Background Acute kidney injury (AKI) has been recognized as a major healthcare problem affecting millions of patients worldwide.However,epidemiologic data concerning AKI in China are still lacking.The objectives of ...Background Acute kidney injury (AKI) has been recognized as a major healthcare problem affecting millions of patients worldwide.However,epidemiologic data concerning AKI in China are still lacking.The objectives of this study were to characterize AKI defined by RIFLE criteria,assess the association with hospital mortality,and evaluate the impact of AKI in the context of other risk factors.Methods This prospective multicenter observational study enrolled 3,063 consecutive patients from 1 July 2009 to 31 August 2009 in 22 ICUs across China's Mainland.We excluded patients who were admitted for less than 24 hours (n=1623),younger than 18 years (n=127),receiving chronic hemodialysis (n=29),receiving renal transplantation (n=1) and unknown reasons (n=28).There were 1255 patients in the final analysis.AKI was diagnosed and classified according to RIFLE criteria.Results There were 396 patients (31.6%) who had AKI,with RIFLE maximum class R,I,and F in 126 (10.0%),91 (7.3%),and 179 (14.3%) patients,respectively.Renal function deteriorated in 206 patients (16.4%).In comparison with non AKI patients,patients in the risk class on ICU admission were more likely to progress to the injury class (odds ratio (OR) 3.564,95% confidence interval (CI) 1.706-7.443,P =0.001],while patients in the risk class (OR 5.215,95% CI 2.798-9.719,P <0.001) and injury class (OR 13.316,95% CI 7.507-23.622,P <0.001) had a significantly higher probability of deteriorating into failure class.The adjusted hazard ratios for 90-day mortality were 1.884 for the risk group,3.401 for the injury group,and 5.306 for the failure group.Conclusions The prevalence of AKI was high among critically ill patients in Chinese ICUs.In comparison with non-AKI patients,patients with RIFLE class R or class I on ICU admission were more susceptibility to progression to class I or class F.The RIFLE criteria were robust and correlated well with clinical deterioration and mortality.展开更多
In this paper a new theory referred to as the decrease-radix design (DRD) is proposed, which is found in the research of logic units of ternary (tri-valued) optical computer. Based on the theory proposed, the prin...In this paper a new theory referred to as the decrease-radix design (DRD) is proposed, which is found in the research of logic units of ternary (tri-valued) optical computer. Based on the theory proposed, the principles and the regulations of the DRD for making operation units of multi-valued operation with carrying/borrowing free are also presented. The research work has come to the following important conclusion: let D be a special state contained in n physical informative states, then one may figure out any multi-valued processors within n^(n×n) carrying/borrowing free n-valued units by the composition some of n×n×(n-1) simplest basic operating units according to the regulations of DRD proposed in this paper. The detailed systematic way of our design regulations is highlighted step by step in the paper with an example of design of a tri-valued logic optical operating unit. The real architecture, the procedure, and the experimental results of our sample in tri-valued logic operating unit are given. Finally, a re-constructible model of ternary logical optical processor is introduced. The theory proposed in the paper has laid down a solid foundation for the design of re-constructible carrying/borrowing free operating units in ternary optical computers and can be widely used as the designing reference in a variety of multi-valued logic operating units.展开更多
Background: The Readiness for Hospital Discharge Scale (RHDS)-Parent Form shows satisfactory reli-ability and validity to assess the readiness of parents to take care of their children discharged from hospitals in Wes...Background: The Readiness for Hospital Discharge Scale (RHDS)-Parent Form shows satisfactory reli-ability and validity to assess the readiness of parents to take care of their children discharged from hospitals in Western countries. However, the reliability and validity of this instrument has not been evaluated in Chinese populations.Objectives: Evaluate the psychometric features of the RHDS-Parent Form among Chinese parents of preterm infants. Methods: The RHDS-Parent Form was translated into a Chinese version following an international in-strument translation guideline. A total of 168 parents with preterm infants were recruited from the neonatal intensive care units of two tertiary-level hospitals in China. The internal consistency of this measure was assessed using the Cronbach's a coefficient;confirmatory factor analysis was conducted to evaluate the construct validity;and Pearson correlation coefficient was used to report the convergent validity. Results: The Chinese version of RHDS (C-RHDS)-Parent Form included 22 items with 4 subscales, ac-counting for 56.71% of the total variance. The C-RHDS-Parent Form and its subscales showed good reliability (Cronbach's a values 0.78-0.92). This measure and its subscales showed positive correlations with the score of Quality of Discharge Teaching Scale. Conclusion: The factor structure of C-RHDS-Parent Form is partially consistent with the original English version. Future studies are needed to explore the factors within this measure before it is widely used in Chinese clinical care settings.展开更多
