The carbonate-hosted Pb–Zn deposits in the Sanjiang metallogenic belt on the Tibetan Plateau are typical of MVT Pb–Zn deposits that form in thrust-fold belts. The Jiamoshan Pb–Zn deposit is located in the Changdu a...The carbonate-hosted Pb–Zn deposits in the Sanjiang metallogenic belt on the Tibetan Plateau are typical of MVT Pb–Zn deposits that form in thrust-fold belts. The Jiamoshan Pb–Zn deposit is located in the Changdu area in the middle part of the Sanjiang belt, and it represents a new style of MVT deposit that was controlled by karst structures in a thrust–fold system. Such a karst-controlled MVT Pb–Zn deposit in thrust settings has not previously been described in detail, and we therefore mapped the geology of the deposit and undertook a detailed study of its genesis. The karst structures that host the Jiamoshan deposit were formed in Triassic limestones along secondary reverse faults, and the orebodies have irregular tubular shapes. The main sulfide minerals are galena, sphalerite, and pyrite that occur in massive and lamellar form. The ore-forming fluids belonged to a Mg2+–Na+–K+–SO2-4–Cl-–F-–NO-3–H2 O system at low temperatures(120–130°C) but with high salinities(19–22% NaCl eq.). We have recognized basinal brine as the source of the ore-forming fluids on the basis of their H–O isotopic compositions(-145‰ to-93‰ for δDV-SMOW and-2.22‰ to 13.00‰ for δ18 Ofluid), the ratios of Cl/Br(14–1196) and Na/Br(16–586) in the hydrothermal fluids, and the C–O isotopic compositions of calcite(-5.0‰ to 3.7‰ for δ13 CV-PDB and 15.1‰ to 22.3‰ for δ18 OV-SMOW). These fluids may have been derived from evaporated seawater trapped in marine strata at depth or from Paleogene–Neogene basins on the surface. The δ34 S values are low in the galena(-3.2‰ to 0.6‰) but high in the barite(27.1‰), indicating that the reduced sulfur came from gypsum in the regional Cenozoic basins and from sulfates in trapped paleo-seawater by bacterial sulfate reduction. The Pb isotopic compositions of the galena samples(18.3270–18.3482 for 206 Pb/204 Pb, 15.6345–15.6390 for 207 Pb/204 Pb, and 38.5503–38.5582 for 208 Pb/204 Pb) are similar to those of the regional Triassic volcanic-arc ro展开更多
Based on the theory of dissipative structures and moving character-parameters of elements,this paper examines the characteristics of the geological general field of volcanic belt in the Lancang rift valley,west Yunnan...Based on the theory of dissipative structures and moving character-parameters of elements,this paper examines the characteristics of the geological general field of volcanic belt in the Lancang rift valley,west Yunnan,China-with an open system and lower pressure environment,the volcanic belt is characterized by a large scale continuously graduating dissipative structure and three orders of concentrated minerogenetic material fields,and by the energy fields that influence the time and space structure of material fields.The research shows that the third order minerogenetic material fields which surround volcanic eruptive centers and have hydrothermal superposition and reconstruction after the magma stage possess favorable prognosis targets for copper polymetal.展开更多
长江中下游成矿带的宁芜和庐枞火山岩盆地中发育了大量与早白垩世(约130 Ma)陆相火山-侵入岩有关的玢岩铁矿。这类矿床的特征为具有磁铁矿-磷灰石-阳起石(透辉石)矿物组合,在国际上一般被称为铁氧化物-磷灰石型(Iron O xide-Apatite,IOA...长江中下游成矿带的宁芜和庐枞火山岩盆地中发育了大量与早白垩世(约130 Ma)陆相火山-侵入岩有关的玢岩铁矿。这类矿床的特征为具有磁铁矿-磷灰石-阳起石(透辉石)矿物组合,在国际上一般被称为铁氧化物-磷灰石型(Iron O xide-Apatite,IOA)或基鲁纳型(Kiruna-type)矿床。玢岩铁矿的概念自20世纪70年代提出以来,其成因就一直存在争议,主要有矿浆、岩浆热液及矿浆-热液过渡的观点。近年来的高精度年代学揭示出宁芜和庐枞盆地内玢岩铁矿在约130 Ma集中爆发成矿。矿物学、岩石学及地球化学的综合研究表明成矿物质主要来源于次火山岩体,且成矿早期流体具有高温(550~780℃)和超高盐度(可达90%NaCleq)的特点。这些特点与成矿岩体及周围火山岩在成矿早阶段发育大规模钠质蚀变相吻合;但同时S-Sr等同位素和流体包裹体成分分析表明在铁成矿过程中还有外来壳源(如膏盐层物质)流体的加入。一些研究工作还表明玢岩铁矿与夕卡岩型铁矿具有相似的热液蚀变演化过程,暗示两者或许存在某些成因联系,很可能是相似流体与不同性质围岩及在不同温度下水岩交代产物。这些新的证据为探讨玢岩铁矿的成矿作用过程和成因机制提供了新的制约,也带来了新问题。本文从成岩成矿年代学、成矿物质来源、成矿早期流体性质、玢岩铁矿与夕卡岩铁矿及其外围新发现的金铜矿化的成因联系等角度,对近年来长江中下游成矿带玢岩铁矿研究的主要新进展进行初步总结。当前IOA型矿床的成因研究成为国际上矿床学研究的一个热点,除了长期争论的矿浆成因和岩浆热液成因,最近提出多个了岩浆-热液复合成矿模型,如岩浆磁铁矿-气泡悬浮模型及富水铁熔体的上升、脱气和侵位成因模型。将IOA型矿床成因争论的焦点逐渐聚焦在岩浆到岩浆后(岩浆热液)阶段,铁质究竟是以含铁岩浆�展开更多
