Vesicle trafficking is an essential cellular process upon which many physiological processes of eukaryotic cells rely.It is usually the‘language’of communication among the components of the endomembrane system withi...Vesicle trafficking is an essential cellular process upon which many physiological processes of eukaryotic cells rely.It is usually the‘language’of communication among the components of the endomembrane system within a cell,between cells and between a cell and its external environment.Generally,cells have the potential to internalize membrane-bound vesicles from external sources by endocytosis.Plants constantly interact with both mutualistic and pathogenic microbes.A large part of this interaction involves the exchange of transport vesicles between the plant cells and the microbes.Usually,in a pathogenic interaction,the pathogen releases vesicles containing bioactive molecules that can modulate the host immunity when absorbed by the host cells.In response to this attack,the host cells similarly mobilize some vesicles containing pathogenesis-related compounds to the pathogen infection site to destroy the pathogen,prevent it from penetrating the host cell or annul its influence.In fact,vesicle trafficking is involved in nearly all the strategies of phytopathogen attack subsequent plant immune responses.However,this field of plant-pathogen interaction is still at its infancy when narrowed down to plant-fungal pathogen interaction in relation to exchange of transport vesicles.Herein,we summarized some recent and novel findings unveiling the involvement of transport vesicles as a crosstalk in plant-fungal phytopathogen interaction,discussed their significance and identified some knowledge gaps to direct future research in the field.The roles of vesicles trafficking in the development of both organisms are also established.展开更多
Extracellular vesicles(EVs)have recently received much attention about the application of drug carriers due to their desirable properties such as nano-size,biocompatibility,and high stability.Herein,we demonstrate ora...Extracellular vesicles(EVs)have recently received much attention about the application of drug carriers due to their desirable properties such as nano-size,biocompatibility,and high stability.Herein,we demonstrate orange-derived extracellular vesicles(OEV)nanodrugs(DN@OEV)by modifying cRGD-targeted doxorubicin(DOX)nanoparticles(DN)onto the surface of OEV,enabling significantly enhancing tumor accumulation and penetration,thereby efficiently inhibiting the growth of ovarian cancer.The obtained DN@OEV enabled to inducement of greater transcytosis capability in ovarian cancer cells,which presented the average above 10-fold transcytosis effect compared with individual DN.It was found that DN@OEV could trigger receptor-mediated endocytosis to promote early endosome/recycling endosomes pathway for exocytosis and simultaneously reduce degradation in the early endosomes-late endosomes-lysosome pathway,thereby inducing the enhanced transcytosis.In particular,the zombie mouse model bearing orthotopic ovarian cancer further validated DN@OEV presented high accumulation and penetration in tumor tissue by the transcytosis process.Our study indicated the strategy in enhancing transcytosis has significant implications for improving the therapeutic efficacy of thedrugdelivery system.展开更多
Synaptic vesicles can undergo several modes of exocytosis,endocytosis,and trafficking within individual synapses,and their fates may be linked to different vesicular protein compositions.Here,we mapped the intrasynapt...Synaptic vesicles can undergo several modes of exocytosis,endocytosis,and trafficking within individual synapses,and their fates may be linked to different vesicular protein compositions.Here,we mapped the intrasynaptic distribution of the synaptic vesicle proteins SV2B and SV2A in glutamatergic synapses of the hippocampus using three-dimensional electron microscopy.SV2B was almost completely absent from docked vesicles and a distinct cluster of vesicles found near the active zone.In contrast,SV2A was found in all domains of the synapse and was slightly enriched near the active zone.SV2B and SV2A were found on the membrane in the peri-active zone,suggesting the recycling from both clusters of vesicles.SV2B knockout mice displayed an increased seizure induction threshold only in a model employing high-frequency stimulation.Our data show that glutamatergic synapses generate molecularly distinct populations of synaptic vesicles and are able to maintain them at steep spatial gradients.The almost complete absence of SV2B from vesicles at the active zone of wildtype mice may explain why SV2A has been found more important for vesicle release.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32122071,32272481,31772106)the Natural Science Foundation of Fujian Province(2021J06015).