Soil erosion is a major environmental problem in China.Planning for soil erosion control requires accurate soil erosion rate and spatial distribution information.The aim of this article is to present the methods and r...Soil erosion is a major environmental problem in China.Planning for soil erosion control requires accurate soil erosion rate and spatial distribution information.The aim of this article is to present the methods and results of the national soil erosion survey of China completed in 2011.A multi-stage,unequal probability,systematic area sampling method was employed.A total of 32,948 sample units,which were either 0.2-3 km2 small catchments or 1 km2 grids,were investigated on site.Soil erosion rates were calculated with the Chinese Soil Loss Equation in 10 m by 10 m grids for each sample unit,along with the area of soil loss exceeding the soil loss tolerance and the proportion of area in excess of soil loss tolerance relative to the total land area of the sample units.Maps were created by using a spatial interpolation method at national,river basin,and provincial scales.Results showed that the calculated average soil erosion rate was 5 t ha-1 yr-1 in China,and was 18.2 t ha-1 yr-1 for sloped,cultivated cropland.Intensive soil erosion occurred on cropland,overgrazing grassland,and sparsely forested land.The proportions of soil loss tolerance exceedance areas of sample units were interpolated through the country in 250 m grids.The national average ratio was 13.5%,which represents the area of land in China that requires the implementation of soil conservation practices.These survey results and the maps provide the basic information for national conservation planning and policymaking.展开更多
In order to have an accurate knowledge of system-wide operation states,it is necessary to perform state estimation for the integrated energy system(IES)as the basis of energy man-agement and control.Centralized state ...In order to have an accurate knowledge of system-wide operation states,it is necessary to perform state estimation for the integrated energy system(IES)as the basis of energy man-agement and control.Centralized state estimation is practically infeasible for IES due to the unreliability of communication,the barrier on privacy,and the large scale of integrated systems.This paper proposes a distributed state estimation algorithm based on the alternating direction method of multipliers(ADMM)for IES containing electricity,heat,and natural gas.Various coupling units are taken into full consideration in modeling of IES state estimation to reflect the harmonization of multi energy.On the basis of bilinear measurement model,the state estimation considering nonlinear measurements can be replaced by an equivalent three-stage problem containing two linear state estimations and an intermediate transformation to avoid non-convex optimization.The three-stage procedure for IES state estimation can be further decoupled over three sub-systems with coordination on coupling units,yielding a fully distributed scheme based on ADMM.A modified ADMM with the self-adjusting penalty parameter is also adopted to enhance the convergence.Simulation results demonstrate the validity and superiority of the proposed algorithm.展开更多
Since bamboo has the advantages of straight grain, beautiful color, high strength and toughness, and excellent abrasion resistance, bamboo-based panels have been widely used in the fields of vehicle, construction, shi...Since bamboo has the advantages of straight grain, beautiful color, high strength and toughness, and excellent abrasion resistance, bamboo-based panels have been widely used in the fields of vehicle, construction, ship building, furniture, and decoration to partly take the place of wood, steel, plastic etc in China. This paper briefly described the basic component units, including strip, sliver, and particle, of bamboo-based panel and pointed out that to design the structure of bamboo-based panels should follow the principle of symmetric structure, surface forming method, and structuring principle of equalizing stress. According to the processing methods and formation of component units, the authors classified the bamboo-based panels in China into 13 types and presented the manufacturing technique and uses of the bamboo products, such as plybamboo, bamboo flooring, and bamboo-wood composite products in detail. In the last part of the paper, much information were offered on the output, market, and selling prospect of each type of bamboo-based panels.展开更多
We present a compilation of published data(field,petrography,ages and geochemistry)from 73 ophiolitic complexes of the Central Asian Orogenic Belt.The ophiolitic complexes,ranging in age from Neoproterozoic to Triassi...We present a compilation of published data(field,petrography,ages and geochemistry)from 73 ophiolitic complexes of the Central Asian Orogenic Belt.The ophiolitic complexes,ranging in age from Neoproterozoic to Triassic.have been geochemically classified as subduction-related and subductionunrelated categories applying recent,well-established discrimination diagrams.The subductionunrelated category is further subdivided into Mid-Ocean Ridge type(MOR),a common rift-drift stage and Plume type,and the subduction-related category is subdivided into Backarc(BA),Forearc(FA).Backarc to Forearc(BA-FA)and Volcanic Arc(VA)types.The four subduction-related types define highly different geochemical features,with the BA and FA types defining end members showing subduction influence of 10%-100%and 90%-100%subduction influence,respectively,and the two other types(BAFA and VA)define values between the two end members.The subduction-related category comprises79%of the examined ophiolites,of which the BA type ophiolites is by