背景:国外学者已经编制了一些科学的、适用于儿童的动作发展测评工具,但由于测评工具会受地域、文化、人种常模数据的影响,故不能照搬国外测评工具直接使用。因此,了解国际儿童动作发展评估工具的发展脉络,对帮助相关领域的研究者研制...背景:国外学者已经编制了一些科学的、适用于儿童的动作发展测评工具,但由于测评工具会受地域、文化、人种常模数据的影响,故不能照搬国外测评工具直接使用。因此,了解国际儿童动作发展评估工具的发展脉络,对帮助相关领域的研究者研制科学的、适用于中国儿童动作发展评估使用的评估工具具有重要意义。目的:运用文献分析法、可视化分析与数理统计等方法,对过去30年间国际儿童动作发展评估研究的学科特征、动态演进与前沿热点进行分析,旨在从宏观全面了解国际儿童动作发展评估的研究概况。方法:检索1990至2020年Web of Science核心合集数据库。检索主题#1“elementary or pupil or primary school or middle school or secondary school or children or preschool or Kindergarten or Pediatrics”与#2“motor skills or gross motor or fine motor or coordination or motor developmental delay or developmental coordination disorder or motor difficulty or motor development defect or motor development or motor proficiency or motor competencies”与#3“questionnaire or tools or assessment or scale or test”,并以#4(#1 and#2 and#3)进行联合检索,最终筛选11680篇文献作为文章研究数据使用Citespace5.5R2软件进行文献可视化分析。结果与结论:①儿童动作发展评估研究呈现以儿科学、神经科学与神经病学、心理学、神经科学、教育和教育研究、体育科学等学科为首、多学科交叉的特征;②可将国际儿童动作发展评估研究的演进脉络划分为基础发展阶段、快速发展阶段和高速发展阶段,不同的阶段的评估工具发展始终围绕动作发展对不同儿童认知、人格和社会适应、身体健康的影响进行;③国际儿童动作发展评估研究的前沿趋势,主要聚焦于早产儿的动作发展和干预、肌萎缩儿童的动作发展、脑瘫儿童的动作发展、孤独症儿童的动作协调问题、儿童动作发展与�展开更多
The concept of receptive field(RF) is central to sensory neuroscience. Neuronal RF properties have been substantially studied in animals,while those in humans remain nearly unexplored. Here, we measured neuronal RFs w...The concept of receptive field(RF) is central to sensory neuroscience. Neuronal RF properties have been substantially studied in animals,while those in humans remain nearly unexplored. Here, we measured neuronal RFs with intracranial local field potentials(LFPs) and spiking activity in human visual cortex(V1/V2/V3). We recorded LFPs via macro-contacts and discovered that RF sizes estimated from lowfrequency activity(LFA, 0.5–30 Hz) were larger than those estimated from low-gamma activity(LGA, 30–60 Hz) and high-gamma activity(HGA, 60–150 Hz). We then took a rare opportunity to record LFPs and spiking activity via microwires in V1 simultaneously. We found that RF sizes and temporal profiles measured from LGA and HGA closely matched those from spiking activity. In sum, this study reveals that spiking activity of neurons in human visual cortex could be well approximated by LGA and HGA in RF estimation and temporal profile measurement, implying the pivotal functions of LGA and HGA in early visual information processing.展开更多
Background: The optimal breathing pattern (BP) to effectively regulate autonomic nervous activity is yet to be determined. Objective: We aimed to clarify the effects of four BPs (BP-1, BP-2, BP-3, and BP-4) on autonom...Background: The optimal breathing pattern (BP) to effectively regulate autonomic nervous activity is yet to be determined. Objective: We aimed to clarify the effects of four BPs (BP-1, BP-2, BP-3, and BP-4) on autonomic nervous activity and mood changes. Methods: Eleven healthy adult female volunteers performed each BP in a sitting position for 5 min in a resting state. The time required for one breathing for BP-1 (30 breaths/min), BP-2 (20 breaths/min), BP-3 (15 breaths/min), and BP-4 (10 breaths/min) were 2 s, 3 s, 4 s, and 6 s, respectively. The inspiratory/expiratory time of one breathing was 1 s/1 s, 1 s/2 s, 2 s/2 s, and 2 s/4 s. The high-frequency component (HF) and low-frequency component (LF)/HF ratio during and before (control) performing a BP were calculated from heart rate variability data recorded using the wearable biometric information tracer M-BIT. Three mood changes, which are, “pleasure—unpleasure”, “relaxation—tension”, and “sleepiness—arousal”, in the subjects were assessed using the visual analog scale (VAS) before and after performing a BP. Results: Slower breathing induced an increase in HF power and a reduction in LF/HF ratio, indicating increased parasympathetic activity and decreased sympathetic dominance. Furthermore, VAS revealed that slower breathing increased the tendency to feel “pleasure”, “relaxation”, and “sleepiness”. Conclusion: Our results suggest that slower breathing predominates parasympathetic activity in the autonomic nervous system, resulting in a relaxing effect. This result may help lay the foundation for deriving breathing methods that efficiently regulate an individual’s autonomic activity.展开更多
