数为10-9~10-8 cm s,满足填埋场防渗替代材料的渗透系数要求.研究显示,利用不锈钢含铬灰制备玻璃体前后重金属浸出毒性及危险特征明显降低,可以实现无害化处置,玻璃体的物理化学性质与防渗效果满足混凝土用砂等潜在应用场景的性能要求.
基金Supported by Open Fund Project of Key Laboratory of Environmenta Engineering in Jiangsu,China( KF2012006)Undergraduate Practice Innovation Training Plan Project of Jiangsu Colleges and Universities, China ( Sujiaogao[2011]10)Research Fund Project of Nanjing College of Chemical Technology in 2012,China( NHKY-2012-06)
文摘Pickling waste liquid of the steel industry is included in National Hazardous Wastes Catalogue because of its high corrosion and large discharge. The techniques for treating pickling waste liquid （ H2SO4 ） in steel industry is summarized. The advantages, disadvantages and applied ranges of all kinds of control technologies are comparatively analysed. The research trends of techniques for treating pickling waste liquid （ H2SO4 ） are the resource reclamation technologies in future which is pointed out in the paper.
基金supported by the New Century Excellent Talents Project of the Ministry of Education (NCET-09-0392)
文摘A novel process technology to prepare glass-ceramics directly from molten steel slag （MSS） is proposed in the study. The liquid-solid mixing method was used to adjust the components of the MSS and glass-ceramics was obtained. The effects of heat-treatment conditions on the microstructure ,physical and mechanical properties of samples were studied. Economical benefits of the novel process were analyzed. The results show that heat-treatment is a very effective approach to achieving crystallization. The dominant crystal phase in products is diopside [ （ Mg6Al2Fe2 ） Ca （ Si1.5 Al5 ） O2 ]. The shape of the crystallization is like a granule. The glass-ceramic samples exhibited good mechanical properties and presented chemical stability. The economic benefits of the process are remarkable due to less energy consumption compared with conventional glass-ceramics production methods.