far the dominant group,followed by the BA-FA type,and with FA and VA types as subordinate groups.The Neoproterozoic and Ordovician complexes exhibit the highest,whereas those of Silurian age exhibit the lowest subduction-influence.Of the remaining 21%subduction-unrelated ophiolites,the MOR type dominates.Both the subductionrelated and subduction-unrelated types,in particular the latter,are commonly associated with alkaline basalts taken to represent ocean island magmatism.Harzburgite,dunite,gabbro and basalt are the common lithologies in all ophiolite types,whereas the BA-FA,FA and VA types generally contain intermediate to felsic rocks,and in the FA type boninites occur.The subduction-related ophiolites types generally show low metamorphic grade,whereas greenschist.amphibolite and blueschist grades occur in the subduction-unrelated and BA types.The highly different subduction contribution(from 0 to 100%in the MOR and FA,respectively),attest to variable dips of the subducting slab,as well as variable flux of s展开更多
Purpose:The injury severity score(ISS)and new injury severity score(NISS)have been widely used in trauma evaluation.However,which scoring system is better in trauma outcome prediction is still disputed.The purpose of ...Purpose:The injury severity score(ISS)and new injury severity score(NISS)have been widely used in trauma evaluation.However,which scoring system is better in trauma outcome prediction is still disputed.The purpose of this study is to evaluate the value of the two scoring systems in predicting trauma outcomes,including mortality,intensive care unit(ICU)admission and ICU length of stay.Methods:The data were collected retrospectively from three hospitals in Zhejiang province,China.The comparisons of NISS and ISS in predicting outcomes were performed by using receiver operator characteristic(ROC)curves and Hosmer-Lemeshow statistics.Results:A total of 1825 blunt trauma patients were enrolled in our study.Finally,1243 patients were admitted to ICU,and 215 patients died before discharge.The ISS and NISS were equivalent in predicting mortality(area under ORC curve[AUC]:0.886 vs.0.887,p=0.9113).But for the patients with ISS>25,NISS showed better performance in predicting mortality.NISS was also significantly better than ISS in predicting ICU admission and prolonged ICU length of stay.Conclusion:NISS outperforms ISS in predicting the outcomes for severe blunt trauma and can be an essential supplement of ISS.Considering the convenience of NISS in calculation,it is advantageous to promote NISS in China's primary hospitals.展开更多
A new mathematical model for the overtopping against seawalls armored with artificial units in regular waves was established. The 2-D numerical wave flume, based on the Reynolds Averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) equatio...A new mathematical model for the overtopping against seawalls armored with artificial units in regular waves was established. The 2-D numerical wave flume, based on the Reynolds Averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) equations and the standard κ-ε turbulence model, was developed to simulate the turbulent flows with the free surface, in which the Volume Of Fluid (VOF) method was used to handle the large deformation of the free surface and the relaxation approach of combined wave generation and absorbing was implemented. In order to consider the effects of energy dissipation due to the armors on a slope seawall, a porous media model was proposed and implemented in the numerical wave flume. A series of physical model experiments were carried out in the same condition of the numerical simulation to determine the drag coefficient in the porous media model in terms of the overtopping discharge. Compared the computational value of overtopping over the seawall with the experimental data, the values of the effective drag coefficient was calibrated for the layers of blocks at different locations along the seawalls.展开更多
This manuscript discusses the design parameters that potentially affect the lateral seismic response of segmental precast post-tensioned bridge piers. The piers consist ofprecast circular cross section segments stacke...This manuscript discusses the design parameters that potentially affect the lateral seismic response of segmental precast post-tensioned bridge piers. The piers consist ofprecast circular cross section segments stacked one on top of the other with concentric tendons passing through ducts made in the segments during casting. The bottommost segments of the piers were encased in steel tubes to enhance ductility and minimize damage. An FE model was used to investigate different design parameters and how they influence the lateral force - displacement response of the piers. Design parameters investigated included the initial post-tensioning stress as a percentage of the tendon yield stress, the applied axial stresses on concrete due to post-tensioning, pier aspect ratios, construction details, steel tube thicknesses, and internal mild steel rebar added as energy dissipaters. Based on the data presented, an initial tendon stress in the range of 40%-60% of its yield stress and initial axial stress on concrete of approximately 20% of the concrete's characteristic strength is appropriate for most typical designs. These design values will prevent tendon yielding until lateral drift angle reaches approximately 4.5%. Changing the steel tube thickness, height, or a combination of both proved to be an effective parameter that may be used to reach a target performance level at a specific seismic zone.展开更多