Mammography is carried out in a special position, i.e. “an image is taken while the breast is compressed, stretched and kept in a fixed position”. The purpose of this study was to demonstrate quantitatively and qual...Mammography is carried out in a special position, i.e. “an image is taken while the breast is compressed, stretched and kept in a fixed position”. The purpose of this study was to demonstrate quantitatively and qualitatively the physical and psychological burden due to positioning and breast compression during mammography. Muscle activity of each part of the body during positioning for the standard imaging method, to obtain craniocaudal (CC) view images, was measured in 15 adult females using surface EMG. The associated pain was analyzed using visual analogue scale (VAS) scores. During positioning for the CC view, muscle activity was highest in the biceps (24.44 iEMG/s) followed by the trapezius (17.78 iEMG/s) on the imaging side. Muscle activity of the biceps and the sternocleidomastoid on the imaging side showed significant differences compared with pre-imaging activity (biceps P < 0.031, sternocleidomastoid P < 0.005). The pain during mammography was rated as moderate to severe pain (VAS = 3.3 - 6.7) for CC views. As a result, the activities of not only the muscles directly involved in mammography positioning but also those indirectly involved were high as compared with the normal state. Measurement of muscle activity during mammography is expected to be used effectively, such as in the care to reduce pain for the subjects.展开更多
To reveal the nature of locusts’visual reaction when stimulated by light,and to clarify the regulation characteristics of locusts’phototactic visual physiology and obtain good spectral light features for locusts’ph...To reveal the nature of locusts’visual reaction when stimulated by light,and to clarify the regulation characteristics of locusts’phototactic visual physiology and obtain good spectral light features for locusts’phototactic action,this study investigated locusts’visual spectrum response by characterizing their photoreceptive reaction to LED light using an AvaSpec fiber-optic spectrometer system.Locusts’phototactic response to spectral light was compared using this system.The results showed that locusts’visual reaction characterization presents a photo-induced vision spectrum effect and that by offsetting the main wavelength of light and the spectral peak intensity,a time-varying bio-regulation effect emerges.In addition,locusts’visual regulation ability to UV light is higher than that to violet light,whereas their reaction intensity is lower than to violet light,and the visual bio-regulatory force of locusts’visual system absorbing orange light to react sensitively becomes gradually higher than when absorbing green light as time goes on.Moreover,corresponding to nominal illumination with the same radiant energy and a visual spectrum response stimulated by UV,violet,orange,and green light,it appears that the visual spectrum window is symmetrical around 382 nm,400 nm,602 nm,and 530 nm,respectively,with no significant difference between spectral amplitudes and having a time-varying incremental characteristic with amplitude peak width.This indicates that the stimulus intensity of UV,violet,orange,and green light exceeds locusts’visual tolerance,causing them to generate regulation inactivation as a visual physiological reaction,whereas the visual window response effect stimulated by UV light presents an illumination timeliness effect.Simultaneously,time-varying characteristics of locusts’bio-behavior intensity show that light intensity can make up for locusts’visual sensitivity differences at various spectral wavelengths.Presented with differential response time,photosensitive behavior intensity,展开更多
A new image compression algorithm is proposed based on local visual activity classification and the investigation of the histograms of the small non-overlapping blocks of the differential and angle image. Histograms o...A new image compression algorithm is proposed based on local visual activity classification and the investigation of the histograms of the small non-overlapping blocks of the differential and angle image. Histograms of the differential blocks are classified according to their visual activities as Unimodal, Bimodal and Multimodal blocks. According to the histogram shape of the differential block and the mean angle of the same block an optimized quantization table with special coding is applied by taking the advantages of the local visual activities within the block. A considerable compression ratio and visual output improvement compared with the DCT compression algorithm are gained.展开更多