文摘Vesicle trafficking is an essential cellular process upon which many physiological processes of eukaryotic cells rely.It is usually the‘language’of communication among the components of the endomembrane system within a cell,between cells and between a cell and its external environment.Generally,cells have the potential to internalize membrane-bound vesicles from external sources by endocytosis.Plants constantly interact with both mutualistic and pathogenic microbes.A large part of this interaction involves the exchange of transport vesicles between the plant cells and the microbes.Usually,in a pathogenic interaction,the pathogen releases vesicles containing bioactive molecules that can modulate the host immunity when absorbed by the host cells.In response to this attack,the host cells similarly mobilize some vesicles containing pathogenesis-related compounds to the pathogen infection site to destroy the pathogen,prevent it from penetrating the host cell or annul its influence.In fact,vesicle trafficking is involved in nearly all the strategies of phytopathogen attack subsequent plant immune responses.However,this field of plant-pathogen interaction is still at its infancy when narrowed down to plant-fungal pathogen interaction in relation to exchange of transport vesicles.Herein,we summarized some recent and novel findings unveiling the involvement of transport vesicles as a crosstalk in plant-fungal phytopathogen interaction,discussed their significance and identified some knowledge gaps to direct future research in the field.The roles of vesicles trafficking in the development of both organisms are also established.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(22275080,22075127,and 82073340)the Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province(2022A 1515012044,China).
文摘Extracellular vesicles(EVs)have recently received much attention about the application of drug carriers due to their desirable properties such as nano-size,biocompatibility,and high stability.Herein,we demonstrate orange-derived extracellular vesicles(OEV)nanodrugs(DN@OEV)by modifying cRGD-targeted doxorubicin(DOX)nanoparticles(DN)onto the surface of OEV,enabling significantly enhancing tumor accumulation and penetration,thereby efficiently inhibiting the growth of ovarian cancer.The obtained DN@OEV enabled to inducement of greater transcytosis capability in ovarian cancer cells,which presented the average above 10-fold transcytosis effect compared with individual DN.It was found that DN@OEV could trigger receptor-mediated endocytosis to promote early endosome/recycling endosomes pathway for exocytosis and simultaneously reduce degradation in the early endosomes-late endosomes-lysosome pathway,thereby inducing the enhanced transcytosis.In particular,the zombie mouse model bearing orthotopic ovarian cancer further validated DN@OEV presented high accumulation and penetration in tumor tissue by the transcytosis process.Our study indicated the strategy in enhancing transcytosis has significant implications for improving the therapeutic efficacy of thedrugdelivery system.
基金supported by grants from Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft(DFG)(SFB1089,SCHO 820/4-1,SCHO 820/6-1,SCHO 820/7-1,SCHO 820/5-2,and SPP1757 to S.S.,SFB1089,SPP1757,INST117215,DI853/3-5&7,and INST 217/785-1 to D.D.),the BONFOR program of the University of Bonn Medical Center(S.S.and D.D.),and UCB Pharma.
文摘Synaptic vesicles can undergo several modes of exocytosis,endocytosis,and trafficking within individual synapses,and their fates may be linked to different vesicular protein compositions.Here,we mapped the intrasynaptic distribution of the synaptic vesicle proteins SV2B and SV2A in glutamatergic synapses of the hippocampus using three-dimensional electron microscopy.SV2B was almost completely absent from docked vesicles and a distinct cluster of vesicles found near the active zone.In contrast,SV2A was found in all domains of the synapse and was slightly enriched near the active zone.SV2B and SV2A were found on the membrane in the peri-active zone,suggesting the recycling from both clusters of vesicles.SV2B knockout mice displayed an increased seizure induction threshold only in a model employing high-frequency stimulation.Our data show that glutamatergic synapses generate molecularly distinct populations of synaptic vesicles and are able to maintain them at steep spatial gradients.The almost complete absence of SV2B from vesicles at the active zone of wildtype mice may explain why SV2A has been found more important for vesicle release.