The incidence of severe sepsis and septic shock is increasing in the older population leading to increased admissions to the intensive care units(ICUs). The elderly are predisposed to sepsis due to co-existing comorbi...The incidence of severe sepsis and septic shock is increasing in the older population leading to increased admissions to the intensive care units(ICUs). The elderly are predisposed to sepsis due to co-existing comorbidities, repeated and prolonged hospitalizations, reduced immunity, functional limitations and above all due to the effects of aging itself. A lower threshold and a higher index of suspicion is required to diagnose sepsis in this patient population because the initial clinical picture may be ambiguous, and aging increases the risk of a sudden deterioration in sepsis to severe sepsis and septic shock. Management is largely based on standard international guidelines with a few modifications. Age itself is an independent risk factor for death in patients with severe sepsis, however, many patients respond well to timely and appropriate interventions. The treatment should not be limited or deferred in elderly patients with severe sepsis only on the grounds of physician prejudice, but patient and family preferences should also be taken into account as the outcomes are not dismal. Future investigations in the management of sepsis should not only target good functional recovery but also ensure social independence and quality of life after ICU discharge.展开更多
The Internet of Everything(IoE),which aims to realize information exchange and communications for anything with the Internet,has revolutionized our modern world.Serving as the driving force for devices in the IoE netw...The Internet of Everything(IoE),which aims to realize information exchange and communications for anything with the Internet,has revolutionized our modern world.Serving as the driving force for devices in the IoE network,power supply systems play a fundamental role in the development of the IoE.However,due to the complexity,multifunctionality and wide-scale deployment of diverse applications,power supply systems face great challenges,including distribution,connection,charging technologies,and management.In this review,some challenges and advances in the development of both power supply systems and their units are presented.In the overall system-level field,establishing sustainable and maintenancefree power supply systems through wireless connections,efficient power management and integrated energy harvesting and storage systems is highlighted.Additionally,the main performance metrics of power supply units are discussed,including energy density,service life,and self-power ability.In addition,some directions of power quality assessment for both the system and unit levels of power supply systems are presented,aiming to provide insight into the future development of high-performance power supply systems for the IoE.展开更多
The data fusion in tracking the same trajectory by multi-measurement unit (MMU) is considered. Firstly, the reduced parameter model (RPM) of trajectory parameter (TP), system error and random error are presented, and ...The data fusion in tracking the same trajectory by multi-measurement unit (MMU) is considered. Firstly, the reduced parameter model (RPM) of trajectory parameter (TP), system error and random error are presented, and then the RPM on trajectory tracking data (TTD) is obtained, a weighted method on measuring elements (ME) is studied and criteria on selection of ME based on residual and accuracy estimation are put forward. According to RPM, the problem about selection of ME and self-calibration of TTD is thoroughly investigated. The method improves data accuracy in trajectory tracking obviously and gives accuracy evaluation of trajectory tracking system simultaneously.展开更多
From the point of growth units, the growth mechanism of hydrotalcite (HT) crystal is investigated in this paper. Results show that the growth morphology of HT is consistent with the model of anion coordination polyhed...From the point of growth units, the growth mechanism of hydrotalcite (HT) crystal is investigated in this paper. Results show that the growth morphology of HT is consistent with the model of anion coordination polyhedron growth units. The Raman shift of growth solutions of HT, Cu-HTlc, and Cu-Zn-HTlc are monitored using Raman spectroscopy. In the experiment, the growth units of Mg-Al-hydrotalcite are [Mg-(OH)6]4- and [Al-(OH)6]3-, and the growth units of Cu-Htlc and Cu-Zn-HTlc are [Mg-(OH)6]4- and [Al-(OH)6]3-, respectively. The growth process of hydrotalcite is as follows: growth units first incorpo- rate into metal layers, then metal layers adsorb An- and H2O, and the growth units incorporate into layer compounds according to this rule. Growth units will have different incorporations and growth morphologies caused by different growth surroundings. Furthermore, the reason why Cu-HTlc is difficult to synthesize is also interpreted in this paper.展开更多
Integrated-resonant units(IRUs),associating various meta-atoms,resonant modes,and functionalities into one supercell,have been promising candidates for tailoring composite and multifunctional electromagnetic responses...Integrated-resonant units(IRUs),associating various meta-atoms,resonant modes,and functionalities into one supercell,have been promising candidates for tailoring composite and multifunctional electromagnetic responses with additional degrees of freedom.Integrated-resonant metadevices can overcome many bottlenecks in conventional optical devices,such as broadband achromatism,efficiency enhancement,response selectivity,and continuous tunability,offering great potential for performant and versatile application scenarios.We focus on the recent progress of integrated-resonant metadevices.Starting from the design principle of IRUs,a variety of IRU-based characteristics and subsequent practical applications,including achromatic imaging,light-field sensing,polarization detection,orbital angular momentum generation,metaholography,nanoprinting,color routing,and nonlinear generation,are introduced.Existing challenges in this field and opinions on future research directions are also provided.展开更多
