Freshwater input such as runoff and rainfall can enhance stratification in the Bay of Bengal(BOB) through the formation of a "barrier layer",which can lead to the formation of a temperature inversion.The aut...Freshwater input such as runoff and rainfall can enhance stratification in the Bay of Bengal(BOB) through the formation of a "barrier layer",which can lead to the formation of a temperature inversion.The authors focused on the temperature inversion in spring,especially before the onset of the summer monsoon,because previous research has mainly focused on the temperature inversion in winter.Using the hydrographic data from two cruises performed during 24-30 April 2010 and 1-4 May 2011,the authors found that inversions appeared at two out of nine Conductivity-Temperature-Depth Recorder(CTD) stations across the 10°N section and at seven out of 13 CTD stations across the 6°N section in the BOB.In 2010,the inversions(at stations N02 and N05) occurred at depths of approximately 50-60 meters,and their formation was caused by the advection of cold water over warm water.In 2010,the N02 inversion was mainly influenced by the warm saline water from the east sinking below the cold freshwater from the west,while the N05 inversion was affected by the warm saline water from its west sinking below the cold freshwater from its east.In 2011,the inversions appeared at depths of 20-40 meters(at stations S01,S02,S07,S08,and S09) and near 50 m(S12 and S13).The inversions in 2011 were mainly caused by the net heat loss of the ocean along the 6°N section.展开更多
In this paper, we investigate some new properties of the incompressible Euler and Navier-Stokes equations by studying a 3D model for axisymmetric 3D incompressible Euler and Navier-Stokes equations with swirl. The 3D ...In this paper, we investigate some new properties of the incompressible Euler and Navier-Stokes equations by studying a 3D model for axisymmetric 3D incompressible Euler and Navier-Stokes equations with swirl. The 3D model is derived by reformulating the axisymmetric 3D incompressible Euler and Navier-Stokes equations and then neglecting the convection term of the resulting equations. Some properties of this 3D model are reviewed. Finally, some potential features of the incompressible Euler and Navier-Stokes equations such as the stabilizing effect of the convection are presented.展开更多
We examined the effect of sleep deprivation on self-motion perception (vection). We measured the strength of vection, its latency, and its duration in two conditions: Sleep-Deprivation and Normal-Sleep (by using the b...We examined the effect of sleep deprivation on self-motion perception (vection). We measured the strength of vection, its latency, and its duration in two conditions: Sleep-Deprivation and Normal-Sleep (by using the between-subject design). For the Sleep-Deprivation condition, participants did not sleep for about 20 hours. We also recorded subjective sleepiness with a subjective rating scale that was filled out by the participants. Results showed that vection strength did not differ between the two conditions. Sleep deprivation did not have any clear effect on vection. As expected, subjective sleepiness significantly increased following sleep deprivation. Further, subjective sleepiness significantly correlated with vection latency and duration only in the Normal-Sleep condition. Vection was immune to sleep deprivation. We conclude that when people are not deprived of sleep, sleepiness can enhance the perceived strength of vection.展开更多
基金supported by the National Basic Research Program of China(973 Program):the impact of Southern Ocean-Indian Ocean air-sea processes on East Asia and theglobal climate change(Grant No.2010CB950300)the National Foundation of the Indian Ocean Opening Voyage Project(Grant Nos. 41149903 and 41049908)+2 种基金the Knowledge Innovation Programs of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(Grant No.2011CB403504)the Knowledge Innovation Project for Distinguished Young Scholar of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(Grant No.KZCX2-EW-QN203)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos. U0733002 and 41006011)
文摘Freshwater input such as runoff and rainfall can enhance stratification in the Bay of Bengal(BOB) through the formation of a "barrier layer",which can lead to the formation of a temperature inversion.The authors focused on the temperature inversion in spring,especially before the onset of the summer monsoon,because previous research has mainly focused on the temperature inversion in winter.Using the hydrographic data from two cruises performed during 24-30 April 2010 and 1-4 May 2011,the authors found that inversions appeared at two out of nine Conductivity-Temperature-Depth Recorder(CTD) stations across the 10°N section and at seven out of 13 CTD stations across the 6°N section in the BOB.In 2010,the inversions(at stations N02 and N05) occurred at depths of approximately 50-60 meters,and their formation was caused by the advection of cold water over warm water.In 2010,the N02 inversion was mainly influenced by the warm saline water from the east sinking below the cold freshwater from the west,while the N05 inversion was affected by the warm saline water from its west sinking below the cold freshwater from its east.In 2011,the inversions appeared at depths of 20-40 meters(at stations S01,S02,S07,S08,and S09) and near 50 m(S12 and S13).The inversions in 2011 were mainly caused by the net heat loss of the ocean along the 6°N section.
基金supported by National Basic Research Program of China(973 Program, 2011CB808002)the NSFC (11071009)PHR-IHLB (200906103)
文摘In this paper, we investigate some new properties of the incompressible Euler and Navier-Stokes equations by studying a 3D model for axisymmetric 3D incompressible Euler and Navier-Stokes equations with swirl. The 3D model is derived by reformulating the axisymmetric 3D incompressible Euler and Navier-Stokes equations and then neglecting the convection term of the resulting equations. Some properties of this 3D model are reviewed. Finally, some potential features of the incompressible Euler and Navier-Stokes equations such as the stabilizing effect of the convection are presented.
文摘We examined the effect of sleep deprivation on self-motion perception (vection). We measured the strength of vection, its latency, and its duration in two conditions: Sleep-Deprivation and Normal-Sleep (by using the between-subject design). For the Sleep-Deprivation condition, participants did not sleep for about 20 hours. We also recorded subjective sleepiness with a subjective rating scale that was filled out by the participants. Results showed that vection strength did not differ between the two conditions. Sleep deprivation did not have any clear effect on vection. As expected, subjective sleepiness significantly increased following sleep deprivation. Further, subjective sleepiness significantly correlated with vection latency and duration only in the Normal-Sleep condition. Vection was immune to sleep deprivation. We conclude that when people are not deprived of sleep, sleepiness can enhance the perceived strength of vection.
基金The national high technology research and development program of China(863 project)(2011AA050507)the national natural science foundation of China(61006050,61076051)+1 种基金the natural science foundation of Beijing(2151004)the fundamental research funds for central universities(13ZD05)