文摘背景:国外学者已经编制了一些科学的、适用于儿童的动作发展测评工具,但由于测评工具会受地域、文化、人种常模数据的影响,故不能照搬国外测评工具直接使用。因此,了解国际儿童动作发展评估工具的发展脉络,对帮助相关领域的研究者研制科学的、适用于中国儿童动作发展评估使用的评估工具具有重要意义。目的:运用文献分析法、可视化分析与数理统计等方法,对过去30年间国际儿童动作发展评估研究的学科特征、动态演进与前沿热点进行分析,旨在从宏观全面了解国际儿童动作发展评估的研究概况。方法:检索1990至2020年Web of Science核心合集数据库。检索主题#1“elementary or pupil or primary school or middle school or secondary school or children or preschool or Kindergarten or Pediatrics”与#2“motor skills or gross motor or fine motor or coordination or motor developmental delay or developmental coordination disorder or motor difficulty or motor development defect or motor development or motor proficiency or motor competencies”与#3“questionnaire or tools or assessment or scale or test”,并以#4(#1 and#2 and#3)进行联合检索,最终筛选11680篇文献作为文章研究数据使用Citespace5.5R2软件进行文献可视化分析。结果与结论:①儿童动作发展评估研究呈现以儿科学、神经科学与神经病学、心理学、神经科学、教育和教育研究、体育科学等学科为首、多学科交叉的特征;②可将国际儿童动作发展评估研究的演进脉络划分为基础发展阶段、快速发展阶段和高速发展阶段,不同的阶段的评估工具发展始终围绕动作发展对不同儿童认知、人格和社会适应、身体健康的影响进行;③国际儿童动作发展评估研究的前沿趋势,主要聚焦于早产儿的动作发展和干预、肌萎缩儿童的动作发展、脑瘫儿童的动作发展、孤独症儿童的动作协调问题、儿童动作发展与�
基金supported by the National Science and Technology Innovation 2030 Major Program(2022ZD0204802,2022ZD0204804)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31930053,32171039)Beijing Academy of Artificial Intelligence(BAAI)。
文摘The concept of receptive field(RF) is central to sensory neuroscience. Neuronal RF properties have been substantially studied in animals,while those in humans remain nearly unexplored. Here, we measured neuronal RFs with intracranial local field potentials(LFPs) and spiking activity in human visual cortex(V1/V2/V3). We recorded LFPs via macro-contacts and discovered that RF sizes estimated from lowfrequency activity(LFA, 0.5–30 Hz) were larger than those estimated from low-gamma activity(LGA, 30–60 Hz) and high-gamma activity(HGA, 60–150 Hz). We then took a rare opportunity to record LFPs and spiking activity via microwires in V1 simultaneously. We found that RF sizes and temporal profiles measured from LGA and HGA closely matched those from spiking activity. In sum, this study reveals that spiking activity of neurons in human visual cortex could be well approximated by LGA and HGA in RF estimation and temporal profile measurement, implying the pivotal functions of LGA and HGA in early visual information processing.
文摘Background: The optimal breathing pattern (BP) to effectively regulate autonomic nervous activity is yet to be determined. Objective: We aimed to clarify the effects of four BPs (BP-1, BP-2, BP-3, and BP-4) on autonomic nervous activity and mood changes. Methods: Eleven healthy adult female volunteers performed each BP in a sitting position for 5 min in a resting state. The time required for one breathing for BP-1 (30 breaths/min), BP-2 (20 breaths/min), BP-3 (15 breaths/min), and BP-4 (10 breaths/min) were 2 s, 3 s, 4 s, and 6 s, respectively. The inspiratory/expiratory time of one breathing was 1 s/1 s, 1 s/2 s, 2 s/2 s, and 2 s/4 s. The high-frequency component (HF) and low-frequency component (LF)/HF ratio during and before (control) performing a BP were calculated from heart rate variability data recorded using the wearable biometric information tracer M-BIT. Three mood changes, which are, “pleasure—unpleasure”, “relaxation—tension”, and “sleepiness—arousal”, in the subjects were assessed using the visual analog scale (VAS) before and after performing a BP. Results: Slower breathing induced an increase in HF power and a reduction in LF/HF ratio, indicating increased parasympathetic activity and decreased sympathetic dominance. Furthermore, VAS revealed that slower breathing increased the tendency to feel “pleasure”, “relaxation”, and “sleepiness”. Conclusion: Our results suggest that slower breathing predominates parasympathetic activity in the autonomic nervous system, resulting in a relaxing effect. This result may help lay the foundation for deriving breathing methods that efficiently regulate an individual’s autonomic activity.