文摘Background Acute kidney injury (AKI) has been recognized as a major healthcare problem affecting millions of patients worldwide.However,epidemiologic data concerning AKI in China are still lacking.The objectives of this study were to characterize AKI defined by RIFLE criteria,assess the association with hospital mortality,and evaluate the impact of AKI in the context of other risk factors.Methods This prospective multicenter observational study enrolled 3,063 consecutive patients from 1 July 2009 to 31 August 2009 in 22 ICUs across China's Mainland.We excluded patients who were admitted for less than 24 hours (n=1623),younger than 18 years (n=127),receiving chronic hemodialysis (n=29),receiving renal transplantation (n=1) and unknown reasons (n=28).There were 1255 patients in the final analysis.AKI was diagnosed and classified according to RIFLE criteria.Results There were 396 patients (31.6%) who had AKI,with RIFLE maximum class R,I,and F in 126 (10.0%),91 (7.3%),and 179 (14.3%) patients,respectively.Renal function deteriorated in 206 patients (16.4%).In comparison with non AKI patients,patients in the risk class on ICU admission were more likely to progress to the injury class (odds ratio (OR) 3.564,95% confidence interval (CI) 1.706-7.443,P =0.001],while patients in the risk class (OR 5.215,95% CI 2.798-9.719,P <0.001) and injury class (OR 13.316,95% CI 7.507-23.622,P <0.001) had a significantly higher probability of deteriorating into failure class.The adjusted hazard ratios for 90-day mortality were 1.884 for the risk group,3.401 for the injury group,and 5.306 for the failure group.Conclusions The prevalence of AKI was high among critically ill patients in Chinese ICUs.In comparison with non-AKI patients,patients with RIFLE class R or class I on ICU admission were more susceptibility to progression to class I or class F.The RIFLE criteria were robust and correlated well with clinical deterioration and mortality.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No.60473008)Science & Technology Foundation of University in Shanghai (Grant No.04AB38)+1 种基金Shanghai Leading Academic Discipline Project (Grant No.J50103)the Doctorate Foundation of Shanghai University
文摘In this paper a new theory referred to as the decrease-radix design (DRD) is proposed, which is found in the research of logic units of ternary (tri-valued) optical computer. Based on the theory proposed, the principles and the regulations of the DRD for making operation units of multi-valued operation with carrying/borrowing free are also presented. The research work has come to the following important conclusion: let D be a special state contained in n physical informative states, then one may figure out any multi-valued processors within n^(n×n) carrying/borrowing free n-valued units by the composition some of n×n×(n-1) simplest basic operating units according to the regulations of DRD proposed in this paper. The detailed systematic way of our design regulations is highlighted step by step in the paper with an example of design of a tri-valued logic optical operating unit. The real architecture, the procedure, and the experimental results of our sample in tri-valued logic operating unit are given. Finally, a re-constructible model of ternary logical optical processor is introduced. The theory proposed in the paper has laid down a solid foundation for the design of re-constructible carrying/borrowing free operating units in ternary optical computers and can be widely used as the designing reference in a variety of multi-valued logic operating units.
文摘Background: The Readiness for Hospital Discharge Scale (RHDS)-Parent Form shows satisfactory reli-ability and validity to assess the readiness of parents to take care of their children discharged from hospitals in Western countries. However, the reliability and validity of this instrument has not been evaluated in Chinese populations.Objectives: Evaluate the psychometric features of the RHDS-Parent Form among Chinese parents of preterm infants. Methods: The RHDS-Parent Form was translated into a Chinese version following an international in-strument translation guideline. A total of 168 parents with preterm infants were recruited from the neonatal intensive care units of two tertiary-level hospitals in China. The internal consistency of this measure was assessed using the Cronbach's a coefficient;confirmatory factor analysis was conducted to evaluate the construct validity;and Pearson correlation coefficient was used to report the convergent validity. Results: The Chinese version of RHDS (C-RHDS)-Parent Form included 22 items with 4 subscales, ac-counting for 56.71% of the total variance. The C-RHDS-Parent Form and its subscales showed good reliability (Cronbach's a values 0.78-0.92). This measure and its subscales showed positive correlations with the score of Quality of Discharge Teaching Scale. Conclusion: The factor structure of C-RHDS-Parent Form is partially consistent with the original English version. Future studies are needed to explore the factors within this measure before it is widely used in Chinese clinical care settings.
