“可视化人体计划(Visible Human Project,VHP)”1989由美国国家医学图书馆提出。1991年8月,美国国家医学图书馆与科罗拉多大学健康科学中心(Health Sciences Center)签订协议,正式启动VHP。由科罗拉多大学完成人体连续横断面图像获取,...“可视化人体计划(Visible Human Project,VHP)”1989由美国国家医学图书馆提出。1991年8月,美国国家医学图书馆与科罗拉多大学健康科学中心(Health Sciences Center)签订协议,正式启动VHP。由科罗拉多大学完成人体连续横断面图像获取,获得一套正常人体的结构数据集。该课题1994年11月完成并向世界公布,引起了世界范围内的可视人数据开发,已经取得了巨大的社会效益和经济效益。此后,韩国、日本。德国、澳大利亚等国纷纷启动了可视人体计划。其中,韩国于2000年启动了韩国可视人(Visible Korean Human,VKH)五年计划(2000.03—2005.02),2001年获得了1例脑瘤死亡人体标本的数据。中国可视化人体的研究,开始于1999年。2002年10月,第三军医大学获得了首例中国数字化可视人体的数据集。此前,信息学领域的科学家利用美国公布的数据集进行了人体可视化的大量前期研究,已经具备了较好的基础。由于VHP研究是适应数字化时代来临的需要,在与人体的结构与功能相关的众多领域具有广泛应用前景的重大科学问题,因此,在国家层面上,部署中国可视化人体计划(Chinese Visible Human Project,CVHP)具有重要的科技战略意义。展开更多
BACKGROUND： It is not possible to reconstruct the inner structure of the spinal cord, such as gray matter and spinal tracts, from the Visual Human Project database or CT and MRI databases, due to low image resolution...BACKGROUND： It is not possible to reconstruct the inner structure of the spinal cord, such as gray matter and spinal tracts, from the Visual Human Project database or CT and MRI databases, due to low image resolution and contrast in macrosection images. OBJECTIVE： To explore a semi-automatic computerized three-dimensional （3D） reconstruction of human spinal cord based on histological serial sections, in order to solve issues such as low contrast. DESIGN, TIME AND SETTING： An experimental study combining serial section techniques and 3D reconstruction, performed in the laboratory of Human Anatomy and Histoembryology at the Medical School of Nantong University during January to April 2008. SETTING： Department of Anatomy, Institute of Neurobiology, Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Neural Regeneration, Laboratory of Image Engineering. MATERIALS： A human lumbar spinal cord segment from fresh autopsy material of an adult male. METHODS： After 4% paraformaldehyde fixation for three days, serial sections of the lumbar spinal cord were cut on a Leica cryostat and mounted on slides in sequence, with eight sections aligned separately on each slide. All sections were stained with Luxol Fast Blue to reveal myelin sheaths. After gradient dehydration and clearing, the stained slides were coverslipped. Sections were observed and images recorded under a light microscope using a digital camera. Six images were acquired at x25 magnification and automatically stitched into a complete section image. After all serial images were obtained, 96 complete serial images of the human lumbar cord segment were automatically processed with ＂Curves＂, ＂Autocontrast＂, ＂Gray scale 8 bit＂, ＂Invert＂, ＂Image resize to 50%＂ steps using Photoshop 7.0 software. All images were added in order into 3D-DOCTOR 4.0 software as a stack, where serial images were automatically realigned with neighboring images and semi-automatically segmented for white matter and gray matter. Finally, simple surface and volume reconstruction 展开更多
The definition of the subscapular bursa （SSB） remains controversial.One researcher demonstrated that SSB was a separate pouch.[l] However,others believed that SSB was actually the superior subscapularis recess （SSR...The definition of the subscapular bursa （SSB） remains controversial.One researcher demonstrated that SSB was a separate pouch.[l] However,others believed that SSB was actually the superior subscapularis recess （SSR）,which is an outpouching of the glenohumeral joint capsule.[4] Whether or not the SSB and SSR are two different bursae must be confirmed.Furthermore,the fluid in the SSR revealed in magnetic resonance （MR） imaging has been regarded as an indication for a diagnosis of frozen shoulder.[3] Considering that the SSB and SSR are two different structures with a close spatial relationship,recognition of the MR appearance of SSB might have important diagnostic implications.The purposes of this study were to describe the anatomy of the SSB using a three-dimensional （3D） visualization technique based on the Chinese visible human （CVH） and to explore the MR appearance of the SSB.展开更多
