目的观察单相抑郁障碍患者和双相抑郁障碍患者的睡眠特征以及其认知功能的差异。方法选取2015 02—2016 10茂名市第三人民医院院就诊的单相抑郁障碍患者73例(单相组)、双相抑郁障碍患者76例(双相组),以及同期的健康志愿者60例(对照组)...目的观察单相抑郁障碍患者和双相抑郁障碍患者的睡眠特征以及其认知功能的差异。方法选取2015 02—2016 10茂名市第三人民医院院就诊的单相抑郁障碍患者73例(单相组)、双相抑郁障碍患者76例(双相组),以及同期的健康志愿者60例(对照组)。采用多导睡眠监测系统对受试者的睡眠特征进行监测比较,采用改良过的韦氏成人智力量表(Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale,WAIS)评定受试者的语言智商、操作智商和总智商;采用韦克斯勒成人记忆量表(Wechsler memory scale,WMS)评定受试者的记忆能力;采用功能失调性态度问卷(Dysfunctional attitudes scales,DAS)评估认知结构。结果 3组受试者的多导睡眠监测指标中,除第2期睡眠时间/比例和快速动眼期睡眠时间/比例外,其他指标差异均有统计学意义( P <0.05)。单相组与双相组患者在总睡眠时间、觉醒时间、觉醒次数、睡眠潜伏期、第1期时间/比例和第3期时间/比例中,差异均有统计学意义( P <0.05)。3组患者WAIS和WMS评分比较,差异有统计学意义( P <0.05)。单相组和双相组在总智商和记忆商数比较中,差异有统计学意义( P <0.05),但2组的语言智商和操作智商比较,差异无统计学意义( P >0.05)。3组受试者DAS评分差异存在统计学意义,双相组显著高于单相组( P <0.05)。其中强制性、依赖性、认知哲学方面,双相组的评分显著高于单相组( P <0.05);但2组患者的脆弱性、吸引和排斥、完美性、寻求赞许及自主性态度方面比较,差异无统计学意义( P >0.05)。结论 单相抑郁障碍和双相抑郁障碍患者均存在睡眠进程和睡眠结构紊乱的问题,认知能力也受到一定程度的损伤,其中双相抑郁患者更为严重。展开更多
<b>Backgrounds:</b> Sleepiness is reported to predict sleep quality, academic performance and self-regulation. This study aimed to discover determinants of sleepiness. <b>Methods:</b> On 2722 q...<b>Backgrounds:</b> Sleepiness is reported to predict sleep quality, academic performance and self-regulation. This study aimed to discover determinants of sleepiness. <b>Methods:</b> On 2722 questionnaires obtained from pupils in grades 5 - 12 in the Kanto district of Japan, lifestyle habits associated with sleepiness were analyzed using a multivariable logistic regression model. <b>Results:</b> The rate of sleepy pupils (who feel sleepy during class as often and always) increased from elementary school (6.3%) to senior high school (42.4%) via junior high school (17.1%). Higher grade (adjusted odds ratio [OR], 1.28;95% confidence interval [CI], 1.21 - 1.37;p < 0.001), later bedtime before school day (OR, 1.41;CI, 1.26 - 1.57;p < 0.001), longer non-school day screen time (OR, 1.27;CI, 1.16 - 1.40;p < 0.001), poor self-reported academic performance (OR, 1.41;CI, 1.24 - 1.60;p < 0.001), skipping breakfast (OR, 1.18;CI, 1.01 - 1.39;p = 0.041), earlier wake time on school day (OR, 0.84;CI, 0.71 - 0.98;p = 0.026), and higher after-school (OR, 1.03;CI, 1.02 - 1.04;p < 0.001) and physical activities (OR, 1.06;CL, 1.03 - 1.10;p < 0.001) were independently associated with sleepy pupils. <b>Conclusions:</b> To reduce adolescents’ sleepiness in the Kanto district of Japan, we recommend them to have adequate waking time, and to avoid late bedtime, breakfast skipping, excessive screen time, after-school activity, and physical activity. Further prospective studies are needed to confirm involvements of these recommended factors in sleepiness and both physical and mental health outcomes.展开更多