文摘Soil erosion is a major environmental problem in China.Planning for soil erosion control requires accurate soil erosion rate and spatial distribution information.The aim of this article is to present the methods and results of the national soil erosion survey of China completed in 2011.A multi-stage,unequal probability,systematic area sampling method was employed.A total of 32,948 sample units,which were either 0.2-3 km2 small catchments or 1 km2 grids,were investigated on site.Soil erosion rates were calculated with the Chinese Soil Loss Equation in 10 m by 10 m grids for each sample unit,along with the area of soil loss exceeding the soil loss tolerance and the proportion of area in excess of soil loss tolerance relative to the total land area of the sample units.Maps were created by using a spatial interpolation method at national,river basin,and provincial scales.Results showed that the calculated average soil erosion rate was 5 t ha-1 yr-1 in China,and was 18.2 t ha-1 yr-1 for sloped,cultivated cropland.Intensive soil erosion occurred on cropland,overgrazing grassland,and sparsely forested land.The proportions of soil loss tolerance exceedance areas of sample units were interpolated through the country in 250 m grids.The national average ratio was 13.5%,which represents the area of land in China that requires the implementation of soil conservation practices.These survey results and the maps provide the basic information for national conservation planning and policymaking.
文摘In order to have an accurate knowledge of system-wide operation states,it is necessary to perform state estimation for the integrated energy system(IES)as the basis of energy man-agement and control.Centralized state estimation is practically infeasible for IES due to the unreliability of communication,the barrier on privacy,and the large scale of integrated systems.This paper proposes a distributed state estimation algorithm based on the alternating direction method of multipliers(ADMM)for IES containing electricity,heat,and natural gas.Various coupling units are taken into full consideration in modeling of IES state estimation to reflect the harmonization of multi energy.On the basis of bilinear measurement model,the state estimation considering nonlinear measurements can be replaced by an equivalent three-stage problem containing two linear state estimations and an intermediate transformation to avoid non-convex optimization.The three-stage procedure for IES state estimation can be further decoupled over three sub-systems with coordination on coupling units,yielding a fully distributed scheme based on ADMM.A modified ADMM with the self-adjusting penalty parameter is also adopted to enhance the convergence.Simulation results demonstrate the validity and superiority of the proposed algorithm.
基金This study was supported by National 9th-Five-Year Plan Project (No. 96-011-02-07-02).
文摘Since bamboo has the advantages of straight grain, beautiful color, high strength and toughness, and excellent abrasion resistance, bamboo-based panels have been widely used in the fields of vehicle, construction, ship building, furniture, and decoration to partly take the place of wood, steel, plastic etc in China. This paper briefly described the basic component units, including strip, sliver, and particle, of bamboo-based panel and pointed out that to design the structure of bamboo-based panels should follow the principle of symmetric structure, surface forming method, and structuring principle of equalizing stress. According to the processing methods and formation of component units, the authors classified the bamboo-based panels in China into 13 types and presented the manufacturing technique and uses of the bamboo products, such as plybamboo, bamboo flooring, and bamboo-wood composite products in detail. In the last part of the paper, much information were offered on the output, market, and selling prospect of each type of bamboo-based panels.
基金supported by the Department of Earth Science,University of Bergen,Norwaysupported by the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation,grant#14.Y26.31.0018+1 种基金Foundation for Basic Research(Grant#16-05-00313)Scientific Project of IGM SB RAS No.0330-2016-0003
文摘We present a compilation of published data(field,petrography,ages and geochemistry)from 73 ophiolitic complexes of the Central Asian Orogenic Belt.The ophiolitic complexes,ranging in age from Neoproterozoic to Triassic.have been geochemically classified as subduction-related and subductionunrelated categories applying recent,well-established discrimination diagrams.The subductionunrelated category is further subdivided into Mid-Ocean Ridge type(MOR),a common rift-drift stage and Plume type,and the subduction-related category is subdivided into Backarc(BA),Forearc(FA).Backarc to Forearc(BA-FA)and Volcanic Arc(VA)types.The four subduction-related types define highly different geochemical features,with the BA and FA types defining end members showing subduction influence of 10%-100%and 90%-100%subduction influence,respectively,and the two other types(BAFA and VA)define values between the two end members.The subduction-related category comprises79%of the examined ophiolites,of which the BA type ophiolites is by far the dominant group,followed by the BA-FA type,and with FA and VA types as subordinate groups.The Neoproterozoic and Ordovician complexes exhibit the highest,whereas those of Silurian age exhibit the lowest subduction-influence.Of the remaining 21%subduction-unrelated ophiolites,the MOR type dominates.Both the subductionrelated and subduction-unrelated types,in particular the latter,are commonly associated with alkaline basalts taken to represent ocean island magmatism.Harzburgite,dunite,gabbro and basalt are the common lithologies in all ophiolite types,whereas the BA-FA,FA and VA types generally contain intermediate to felsic rocks,and in the FA type boninites occur.The subduction-related ophiolites types generally show low metamorphic grade,whereas greenschist.amphibolite and blueschist grades occur in the subduction-unrelated and BA types.The highly different subduction contribution(from 0 to 100%in the MOR and FA,respectively),attest to variable dips of the subducting slab,as well as variable flux of s
基金This research was supported by grants from the Research Fund of Health Ministry,China(Grant No.WKJ2007-2-013).