基金National "863" Project for High-tech Development (2001AA231031 and 2002AA231021) and Guangdong Provincial Science and Technology Foundation (2002B30611)
文摘“可视化人体计划(Visible Human Project,VHP)”1989由美国国家医学图书馆提出。1991年8月,美国国家医学图书馆与科罗拉多大学健康科学中心(Health Sciences Center)签订协议,正式启动VHP。由科罗拉多大学完成人体连续横断面图像获取,获得一套正常人体的结构数据集。该课题1994年11月完成并向世界公布,引起了世界范围内的可视人数据开发,已经取得了巨大的社会效益和经济效益。此后,韩国、日本。德国、澳大利亚等国纷纷启动了可视人体计划。其中,韩国于2000年启动了韩国可视人(Visible Korean Human,VKH)五年计划(2000.03—2005.02),2001年获得了1例脑瘤死亡人体标本的数据。中国可视化人体的研究,开始于1999年。2002年10月,第三军医大学获得了首例中国数字化可视人体的数据集。此前,信息学领域的科学家利用美国公布的数据集进行了人体可视化的大量前期研究,已经具备了较好的基础。由于VHP研究是适应数字化时代来临的需要,在与人体的结构与功能相关的众多领域具有广泛应用前景的重大科学问题,因此,在国家层面上,部署中国可视化人体计划(Chinese Visible Human Project,CVHP)具有重要的科技战略意义。
基金Natural Science Research Plan forJiangsu Colleges, No.05KJB180105 Postgraduate Innovation Cultivating Projectin Jiangsu Province, No.CX07s_035z
文摘BACKGROUND： It is not possible to reconstruct the inner structure of the spinal cord, such as gray matter and spinal tracts, from the Visual Human Project database or CT and MRI databases, due to low image resolution and contrast in macrosection images. OBJECTIVE： To explore a semi-automatic computerized three-dimensional （3D） reconstruction of human spinal cord based on histological serial sections, in order to solve issues such as low contrast. DESIGN, TIME AND SETTING： An experimental study combining serial section techniques and 3D reconstruction, performed in the laboratory of Human Anatomy and Histoembryology at the Medical School of Nantong University during January to April 2008. SETTING： Department of Anatomy, Institute of Neurobiology, Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Neural Regeneration, Laboratory of Image Engineering. MATERIALS： A human lumbar spinal cord segment from fresh autopsy material of an adult male. METHODS： After 4% paraformaldehyde fixation for three days, serial sections of the lumbar spinal cord were cut on a Leica cryostat and mounted on slides in sequence, with eight sections aligned separately on each slide. All sections were stained with Luxol Fast Blue to reveal myelin sheaths. After gradient dehydration and clearing, the stained slides were coverslipped. Sections were observed and images recorded under a light microscope using a digital camera. Six images were acquired at x25 magnification and automatically stitched into a complete section image. After all serial images were obtained, 96 complete serial images of the human lumbar cord segment were automatically processed with ＂Curves＂, ＂Autocontrast＂, ＂Gray scale 8 bit＂, ＂Invert＂, ＂Image resize to 50%＂ steps using Photoshop 7.0 software. All images were added in order into 3D-DOCTOR 4.0 software as a stack, where serial images were automatically realigned with neighboring images and semi-automatically segmented for white matter and gray matter. Finally, simple surface and volume reconstruction
基金This study was supported by grants from the National Key Research and Development program of China （No. 2016YFC1100503）and Military Youth Science Foundation of China （No. 16QNP 100）.
文摘The definition of the subscapular bursa （SSB） remains controversial.One researcher demonstrated that SSB was a separate pouch.[l] However,others believed that SSB was actually the superior subscapularis recess （SSR）,which is an outpouching of the glenohumeral joint capsule.[4] Whether or not the SSB and SSR are two different bursae must be confirmed.Furthermore,the fluid in the SSR revealed in magnetic resonance （MR） imaging has been regarded as an indication for a diagnosis of frozen shoulder.[3] Considering that the SSB and SSR are two different structures with a close spatial relationship,recognition of the MR appearance of SSB might have important diagnostic implications.The purposes of this study were to describe the anatomy of the SSB using a three-dimensional （3D） visualization technique based on the Chinese visible human （CVH） and to explore the MR appearance of the SSB.
