Detailed examination of sedimentary cores retrieved from Sugan Lake in the northern Qaidam Basin of northwest China’s Tibetan Plateau reveal that fine laminated beddings form in the sediments where water depth exceed...Detailed examination of sedimentary cores retrieved from Sugan Lake in the northern Qaidam Basin of northwest China’s Tibetan Plateau reveal that fine laminated beddings form in the sediments where water depth exceeds 3 m. Seasonal surface sediments trapped at the bottom of the lake suggest that sediments deposited during summer and autumn are mainly light colored monohydrocalcites, while those deposited in winter are dark organic matter, indicating that varve layers form under modern limnological conditions. Continuous varve sediments comprising four types have accumulated in the upper 5.5 m of Core SG03I from the center of the lake. All types exhibit clear seasonality indicative of annual deposition. Varve counts correspondence with 210Pb dates on recent sediments in the upper core suggest the continuous varves of the upper 5.5 m of the core formed in the late Holocene (2670 a BP). The Sugan Lake varve sequence is the first demonstration of annually laminated sediments re-ported in arid western China.展开更多
Varve counts with AMS 14 C,137 Cs and 210 Pb dating of sediments(0-900 cm) from Erlongwan Maar Lake,NE China were used to establish a high-resolution chronology series for the late Quaternary.Dry density,total organic...Varve counts with AMS 14 C,137 Cs and 210 Pb dating of sediments(0-900 cm) from Erlongwan Maar Lake,NE China were used to establish a high-resolution chronology series for the late Quaternary.Dry density,total organic carbon(TOC) content,total nitrogen(TN) content,TOC/TN ratios and stable organic carbon isotope(13 C org) ratios were continuously analyzed on this sediment profile.On the basis of lithological characters,sporo-pollen assemblages and geochemical analyses,we identified 6 climate stages within the last 14 ka BP.The time before the Holocene(14-11.4 ka BP) represents a higher-order oscillation climatic transitional period(I).The entire Holocene climate development(from 11.4 ka BP to present) exhibited an increasing temperature trend,although there were cold and warm alternations(II-VI).The periods included were:II(11.4-9.05 ka BP) warm-wet stage,III(9.05-7.4 ka BP) cold and warm fluctuation stage,IV(7.4-4.2 ka BP) smoothly warming climate stage,V(4.2-1.67 ka BP) climate optimum stage,and VI(from 1.67 ka BP to present) cool and drier stage.Each climate stage began with a warming event and ended with an abrupt cooling event.This climate change cycle had unequal time spaces that were progressively shorter over time.Several abrupt climate shifts occurred at about 9.4-9.05,8.5-8.2,7.8-7.4,4.6-4.2,3.7-3.25,2-1.67 and 0.3-0.03 ka BP.Thus,it can be seen that the climate has been warming since 1920 AD,which indicates a new climate stage.展开更多
普遍认为黄河上游积石峡地区厚约30m的纹泥沉积是由于大型滑坡堵江形成的,然而,滑坡堵江时代以及堵江形成的堰塞湖纹泥沉积历时仍有争议。为了探讨研究区大型滑坡堵江时代及纹泥沉积历程,文中在纹泥底部和顶部各采集1个样品进行14C年代...普遍认为黄河上游积石峡地区厚约30m的纹泥沉积是由于大型滑坡堵江形成的,然而,滑坡堵江时代以及堵江形成的堰塞湖纹泥沉积历时仍有争议。为了探讨研究区大型滑坡堵江时代及纹泥沉积历程,文中在纹泥底部和顶部各采集1个样品进行14C年代测定。纹泥底部样品的14C年代为9016±425 cal a B.P.,纹泥顶部样品的14C年代为7984±334 cal a B.P.。研究结果表明:黄河上游积石峡地区曾在全新世早期距今约9ka左右发生过大型堵江事件,纹泥沉积的沉积历程约为1ka,这与前人利用纹泥层厚度估算的沉积历程相吻合。该研究可为下游地区第四纪时期文明演化的研究提供一些新的参考。展开更多