An improved three-dimensional(3D)time-domain couple model is established in this paper to simulate the bidirectional vortex-induced vibration(VIV)of a deepwater steep wave riser(SWR)subjected to oblique currents.In th...An improved three-dimensional(3D)time-domain couple model is established in this paper to simulate the bidirectional vortex-induced vibration(VIV)of a deepwater steep wave riser(SWR)subjected to oblique currents.In this model,the nonlinear motion equations of the riser are established in the global coordinate system based on the slender rod theory with the finite element method.Van der Pol equations are used to describe the lift forces induced by the x-and y-direction current components,respectively.The coupled equations at each time step are solved by a Newmark-βiterative scheme for the SWR VIV.The present model is verified by comparison with the published experimental results for a top-tension riser.Then,a series of simulations are executed to determine the influences of the oblique angle/velocity of the current,different top-end positions and the length of the buoyancy segment on the VIV displacement,oscillating frequency as well as hydrodynamic coefficients of the SWR.The results demonstrate that there exists a coupled resonant VIV corresponding to x-direction and y-direction,respectively.However,the effective frequency is almost identical between the vibrations at the hang-off segment along x and y directions.The addition of the buoyancy modules in the middle of the SWR has a beneficial impact on the lift force of three segments and simultaneously limits the VIV response,especially at the decline segment and the hang-off segments.Additionally,the incident current direction significantly affects the motion trajectory of the SWR which mainly includes the fusiform and rectangle shapes.展开更多
文摘目的分析青少年中睡眠习惯和心理行为健康之间的相关性,为预防和改善青少年群体心理健康提供参考依据。方法通过分层整群抽样的方式调查了4 966名11~20岁的青少年。青少年睡眠卫生评估量表修订版(MASHS)用来测量其睡眠状况及行为习惯。儿童长处和不足问卷(Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire,SDQ)用来评估青少年心理行为健康状况。结果参与调查的青少年中,46.4%工作日平均每天睡眠时间少于8h,7.6%周末平均睡眠时间少于8h,47.5%工作日入睡时间晚于22:00点,39.8%周末入睡时间晚于22:30,45.2%周末觉醒时间晚于8:00,22.55%睡眠规律性差;8.7%的青少年存在心理行为问题,在控制了潜在的混杂因素后,工作日平均睡眠时间少于8h/d(OR=1.77,CI:1.13~2.76,P=0.012),周末的平均睡眠时间少于8h/d(OR=1.65,CI:1.12~2.43,P=0.011),工作日入睡时间晚于22:00点(OR=1.73,CI:1.30~2.31,P<0.001),周末入睡时间晚于22:30点(OR=1.37,CI:1.07~1.77,P=0.014),周末的觉醒时间晚于8点(OR=1.30,CI:1.02~1.66,P=0.032),睡眠不规律(OR=3.11,CI:2.41~4.01,P<0.001)等5个睡眠习惯变量与青少年心理问题显著相关。结论应加强对青少年的睡眠卫生教育,帮助其培养良好的睡眠习惯,特别是充足的睡眠时间和规律的作息习惯,以促进其心理健康。
文摘目的观察单相抑郁障碍患者和双相抑郁障碍患者的睡眠特征以及其认知功能的差异。方法选取2015 02—2016 10茂名市第三人民医院院就诊的单相抑郁障碍患者73例(单相组)、双相抑郁障碍患者76例(双相组),以及同期的健康志愿者60例(对照组)。采用多导睡眠监测系统对受试者的睡眠特征进行监测比较,采用改良过的韦氏成人智力量表(Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale,WAIS)评定受试者的语言智商、操作智商和总智商;采用韦克斯勒成人记忆量表(Wechsler memory scale,WMS)评定受试者的记忆能力;采用功能失调性态度问卷(Dysfunctional attitudes scales,DAS)评估认知结构。结果 3组受试者的多导睡眠监测指标中,除第2期睡眠时间/比例和快速动眼期睡眠时间/比例外,其他指标差异均有统计学意义( P <0.05)。单相组与双相组患者在总睡眠时间、觉醒时间、觉醒次数、睡眠潜伏期、第1期时间/比例和第3期时间/比例中,差异均有统计学意义( P <0.05)。3组患者WAIS和WMS评分比较,差异有统计学意义( P <0.05)。单相组和双相组在总智商和记忆商数比较中,差异有统计学意义( P <0.05),但2组的语言智商和操作智商比较,差异无统计学意义( P >0.05)。3组受试者DAS评分差异存在统计学意义,双相组显著高于单相组( P <0.05)。其中强制性、依赖性、认知哲学方面,双相组的评分显著高于单相组( P <0.05);但2组患者的脆弱性、吸引和排斥、完美性、寻求赞许及自主性态度方面比较,差异无统计学意义( P >0.05)。结论 单相抑郁障碍和双相抑郁障碍患者均存在睡眠进程和睡眠结构紊乱的问题,认知能力也受到一定程度的损伤,其中双相抑郁患者更为严重。
文摘<b>Backgrounds:</b> Sleepiness is reported to predict sleep quality, academic performance and self-regulation. This study aimed to discover determinants of sleepiness. <b>Methods:</b> On 2722 questionnaires obtained from pupils in grades 5 - 12 in the Kanto district of Japan, lifestyle habits associated with sleepiness were analyzed using a multivariable logistic regression model. <b>Results:</b> The rate of sleepy pupils (who feel sleepy during class as often and always) increased from elementary school (6.3%) to senior high school (42.4%) via junior high school (17.1%). Higher grade (adjusted odds ratio [OR], 1.28;95% confidence interval [CI], 1.21 - 1.37;p < 0.001), later bedtime before school day (OR, 1.41;CI, 1.26 - 1.57;p < 0.001), longer non-school day screen time (OR, 1.27;CI, 1.16 - 1.40;p < 0.001), poor self-reported academic performance (OR, 1.41;CI, 1.24 - 1.60;p < 0.001), skipping breakfast (OR, 1.18;CI, 1.01 - 1.39;p = 0.041), earlier wake time on school day (OR, 0.84;CI, 0.71 - 0.98;p = 0.026), and higher after-school (OR, 1.03;CI, 1.02 - 1.04;p < 0.001) and physical activities (OR, 1.06;CL, 1.03 - 1.10;p < 0.001) were independently associated with sleepy pupils. <b>Conclusions:</b> To reduce adolescents’ sleepiness in the Kanto district of Japan, we recommend them to have adequate waking time, and to avoid late bedtime, breakfast skipping, excessive screen time, after-school activity, and physical activity. Further prospective studies are needed to confirm involvements of these recommended factors in sleepiness and both physical and mental health outcomes.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.51861130358 and 51609109)the State Key Laboratory of Ocean Engineering,China(Shanghai Jiao Tong University)(Grant No.1905)the Newton Advanced Fellowships of the Royal Society,and the Postgraduate Research&Practice Innovation Program of Jiangsu Province(Grant No.KYCX20_3153).
文摘An improved three-dimensional(3D)time-domain couple model is established in this paper to simulate the bidirectional vortex-induced vibration(VIV)of a deepwater steep wave riser(SWR)subjected to oblique currents.In this model,the nonlinear motion equations of the riser are established in the global coordinate system based on the slender rod theory with the finite element method.Van der Pol equations are used to describe the lift forces induced by the x-and y-direction current components,respectively.The coupled equations at each time step are solved by a Newmark-βiterative scheme for the SWR VIV.The present model is verified by comparison with the published experimental results for a top-tension riser.Then,a series of simulations are executed to determine the influences of the oblique angle/velocity of the current,different top-end positions and the length of the buoyancy segment on the VIV displacement,oscillating frequency as well as hydrodynamic coefficients of the SWR.The results demonstrate that there exists a coupled resonant VIV corresponding to x-direction and y-direction,respectively.However,the effective frequency is almost identical between the vibrations at the hang-off segment along x and y directions.The addition of the buoyancy modules in the middle of the SWR has a beneficial impact on the lift force of three segments and simultaneously limits the VIV response,especially at the decline segment and the hang-off segments.Additionally,the incident current direction significantly affects the motion trajectory of the SWR which mainly includes the fusiform and rectangle shapes.