文摘Purpose:The injury severity score(ISS)and new injury severity score(NISS)have been widely used in trauma evaluation.However,which scoring system is better in trauma outcome prediction is still disputed.The purpose of this study is to evaluate the value of the two scoring systems in predicting trauma outcomes,including mortality,intensive care unit(ICU)admission and ICU length of stay.Methods:The data were collected retrospectively from three hospitals in Zhejiang province,China.The comparisons of NISS and ISS in predicting outcomes were performed by using receiver operator characteristic(ROC)curves and Hosmer-Lemeshow statistics.Results:A total of 1825 blunt trauma patients were enrolled in our study.Finally,1243 patients were admitted to ICU,and 215 patients died before discharge.The ISS and NISS were equivalent in predicting mortality(area under ORC curve[AUC]:0.886 vs.0.887,p=0.9113).But for the patients with ISS>25,NISS showed better performance in predicting mortality.NISS was also significantly better than ISS in predicting ICU admission and prolonged ICU length of stay.Conclusion:NISS outperforms ISS in predicting the outcomes for severe blunt trauma and can be an essential supplement of ISS.Considering the convenience of NISS in calculation,it is advantageous to promote NISS in China's primary hospitals.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No.10572093)the Doctorial Program Foundation of MOE of China(Grant No. 20060248046).
文摘A new mathematical model for the overtopping against seawalls armored with artificial units in regular waves was established. The 2-D numerical wave flume, based on the Reynolds Averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) equations and the standard κ-ε turbulence model, was developed to simulate the turbulent flows with the free surface, in which the Volume Of Fluid (VOF) method was used to handle the large deformation of the free surface and the relaxation approach of combined wave generation and absorbing was implemented. In order to consider the effects of energy dissipation due to the armors on a slope seawall, a porous media model was proposed and implemented in the numerical wave flume. A series of physical model experiments were carried out in the same condition of the numerical simulation to determine the drag coefficient in the porous media model in terms of the overtopping discharge. Compared the computational value of overtopping over the seawall with the experimental data, the values of the effective drag coefficient was calibrated for the layers of blocks at different locations along the seawalls.
文摘This manuscript discusses the design parameters that potentially affect the lateral seismic response of segmental precast post-tensioned bridge piers. The piers consist ofprecast circular cross section segments stacked one on top of the other with concentric tendons passing through ducts made in the segments during casting. The bottommost segments of the piers were encased in steel tubes to enhance ductility and minimize damage. An FE model was used to investigate different design parameters and how they influence the lateral force - displacement response of the piers. Design parameters investigated included the initial post-tensioning stress as a percentage of the tendon yield stress, the applied axial stresses on concrete due to post-tensioning, pier aspect ratios, construction details, steel tube thicknesses, and internal mild steel rebar added as energy dissipaters. Based on the data presented, an initial tendon stress in the range of 40%-60% of its yield stress and initial axial stress on concrete of approximately 20% of the concrete's characteristic strength is appropriate for most typical designs. These design values will prevent tendon yielding until lateral drift angle reaches approximately 4.5%. Changing the steel tube thickness, height, or a combination of both proved to be an effective parameter that may be used to reach a target performance level at a specific seismic zone.
文摘The incidence of severe sepsis and septic shock is increasing in the older population leading to increased admissions to the intensive care units(ICUs). The elderly are predisposed to sepsis due to co-existing comorbidities, repeated and prolonged hospitalizations, reduced immunity, functional limitations and above all due to the effects of aging itself. A lower threshold and a higher index of suspicion is required to diagnose sepsis in this patient population because the initial clinical picture may be ambiguous, and aging increases the risk of a sudden deterioration in sepsis to severe sepsis and septic shock. Management is largely based on standard international guidelines with a few modifications. Age itself is an independent risk factor for death in patients with severe sepsis, however, many patients respond well to timely and appropriate interventions. The treatment should not be limited or deferred in elderly patients with severe sepsis only on the grounds of physician prejudice, but patient and family preferences should also be taken into account as the outcomes are not dismal. Future investigations in the management of sepsis should not only target good functional recovery but also ensure social independence and quality of life after ICU discharge.
基金National Youth Talent Support ProgramNational Natural Science Foundation of China and Guangdong Province,Grant/Award Number:U1601216+2 种基金Tianjin Natural Science Foundation,Grant/Award Number:18JCJQJC46500National Natural Science Foundation of China,Grant/Award Number:51771134National Science Foundation for Excellent Young Scholar,Grant/Award Number:51722403。
文摘The Internet of Everything(IoE),which aims to realize information exchange and communications for anything with the Internet,has revolutionized our modern world.Serving as the driving force for devices in the IoE network,power supply systems play a fundamental role in the development of the IoE.However,due to the complexity,multifunctionality and wide-scale deployment of diverse applications,power supply systems face great challenges,including distribution,connection,charging technologies,and management.In this review,some challenges and advances in the development of both power supply systems and their units are presented.In the overall system-level field,establishing sustainable and maintenancefree power supply systems through wireless connections,efficient power management and integrated energy harvesting and storage systems is highlighted.Additionally,the main performance metrics of power supply units are discussed,including energy density,service life,and self-power ability.In addition,some directions of power quality assessment for both the system and unit levels of power supply systems are presented,aiming to provide insight into the future development of high-performance power supply systems for the IoE.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 69872039) and the National High-Tech Program of China.
文摘The data fusion in tracking the same trajectory by multi-measurement unit (MMU) is considered. Firstly, the reduced parameter model (RPM) of trajectory parameter (TP), system error and random error are presented, and then the RPM on trajectory tracking data (TTD) is obtained, a weighted method on measuring elements (ME) is studied and criteria on selection of ME based on residual and accuracy estimation are put forward. According to RPM, the problem about selection of ME and self-calibration of TTD is thoroughly investigated. The method improves data accuracy in trajectory tracking obviously and gives accuracy evaluation of trajectory tracking system simultaneously.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos.40776071,40976074)
文摘From the point of growth units, the growth mechanism of hydrotalcite (HT) crystal is investigated in this paper. Results show that the growth morphology of HT is consistent with the model of anion coordination polyhedron growth units. The Raman shift of growth solutions of HT, Cu-HTlc, and Cu-Zn-HTlc are monitored using Raman spectroscopy. In the experiment, the growth units of Mg-Al-hydrotalcite are [Mg-(OH)6]4- and [Al-(OH)6]3-, and the growth units of Cu-Htlc and Cu-Zn-HTlc are [Mg-(OH)6]4- and [Al-(OH)6]3-, respectively. The growth process of hydrotalcite is as follows: growth units first incorpo- rate into metal layers, then metal layers adsorb An- and H2O, and the growth units incorporate into layer compounds according to this rule. Growth units will have different incorporations and growth morphologies caused by different growth surroundings. Furthermore, the reason why Cu-HTlc is difficult to synthesize is also interpreted in this paper.
基金the University Grants Committee/Research Grants Council of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region,China(Project No.AoE/P-502/20,CRF Project No.C5031-22GF,and GRF Project Nos.15303521 and 11310522)the Shenzhen Science and Technology Innovation Commission(Grant No.SGDX2019081623281169)+1 种基金the Department of Science and Technology of Guangdong Province(Grant No.2020B1515120073)the City University of Hong Kong(Project No.9380131).
文摘Integrated-resonant units(IRUs),associating various meta-atoms,resonant modes,and functionalities into one supercell,have been promising candidates for tailoring composite and multifunctional electromagnetic responses with additional degrees of freedom.Integrated-resonant metadevices can overcome many bottlenecks in conventional optical devices,such as broadband achromatism,efficiency enhancement,response selectivity,and continuous tunability,offering great potential for performant and versatile application scenarios.We focus on the recent progress of integrated-resonant metadevices.Starting from the design principle of IRUs,a variety of IRU-based characteristics and subsequent practical applications,including achromatic imaging,light-field sensing,polarization detection,orbital angular momentum generation,metaholography,nanoprinting,color routing,and nonlinear generation,are introduced.Existing challenges in this field and opinions on future research directions are also provided.