Fine-grained carbonate rocks, which extensively occur in the Eocene strata in the Shulu sag, Bohai Bay Basin, North China, represent an unconventional, fine-grained carbonate reservoir. However, previous studies have ...Fine-grained carbonate rocks, which extensively occur in the Eocene strata in the Shulu sag, Bohai Bay Basin, North China, represent an unconventional, fine-grained carbonate reservoir. However, previous studies have ignored the complexity of the lithofacies components and their formation mechanisms. Fine-grained carbonate rocks are typical reservoirs in which hydrocarbons form and gather. A better understanding of the nature of these rocks is extremely important for evaluating the quality of unconventional, fine-grained carbonate reservoirs. Various lithofacies components were discriminated in this study with a combination of petrographic observations and carbon isotope analyses. These finegrained carbonate rocks comprise terrigenous, biogenic and diagenetic materials. Terrigenous input and biologically induced precipitation are the main sources of the materials in the lake. Five lithofacies were identified based on the observations of sedimentary features（core and thin section） and mineralogical data：（1） varve-like laminated calcilutite,（2） graded laminated calcilutite,（3） interlaminated calcisiltitecalcilutite,（4） massive calcilutite, and（5） massive calcisiltite-calcarenite. Their origins were recorded by various lithofacies components, which are controlled by the interactions of physical, chemical and biological processes. This study indicated that the lithology of the bedrocks was the key factor controlling carbonate accumulation. The tectonics and climate can influence the weathering and types of lithofacies. Primary productivity controlled the precipitation of the endogenic calcite. These factors jointly determined the abundant fine-grained carbonate rocks that have accumulated in the Shulu sag.展开更多
Characteristics of organic matter content, hydrocarbon generation and expulsion of carbonate rocks are discussed by analysis of organic carbon and pyrolysis. There is a strong inhomogeneity in distribution of organic ...Characteristics of organic matter content, hydrocarbon generation and expulsion of carbonate rocks are discussed by analysis of organic carbon and pyrolysis. There is a strong inhomogeneity in distribution of organic matter in carbonate rocks. The organic matter abundance is higher in stylolites, carbonate varves or marls, while it is the lowest in matrixes (purer carbonate rocks around stylolites). Because of stable thickness and broad area, marls and carbonate varves may become good source rocks. At the same depth, stylolites, carbonate varves and matrixes generate and expel hydrocarbons almost at the same time. Expulsion efficiency of carbonate varve is the highest; that of rnatrixes is the lowest and that of stylolites is between marl’s or carbonate varve’s and matrix’s.展开更多
1 Introduction Meromictic Shira Lake is a good represfor detail climate modeling due to its locainformation and annually laminated bottomsediment column of 155 cm in length wahammer corer in the deepest(24 m)central i...1 Introduction Meromictic Shira Lake is a good represfor detail climate modeling due to its locainformation and annually laminated bottomsediment column of 155 cm in length wahammer corer in the deepest(24 m)central in 2009.2 Sample Preparations and Measuring展开更多
1 Introduction Annually laminated(varve)sedimentary deposits are considered as one of the most important archives,since they offer precise temporal information(years)in combination with high time resolutions.Bottom se...1 Introduction Annually laminated(varve)sedimentary deposits are considered as one of the most important archives,since they offer precise temporal information(years)in combination with high time resolutions.Bottom sediments of the lakes contain detailed geochemical information on展开更多
We developed a software performing laminae counting, thickness measurements, spectral and wavelet analysis of laminated sediments embedded signal. We validated the software on varved sediments. Varved laminae are auto...We developed a software performing laminae counting, thickness measurements, spectral and wavelet analysis of laminated sediments embedded signal. We validated the software on varved sediments. Varved laminae are automatically counted using an image analysis classification method based on K-Nearest Neighbors (KNN) algorithm. In a next step, the signal corresponding to varved black laminae thickness variation is retrieved. The obtained signal is a good proxy to study the paleoclimatic constraints controlling sedimentation. Finally, the use of spectral and wavelet analysis methods on the variation of black laminae thickness revealed the existence of frequencies and periods which can be linked to known paleoclimatic events.展开更多
基金the NSFC (National Natural Science Foundation of China)National Innovation Research Team Project (Grant No. 40421101)the NSFC Research Projects (Grant Nos. 40301050 and 40301051)
文摘Detailed examination of sedimentary cores retrieved from Sugan Lake in the northern Qaidam Basin of northwest China’s Tibetan Plateau reveal that fine laminated beddings form in the sediments where water depth exceeds 3 m. Seasonal surface sediments trapped at the bottom of the lake suggest that sediments deposited during summer and autumn are mainly light colored monohydrocalcites, while those deposited in winter are dark organic matter, indicating that varve layers form under modern limnological conditions. Continuous varve sediments comprising four types have accumulated in the upper 5.5 m of Core SG03I from the center of the lake. All types exhibit clear seasonality indicative of annual deposition. Varve counts correspondence with 210Pb dates on recent sediments in the upper core suggest the continuous varves of the upper 5.5 m of the core formed in the late Holocene (2670 a BP). The Sugan Lake varve sequence is the first demonstration of annually laminated sediments re-ported in arid western China.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (40802038)the President Fund of GUCAS
文摘Varve counts with AMS 14 C,137 Cs and 210 Pb dating of sediments(0-900 cm) from Erlongwan Maar Lake,NE China were used to establish a high-resolution chronology series for the late Quaternary.Dry density,total organic carbon(TOC) content,total nitrogen(TN) content,TOC/TN ratios and stable organic carbon isotope(13 C org) ratios were continuously analyzed on this sediment profile.On the basis of lithological characters,sporo-pollen assemblages and geochemical analyses,we identified 6 climate stages within the last 14 ka BP.The time before the Holocene(14-11.4 ka BP) represents a higher-order oscillation climatic transitional period(I).The entire Holocene climate development(from 11.4 ka BP to present) exhibited an increasing temperature trend,although there were cold and warm alternations(II-VI).The periods included were:II(11.4-9.05 ka BP) warm-wet stage,III(9.05-7.4 ka BP) cold and warm fluctuation stage,IV(7.4-4.2 ka BP) smoothly warming climate stage,V(4.2-1.67 ka BP) climate optimum stage,and VI(from 1.67 ka BP to present) cool and drier stage.Each climate stage began with a warming event and ended with an abrupt cooling event.This climate change cycle had unequal time spaces that were progressively shorter over time.Several abrupt climate shifts occurred at about 9.4-9.05,8.5-8.2,7.8-7.4,4.6-4.2,3.7-3.25,2-1.67 and 0.3-0.03 ka BP.Thus,it can be seen that the climate has been warming since 1920 AD,which indicates a new climate stage.
基金supported by Pan-Third Pole Environment Study for a Green Silk Road of the Strategic Priority Research Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences(XDA20090000)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2018YFA0606400)+1 种基金Part laboratory and fieldwork costs were supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(41772178,91747207,and 41620104007)Field expedition was supported by the Second Tibetan Plateau Scientific Expedition(2019QZKK0601)。
文摘普遍认为黄河上游积石峡地区厚约30m的纹泥沉积是由于大型滑坡堵江形成的,然而,滑坡堵江时代以及堵江形成的堰塞湖纹泥沉积历时仍有争议。为了探讨研究区大型滑坡堵江时代及纹泥沉积历程,文中在纹泥底部和顶部各采集1个样品进行14C年代测定。纹泥底部样品的14C年代为9016±425 cal a B.P.,纹泥顶部样品的14C年代为7984±334 cal a B.P.。研究结果表明:黄河上游积石峡地区曾在全新世早期距今约9ka左右发生过大型堵江事件,纹泥沉积的沉积历程约为1ka,这与前人利用纹泥层厚度估算的沉积历程相吻合。该研究可为下游地区第四纪时期文明演化的研究提供一些新的参考。
基金provided by the National Major Research Program for Science and Technology of China (No. 2017ZX05009-002)the National Natural Science Fund (No. 41772090)
文摘Fine-grained carbonate rocks, which extensively occur in the Eocene strata in the Shulu sag, Bohai Bay Basin, North China, represent an unconventional, fine-grained carbonate reservoir. However, previous studies have ignored the complexity of the lithofacies components and their formation mechanisms. Fine-grained carbonate rocks are typical reservoirs in which hydrocarbons form and gather. A better understanding of the nature of these rocks is extremely important for evaluating the quality of unconventional, fine-grained carbonate reservoirs. Various lithofacies components were discriminated in this study with a combination of petrographic observations and carbon isotope analyses. These finegrained carbonate rocks comprise terrigenous, biogenic and diagenetic materials. Terrigenous input and biologically induced precipitation are the main sources of the materials in the lake. Five lithofacies were identified based on the observations of sedimentary features（core and thin section） and mineralogical data：（1） varve-like laminated calcilutite,（2） graded laminated calcilutite,（3） interlaminated calcisiltitecalcilutite,（4） massive calcilutite, and（5） massive calcisiltite-calcarenite. Their origins were recorded by various lithofacies components, which are controlled by the interactions of physical, chemical and biological processes. This study indicated that the lithology of the bedrocks was the key factor controlling carbonate accumulation. The tectonics and climate can influence the weathering and types of lithofacies. Primary productivity controlled the precipitation of the endogenic calcite. These factors jointly determined the abundant fine-grained carbonate rocks that have accumulated in the Shulu sag.
基金Project supported by the Science and Technology Research of the 9th Five-Year Plan from China National Petroleum & Gas Company.
文摘Characteristics of organic matter content, hydrocarbon generation and expulsion of carbonate rocks are discussed by analysis of organic carbon and pyrolysis. There is a strong inhomogeneity in distribution of organic matter in carbonate rocks. The organic matter abundance is higher in stylolites, carbonate varves or marls, while it is the lowest in matrixes (purer carbonate rocks around stylolites). Because of stable thickness and broad area, marls and carbonate varves may become good source rocks. At the same depth, stylolites, carbonate varves and matrixes generate and expel hydrocarbons almost at the same time. Expulsion efficiency of carbonate varve is the highest; that of rnatrixes is the lowest and that of stylolites is between marl’s or carbonate varve’s and matrix’s.
基金supported by the RFBR projects 13-05-00871,14-02-00631
文摘1 Introduction Meromictic Shira Lake is a good represfor detail climate modeling due to its locainformation and annually laminated bottomsediment column of 155 cm in length wahammer corer in the deepest(24 m)central in 2009.2 Sample Preparations and Measuring
基金supported by the RFBR projects 13-05-00871,14-02-00631
文摘1 Introduction Annually laminated(varve)sedimentary deposits are considered as one of the most important archives,since they offer precise temporal information(years)in combination with high time resolutions.Bottom sediments of the lakes contain detailed geochemical information on
文摘We developed a software performing laminae counting, thickness measurements, spectral and wavelet analysis of laminated sediments embedded signal. We validated the software on varved sediments. Varved laminae are automatically counted using an image analysis classification method based on K-Nearest Neighbors (KNN) algorithm. In a next step, the signal corresponding to varved black laminae thickness variation is retrieved. The obtained signal is a good proxy to study the paleoclimatic constraints controlling sedimentation. Finally, the use of spectral and wavelet analysis methods on the variation of black laminae thickness revealed the existence of frequencies and periods which can be linked to known paleoclimatic events.