文摘Mammography is carried out in a special position, i.e. “an image is taken while the breast is compressed, stretched and kept in a fixed position”. The purpose of this study was to demonstrate quantitatively and qualitatively the physical and psychological burden due to positioning and breast compression during mammography. Muscle activity of each part of the body during positioning for the standard imaging method, to obtain craniocaudal (CC) view images, was measured in 15 adult females using surface EMG. The associated pain was analyzed using visual analogue scale (VAS) scores. During positioning for the CC view, muscle activity was highest in the biceps (24.44 iEMG/s) followed by the trapezius (17.78 iEMG/s) on the imaging side. Muscle activity of the biceps and the sternocleidomastoid on the imaging side showed significant differences compared with pre-imaging activity (biceps P < 0.031, sternocleidomastoid P < 0.005). The pain during mammography was rated as moderate to severe pain (VAS = 3.3 - 6.7) for CC views. As a result, the activities of not only the muscles directly involved in mammography positioning but also those indirectly involved were high as compared with the normal state. Measurement of muscle activity during mammography is expected to be used effectively, such as in the care to reduce pain for the subjects.
基金The authors acknowledge that this work was financially supported by the Scientific and technological project in Henan Province(Grant No.212102110139)the China Agricultural Research System(Grant No.CARS-03)the Henan Engineering Research Center of Biological Pesticide&Fertilizer Development and Synergistic Application.
文摘To reveal the nature of locusts’visual reaction when stimulated by light,and to clarify the regulation characteristics of locusts’phototactic visual physiology and obtain good spectral light features for locusts’phototactic action,this study investigated locusts’visual spectrum response by characterizing their photoreceptive reaction to LED light using an AvaSpec fiber-optic spectrometer system.Locusts’phototactic response to spectral light was compared using this system.The results showed that locusts’visual reaction characterization presents a photo-induced vision spectrum effect and that by offsetting the main wavelength of light and the spectral peak intensity,a time-varying bio-regulation effect emerges.In addition,locusts’visual regulation ability to UV light is higher than that to violet light,whereas their reaction intensity is lower than to violet light,and the visual bio-regulatory force of locusts’visual system absorbing orange light to react sensitively becomes gradually higher than when absorbing green light as time goes on.Moreover,corresponding to nominal illumination with the same radiant energy and a visual spectrum response stimulated by UV,violet,orange,and green light,it appears that the visual spectrum window is symmetrical around 382 nm,400 nm,602 nm,and 530 nm,respectively,with no significant difference between spectral amplitudes and having a time-varying incremental characteristic with amplitude peak width.This indicates that the stimulus intensity of UV,violet,orange,and green light exceeds locusts’visual tolerance,causing them to generate regulation inactivation as a visual physiological reaction,whereas the visual window response effect stimulated by UV light presents an illumination timeliness effect.Simultaneously,time-varying characteristics of locusts’bio-behavior intensity show that light intensity can make up for locusts’visual sensitivity differences at various spectral wavelengths.Presented with differential response time,photosensitive behavior intensity,
文摘A new image compression algorithm is proposed based on local visual activity classification and the investigation of the histograms of the small non-overlapping blocks of the differential and angle image. Histograms of the differential blocks are classified according to their visual activities as Unimodal, Bimodal and Multimodal blocks. According to the histogram shape of the differential block and the mean angle of the same block an optimized quantization table with special coding is applied by taking the advantages of the local visual activities within the block. A considerable compression ratio and visual output improvement compared with the DCT compression algorithm are gained.
