The complex and dynamic vaginal microbial ecosystem is critical to both health and disease of the host. Studies focusing on how vaginal microbiota influences HIV-1 infection may face limitations in selecting proper an...The complex and dynamic vaginal microbial ecosystem is critical to both health and disease of the host. Studies focusing on how vaginal microbiota influences HIV-1 infection may face limitations in selecting proper animal models. Given that northern pig-tailed macaques （Macaca leonina） are susceptible to HIV-1 infection, they may be an optimal animal model for elucidating the mechanisms by which vaginal microbiota contributes to resistance and susceptibility to HIV-1 infection. However, little is known about the composition and temporal variability of vaginal microbiota of the northern pig-tailed macaque. Here, we present a comprehensive catalog of the composition and temporal dynamics of vaginal microbiota of two healthy northern pig-tailed macaques over 19 weeks using 454-pyrosequencing of 16S rRNA genes. We found remarkably high proportions of a diverse array of anaerobic bacteria associated with bacterial vaginosis. Atopobium and Sneathia were dominant genera, and interestingly, we demonstrated the presence of Lactobacillus-dominated vaginal microbiota. Moreover, longitudinal analysis demonstrated that the temporal dynamics of the vaginal microbiota were considerably individualized. Finally, network analysis revealed that vaginal pH may influence the temporal dynamics of the vaginal microbiota, suggesting that inter-subject variability of vaginal bacterial communities could be mirrored in inter-subject variation in correlation profiles of species with each other and with vaginal pH over time. Our results suggest that the northern pig-tailed macaque could be an ideal animal model for prospective investigation of the mechanisms by which vaginal microbiota influence susceptibility and resistance to HIV-1 infection in the context of highly polymicrobial and Lactobacillus-dominated states.展开更多
Background:The greatest impact on profitability of a commercial beef operation is reproduction.However,in beef heifers,little is known about the vaginal and fecal microbiota with respect to their relationship with fer...Background:The greatest impact on profitability of a commercial beef operation is reproduction.However,in beef heifers,little is known about the vaginal and fecal microbiota with respect to their relationship with fertility.To this end,we followed heifers through gestation to examine the dynamics of vaginal and fecal microbial composition throughout pregnancy.Results:Heifers were exposed to an estrus synchronization protocol,observed over a 12-day period,artificially inseminated 12 h to 18 h after observed estrus,and subsequently exposed to bulls for a 50-day breeding season.Vaginal samples were taken at pre-breeding(n=72),during the first(n=72),and second trimester(n=72)for all individuals,and third trimester for individuals with confirmed pregnancies(n=56).Fecal samples were taken at prebreeding(n=32)and during the first trimester(n=32),including bred and open individuals.Next generation sequencing of the V4 region of the 16 S rRNA gene via the Illumina Mi Seq platform was applied to all samples.Shannon indices and the number of observed bacterial features were the same in fecal samples.However,significant differences in vaginal microbiome diversity between gestation stages were observed.No differences in beta-diversity were detected in vaginal or fecal samples regarding pregnancy status,but such differences were seen with fecal microbiome over time.Random Forest was developed to identify predictors of pregnancy status in vaginal(e.g.,Histophilus,Clostridiaceae,Campylobacter)and fecal(e.g.,Bacteroidales,Dorea)samples.Conclusions:Our study shows that bovine vaginal and fecal microbiome could be used as biomarkers of bovine reproduction.Further experiments are needed to validate these biomarkers and to examine their roles in a female’s ability to establish pregnancy.展开更多
基金supported in part by the Key Scientific and Technological Program of China(2012ZX10001-0072013ZX10001-002)+5 种基金the National Basic Research Program of China(2012CBA01305)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(8117287681273251U1202228)the Knowledge Innovation Program of CAS(KSCX2-EW-R-13KJZD-EW-L10-02)
文摘The complex and dynamic vaginal microbial ecosystem is critical to both health and disease of the host. Studies focusing on how vaginal microbiota influences HIV-1 infection may face limitations in selecting proper animal models. Given that northern pig-tailed macaques （Macaca leonina） are susceptible to HIV-1 infection, they may be an optimal animal model for elucidating the mechanisms by which vaginal microbiota contributes to resistance and susceptibility to HIV-1 infection. However, little is known about the composition and temporal variability of vaginal microbiota of the northern pig-tailed macaque. Here, we present a comprehensive catalog of the composition and temporal dynamics of vaginal microbiota of two healthy northern pig-tailed macaques over 19 weeks using 454-pyrosequencing of 16S rRNA genes. We found remarkably high proportions of a diverse array of anaerobic bacteria associated with bacterial vaginosis. Atopobium and Sneathia were dominant genera, and interestingly, we demonstrated the presence of Lactobacillus-dominated vaginal microbiota. Moreover, longitudinal analysis demonstrated that the temporal dynamics of the vaginal microbiota were considerably individualized. Finally, network analysis revealed that vaginal pH may influence the temporal dynamics of the vaginal microbiota, suggesting that inter-subject variability of vaginal bacterial communities could be mirrored in inter-subject variation in correlation profiles of species with each other and with vaginal pH over time. Our results suggest that the northern pig-tailed macaque could be an ideal animal model for prospective investigation of the mechanisms by which vaginal microbiota influence susceptibility and resistance to HIV-1 infection in the context of highly polymicrobial and Lactobacillus-dominated states.
基金supported by the China Scholarship Council(CSC)Scholarship.
文摘Background:The greatest impact on profitability of a commercial beef operation is reproduction.However,in beef heifers,little is known about the vaginal and fecal microbiota with respect to their relationship with fertility.To this end,we followed heifers through gestation to examine the dynamics of vaginal and fecal microbial composition throughout pregnancy.Results:Heifers were exposed to an estrus synchronization protocol,observed over a 12-day period,artificially inseminated 12 h to 18 h after observed estrus,and subsequently exposed to bulls for a 50-day breeding season.Vaginal samples were taken at pre-breeding(n=72),during the first(n=72),and second trimester(n=72)for all individuals,and third trimester for individuals with confirmed pregnancies(n=56).Fecal samples were taken at prebreeding(n=32)and during the first trimester(n=32),including bred and open individuals.Next generation sequencing of the V4 region of the 16 S rRNA gene via the Illumina Mi Seq platform was applied to all samples.Shannon indices and the number of observed bacterial features were the same in fecal samples.However,significant differences in vaginal microbiome diversity between gestation stages were observed.No differences in beta-diversity were detected in vaginal or fecal samples regarding pregnancy status,but such differences were seen with fecal microbiome over time.Random Forest was developed to identify predictors of pregnancy status in vaginal(e.g.,Histophilus,Clostridiaceae,Campylobacter)and fecal(e.g.,Bacteroidales,Dorea)samples.Conclusions:Our study shows that bovine vaginal and fecal microbiome could be used as biomarkers of bovine reproduction.Further experiments are needed to validate these biomarkers and to examine their roles in a female’s ability to establish pregnancy.
