A variety of turbulence models were used to perform numerical simulations of heat transfer for hydrocarbon fuel flowing upward and downward through uniformly heated vertical pipes at supercritical pressure. Inlet temp...A variety of turbulence models were used to perform numerical simulations of heat transfer for hydrocarbon fuel flowing upward and downward through uniformly heated vertical pipes at supercritical pressure. Inlet temperatures varied from 373 K to 663 K, with heat flux rang- ing from 300 kW/m2 to 550 kW/m2. Comparative analyses between predicted and experimental results were used to evaluate the ability of turbulence models to respond to variable thermophysical properties of hydrocarbon fuel at supercritical pressure. It was found that the prediction performance of turbulence models is mainly determined by the damping function, which enables them to respond differently to local flow conditions. Although prediction accuracy for experimental results varied from condition to condition, the shear stress transport （SST） and launder and sharma models performed better than all other models used in the study. For very small buoyancy-influenced runs, the thermal-induced acceleration due to variations in density lead to the impairment of heat transfer occurring in the vicinity of pseudo-critical points, and heat transfer was enhanced at higher temperatures through the combined action of four thermophysical properties： density, viscosity, thermal conductivity and specific heat. For very large buoyancy- influenced runs, the thermal-induced acceleration effect was over predicted by the LS and AB models.展开更多
Simultaneous two-way classical and quantum(STCQ)communication combines both continuous classical coherent optical communication and continuous-variable quantum key distribution(CVQKD),which eliminates all detection-re...Simultaneous two-way classical and quantum(STCQ)communication combines both continuous classical coherent optical communication and continuous-variable quantum key distribution(CVQKD),which eliminates all detection-related imperfections by being measurement-device-independent(MDI).In this paper,we propose a protocol relying on STCQ communication on the oceanic quantum channel,in which the superposition-modulation-based coherent states depend on the information bits of both the secret key and the classical communication ciphertext.We analyse the encoding combination in classical communication and consider the probability distribution transmittance under seawater turbulence with various interference factors.Our numerical simulations of various practical scenarios demonstrate that the proposed protocol can simultaneously enable two-way classical communication and CV-MDI QKD with just a slight performance degradation transmission distance compared to the original CV-MDI QKD scheme.Moreover,the asymmetric situation outperforms the symmetric case in terms of transmission distance and optical modulation variance.We further take into consideration the impact of finite-size effects to illustrate the applicability of the proposed scheme in practical scenarios.The results show the feasibility of the underwater STCQ scheme,which contributes toward developing a global quantum communication network in free space.展开更多
The basic governing equations and boundary conditions are deduced in general curve coordination system from natural variable-density turbulence which is two-phase flow with sediment. A new 27-point three-dimensional f...The basic governing equations and boundary conditions are deduced in general curve coordination system from natural variable-density turbulence which is two-phase flow with sediment. A new 27-point three-dimensional finite analytic discretization scheme and competent velocity formula for non-uniform bed material are applied to the calculation of the float open caisson in construction period. It is shown that good accuracy and adaptation are obtained in the calculation of two-phase flow with sediment and variable-density as well as complex boundary.展开更多
In this paper, using Navier-Stokes equations and Reynolds time-averaged rules, the turbulent motional differential equations of variable density and variable viscosity Newtonian fluid have been presented, and the turb...In this paper, using Navier-Stokes equations and Reynolds time-averaged rules, the turbulent motional differential equations of variable density and variable viscosity Newtonian fluid have been presented, and the turbulent motional differential equations of variable density and variable viscosity Newtonian fluid in open channel have been further proposed. The concepts of the density turbulence stress and the viscosity turbulence stress have been firstly presented in the paper.展开更多
This paper deduces the variable-density equations and boundary conditions in the general curve coordinate system; A new 27-Point finite analytic discretization scheme is derived utilizing the superposition of the loca...This paper deduces the variable-density equations and boundary conditions in the general curve coordinate system; A new 27-Point finite analytic discretization scheme is derived utilizing the superposition of the local analytic solutions of linearized two-dimensional convection-diffujon equations; The competent velocity formula of non-uniform bed sediment near the rivur boundary is also researched in the paper.展开更多
基金funding support from National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.51406005)Defense Industrial Technology Development Program of China (No.B2120132006)
文摘A variety of turbulence models were used to perform numerical simulations of heat transfer for hydrocarbon fuel flowing upward and downward through uniformly heated vertical pipes at supercritical pressure. Inlet temperatures varied from 373 K to 663 K, with heat flux rang- ing from 300 kW/m2 to 550 kW/m2. Comparative analyses between predicted and experimental results were used to evaluate the ability of turbulence models to respond to variable thermophysical properties of hydrocarbon fuel at supercritical pressure. It was found that the prediction performance of turbulence models is mainly determined by the damping function, which enables them to respond differently to local flow conditions. Although prediction accuracy for experimental results varied from condition to condition, the shear stress transport （SST） and launder and sharma models performed better than all other models used in the study. For very small buoyancy-influenced runs, the thermal-induced acceleration due to variations in density lead to the impairment of heat transfer occurring in the vicinity of pseudo-critical points, and heat transfer was enhanced at higher temperatures through the combined action of four thermophysical properties： density, viscosity, thermal conductivity and specific heat. For very large buoyancy- influenced runs, the thermal-induced acceleration effect was over predicted by the LS and AB models.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 61871407)the Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province (Grant No. 2021JJ30878)+2 种基金the Key Project of Research and Development Plan of Hunan Province (Grant Nos. 2020GK4063, 2022GK2016)the support from the Optoelectronic Information Center of Central South UniversityHunan Railway Engineering Machinery Electrohydraulic Control Engineering Technology Research Center
文摘Simultaneous two-way classical and quantum(STCQ)communication combines both continuous classical coherent optical communication and continuous-variable quantum key distribution(CVQKD),which eliminates all detection-related imperfections by being measurement-device-independent(MDI).In this paper,we propose a protocol relying on STCQ communication on the oceanic quantum channel,in which the superposition-modulation-based coherent states depend on the information bits of both the secret key and the classical communication ciphertext.We analyse the encoding combination in classical communication and consider the probability distribution transmittance under seawater turbulence with various interference factors.Our numerical simulations of various practical scenarios demonstrate that the proposed protocol can simultaneously enable two-way classical communication and CV-MDI QKD with just a slight performance degradation transmission distance compared to the original CV-MDI QKD scheme.Moreover,the asymmetric situation outperforms the symmetric case in terms of transmission distance and optical modulation variance.We further take into consideration the impact of finite-size effects to illustrate the applicability of the proposed scheme in practical scenarios.The results show the feasibility of the underwater STCQ scheme,which contributes toward developing a global quantum communication network in free space.
文摘The basic governing equations and boundary conditions are deduced in general curve coordination system from natural variable-density turbulence which is two-phase flow with sediment. A new 27-point three-dimensional finite analytic discretization scheme and competent velocity formula for non-uniform bed material are applied to the calculation of the float open caisson in construction period. It is shown that good accuracy and adaptation are obtained in the calculation of two-phase flow with sediment and variable-density as well as complex boundary.
文摘In this paper, using Navier-Stokes equations and Reynolds time-averaged rules, the turbulent motional differential equations of variable density and variable viscosity Newtonian fluid have been presented, and the turbulent motional differential equations of variable density and variable viscosity Newtonian fluid in open channel have been further proposed. The concepts of the density turbulence stress and the viscosity turbulence stress have been firstly presented in the paper.
文摘This paper deduces the variable-density equations and boundary conditions in the general curve coordinate system; A new 27-Point finite analytic discretization scheme is derived utilizing the superposition of the local analytic solutions of linearized two-dimensional convection-diffujon equations; The competent velocity formula of non-uniform bed sediment near the rivur boundary is also researched in the paper.
