随着我国《城乡建设领域碳达峰实施方案》的发布,城镇水务系统也将成为减碳/降碳的阵地之一。然而,城镇水务系统一方面面临扩容增量、支撑配套城镇化发展的重任,另一方面则面临减碳/降碳窗口期短、任务重的现状。因此,科学规划减碳/降...随着我国《城乡建设领域碳达峰实施方案》的发布,城镇水务系统也将成为减碳/降碳的阵地之一。然而,城镇水务系统一方面面临扩容增量、支撑配套城镇化发展的重任,另一方面则面临减碳/降碳窗口期短、任务重的现状。因此,科学规划减碳/降碳措施以及先期步骤--碳足迹核算方法不仅是城镇水务走向良性发展的保障,也是实现绿色低碳转型的关键。通过对发达国家水务系统碳中和规划的梳理,尤其是对英国《水务净零排放路线图》(Net Zero 2030 Roadmap)进行分析,总结提炼出适合我国城镇水务系统制定碳中和规划的一般思路和方法,即“3C”流程(核算定线Carbon accounting→技术确定Cluster of technologies→方案实施Carrying out)。在此基础上,讨论分析了碳核算的发展及其在规划制定中的作用和意义;总结归纳了不同减碳/降碳工艺技术比选原则和方法,形成我国首部《城镇水务系统碳核算与减排路径技术指南》,以期在双碳目标框架下指导我国城镇水务行业减碳/降碳行动与实践。展开更多
Accurate and detailed accounting of energy-induced carbon dioxide （CO_2） emis- sions is crucial to the evaluation of pressures on natural resources and the environment, as well as to the assignment of responsibility...Accurate and detailed accounting of energy-induced carbon dioxide （CO_2） emis- sions is crucial to the evaluation of pressures on natural resources and the environment, as well as to the assignment of responsibility for emission reductions. However, previous emission inventories were usually productionor consumption-based accounting, and few studies have comprehensively documented the linkages among socio-economic activities and external transaction in urban areas. Therefore, we address this gap in proposing an analytical framework and accounting system with three dimensions of boundaries to comprehensively assess urban energy use and related CO_2 emissions. The analytical framework depicted the input, transformation, transfer and discharge process of the carbon-based （fossil） energy flows through the complex urban ecosystems, and defined the accounting scopes and boundaries on the strength of ＇carbon footprint＇ and ＇urban metabolism＇. The accounting system highlighted the assessment for the transfer and discharge of socio-economic subsystems with different spatial boundaries. Three kinds methods applied to Beijing City explic- itly exhibited the accounting characteristics. Our research firstly suggests that urban carbon-based energy metabolism can be used to analyze the process and structure of urban energy consumption and CO_2 emissions. Secondly, three kinds of accounting methods use different benchmarks to estimate urban energy use and CO_2 emissions with their distinct strength and weakness. Thirdly, the empirical analysis in Beijing City demonstrate that the three kinds of methods are complementary and give different insights to discuss urban energy-induced CO_2 emissions reduction. We deduce a conclusion that carbon reductions responsibility can be assigned in the light of production, consumption and shared responsibility based principles. Overall, from perspective of the industrial and energy restructuring and the residential lifestyle changes, our results shed new light on the analysis on展开更多
文摘随着我国《城乡建设领域碳达峰实施方案》的发布,城镇水务系统也将成为减碳/降碳的阵地之一。然而,城镇水务系统一方面面临扩容增量、支撑配套城镇化发展的重任,另一方面则面临减碳/降碳窗口期短、任务重的现状。因此,科学规划减碳/降碳措施以及先期步骤--碳足迹核算方法不仅是城镇水务走向良性发展的保障,也是实现绿色低碳转型的关键。通过对发达国家水务系统碳中和规划的梳理,尤其是对英国《水务净零排放路线图》(Net Zero 2030 Roadmap)进行分析,总结提炼出适合我国城镇水务系统制定碳中和规划的一般思路和方法,即“3C”流程(核算定线Carbon accounting→技术确定Cluster of technologies→方案实施Carrying out)。在此基础上,讨论分析了碳核算的发展及其在规划制定中的作用和意义;总结归纳了不同减碳/降碳工艺技术比选原则和方法,形成我国首部《城镇水务系统碳核算与减排路径技术指南》,以期在双碳目标框架下指导我国城镇水务行业减碳/降碳行动与实践。
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China, No.41171438 National Basic Research Program of China （973 Program）, No. 2012CB955804 National Natural Science Foundation of China, No.41201602
文摘Accurate and detailed accounting of energy-induced carbon dioxide （CO_2） emis- sions is crucial to the evaluation of pressures on natural resources and the environment, as well as to the assignment of responsibility for emission reductions. However, previous emission inventories were usually productionor consumption-based accounting, and few studies have comprehensively documented the linkages among socio-economic activities and external transaction in urban areas. Therefore, we address this gap in proposing an analytical framework and accounting system with three dimensions of boundaries to comprehensively assess urban energy use and related CO_2 emissions. The analytical framework depicted the input, transformation, transfer and discharge process of the carbon-based （fossil） energy flows through the complex urban ecosystems, and defined the accounting scopes and boundaries on the strength of ＇carbon footprint＇ and ＇urban metabolism＇. The accounting system highlighted the assessment for the transfer and discharge of socio-economic subsystems with different spatial boundaries. Three kinds methods applied to Beijing City explic- itly exhibited the accounting characteristics. Our research firstly suggests that urban carbon-based energy metabolism can be used to analyze the process and structure of urban energy consumption and CO_2 emissions. Secondly, three kinds of accounting methods use different benchmarks to estimate urban energy use and CO_2 emissions with their distinct strength and weakness. Thirdly, the empirical analysis in Beijing City demonstrate that the three kinds of methods are complementary and give different insights to discuss urban energy-induced CO_2 emissions reduction. We deduce a conclusion that carbon reductions responsibility can be assigned in the light of production, consumption and shared responsibility based principles. Overall, from perspective of the industrial and energy restructuring and the residential lifestyle changes, our results shed new light on the analysis on