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant No.2016YFC0600306)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos 41773042,41922022,41773043,41772088,91962105 and 41702082)+1 种基金the independent research project from Key Laboratory of DeepEarth Dynamics of the Ministry of Natural Resources(Grant No.J1901-6)the IGCP-662 program。
文摘The carbonate-hosted Pb–Zn deposits in the Sanjiang metallogenic belt on the Tibetan Plateau are typical of MVT Pb–Zn deposits that form in thrust-fold belts. The Jiamoshan Pb–Zn deposit is located in the Changdu area in the middle part of the Sanjiang belt, and it represents a new style of MVT deposit that was controlled by karst structures in a thrust–fold system. Such a karst-controlled MVT Pb–Zn deposit in thrust settings has not previously been described in detail, and we therefore mapped the geology of the deposit and undertook a detailed study of its genesis. The karst structures that host the Jiamoshan deposit were formed in Triassic limestones along secondary reverse faults, and the orebodies have irregular tubular shapes. The main sulfide minerals are galena, sphalerite, and pyrite that occur in massive and lamellar form. The ore-forming fluids belonged to a Mg2+–Na+–K+–SO2-4–Cl-–F-–NO-3–H2 O system at low temperatures(120–130°C) but with high salinities(19–22% NaCl eq.). We have recognized basinal brine as the source of the ore-forming fluids on the basis of their H–O isotopic compositions(-145‰ to-93‰ for δDV-SMOW and-2.22‰ to 13.00‰ for δ18 Ofluid), the ratios of Cl/Br(14–1196) and Na/Br(16–586) in the hydrothermal fluids, and the C–O isotopic compositions of calcite(-5.0‰ to 3.7‰ for δ13 CV-PDB and 15.1‰ to 22.3‰ for δ18 OV-SMOW). These fluids may have been derived from evaporated seawater trapped in marine strata at depth or from Paleogene–Neogene basins on the surface. The δ34 S values are low in the galena(-3.2‰ to 0.6‰) but high in the barite(27.1‰), indicating that the reduced sulfur came from gypsum in the regional Cenozoic basins and from sulfates in trapped paleo-seawater by bacterial sulfate reduction. The Pb isotopic compositions of the galena samples(18.3270–18.3482 for 206 Pb/204 Pb, 15.6345–15.6390 for 207 Pb/204 Pb, and 38.5503–38.5582 for 208 Pb/204 Pb) are similar to those of the regional Triassic volcanic-arc ro
文摘Based on the theory of dissipative structures and moving character-parameters of elements,this paper examines the characteristics of the geological general field of volcanic belt in the Lancang rift valley,west Yunnan,China-with an open system and lower pressure environment,the volcanic belt is characterized by a large scale continuously graduating dissipative structure and three orders of concentrated minerogenetic material fields,and by the energy fields that influence the time and space structure of material fields.The research shows that the third order minerogenetic material fields which surround volcanic eruptive centers and have hydrothermal superposition and reconstruction after the magma stage possess favorable prognosis targets for copper polymetal.
文摘长江中下游成矿带的宁芜和庐枞火山岩盆地中发育了大量与早白垩世(约130 Ma)陆相火山-侵入岩有关的玢岩铁矿。这类矿床的特征为具有磁铁矿-磷灰石-阳起石(透辉石)矿物组合,在国际上一般被称为铁氧化物-磷灰石型(Iron O xide-Apatite,IOA)或基鲁纳型(Kiruna-type)矿床。玢岩铁矿的概念自20世纪70年代提出以来,其成因就一直存在争议,主要有矿浆、岩浆热液及矿浆-热液过渡的观点。近年来的高精度年代学揭示出宁芜和庐枞盆地内玢岩铁矿在约130 Ma集中爆发成矿。矿物学、岩石学及地球化学的综合研究表明成矿物质主要来源于次火山岩体,且成矿早期流体具有高温(550~780℃)和超高盐度(可达90%NaCleq)的特点。这些特点与成矿岩体及周围火山岩在成矿早阶段发育大规模钠质蚀变相吻合;但同时S-Sr等同位素和流体包裹体成分分析表明在铁成矿过程中还有外来壳源(如膏盐层物质)流体的加入。一些研究工作还表明玢岩铁矿与夕卡岩型铁矿具有相似的热液蚀变演化过程,暗示两者或许存在某些成因联系,很可能是相似流体与不同性质围岩及在不同温度下水岩交代产物。这些新的证据为探讨玢岩铁矿的成矿作用过程和成因机制提供了新的制约,也带来了新问题。本文从成岩成矿年代学、成矿物质来源、成矿早期流体性质、玢岩铁矿与夕卡岩铁矿及其外围新发现的金铜矿化的成因联系等角度,对近年来长江中下游成矿带玢岩铁矿研究的主要新进展进行初步总结。当前IOA型矿床的成因研究成为国际上矿床学研究的一个热点,除了长期争论的矿浆成因和岩浆热液成因,最近提出多个了岩浆-热液复合成矿模型,如岩浆磁铁矿-气泡悬浮模型及富水铁熔体的上升、脱气和侵位成因模型。将IOA型矿床成因争论的焦点逐渐聚焦在岩浆到岩浆后(岩浆热液)阶段,铁质究竟是以含铁岩浆�
