Super Typhoon Haiyan was the most notable typhoon in 2013. In this study, results from the operational prediction of Haiyan by a tropical regional typhoon model for the South China Sea are analyzed. It is shown that t...Super Typhoon Haiyan was the most notable typhoon in 2013. In this study, results from the operational prediction of Haiyan by a tropical regional typhoon model for the South China Sea are analyzed. It is shown that the model has successfully reproduced Haiyan’s rapid passage through the Philippines and its northward deflection after its second landfall in Vietnam. However, the predicted intensity of Haiyan is weaker than the observed. An analysis of higher-resolution model simulations indicates that the storm is characterized by an upper-level warm core during its mature stage and a deep layer of easterly flow. Sensitivity experiments are conducted to study the impact of certain physical processes such as the interaction between stratus and cumulus clouds on the improvement of the typhoon intensity forecast. It is found that appropriate boundary layer and cumulus convective parameterizations, and orographic gravity-wave parameterization, as well as improved initial conditions and increased horizontal grid resolution, all help to improve the intensity forecast of Haiyan.展开更多
利用水平分辨率1.0°×1.0°的美国国家环境预报中心(National Centers for Environmental Prediction,NCEP)再分析资料、水平分辨率为2.5°×2.5°的美国国家海洋和大气管理局(National Oceanic and Atmospher...利用水平分辨率1.0°×1.0°的美国国家环境预报中心(National Centers for Environmental Prediction,NCEP)再分析资料、水平分辨率为2.5°×2.5°的美国国家海洋和大气管理局(National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration,NOAA)大气环流资料、水平分辨率为1.0°×1.0°的NCEP全球资料同化系统(Global Data Assimilation System,GDAS)资料,结合拉格朗日混合单粒子轨迹模式(Hybrid Single Particle Lagrangian Integrated Trajectory Model,HYSPLIT)对两个路径相似但降雨分布存在较大差别的登陆台风"杰拉华"和"海葵"进行水汽输送对比分析,并进一步探讨水汽对于台风"海葵"登陆减弱后引发暴雨增幅的影响。结果表明:登陆后台风"海葵"维持时间和风雨的影响明显强于"杰拉华";陆地上输送的水汽(59.9%)是台风"杰拉华"的主要的水汽通道,但得不到暖洋面上的水汽补充,迫使其快速衰亡,降雨强度也较弱;而台风"海葵"登陆后,南海和黄海依然为其提供了大部分的水汽,台风"海葵"登陆后的水汽来源可以分为两类,一类为直接从洋面进入雨区的偏东水汽,另一类为与热带气旋(Tropical Cyclones,TC)环流相联系的偏南水汽。台风"海葵"登陆后第一轮暴雨的水汽主要来源于日本以东洋面(61.2%),南海水汽输送在一定程度上促进了第二轮暴雨的增强。江苏南部地区降雨的水汽主要来源于东海和中国东部地区(46.3%),中国东部地区蕴含的水汽和能量低于暖洋面,运行过程中携带的水汽量逐渐减少,可能是江苏南部地区降雨强度偏弱的原因之一。展开更多
To determine the grid resolutions of the WRF model in the typhoon simulation,some sensitivity analysis of horizontal and vertical resolutions in different conditions has been carried out.Different horizontal resolutio...To determine the grid resolutions of the WRF model in the typhoon simulation,some sensitivity analysis of horizontal and vertical resolutions in different conditions has been carried out.Different horizontal resolutions(5,10,20,30 km),nesting grids(15 and 5 km),different vertical resolutions(35-layers,28-layers,20-layers)and different top maximum pressures(1 000,2 000,3 500,5 000 Pa)had been used in the mesoscale numerical model WRF to simulate the Typhoon Kai-tak.The simulation results of typhoon track,wind speed and sea level pressure at different horizontal and vertical resolutions have been compared and analyzed.The horizontal and vertical resolutions of the model have limited effect on the simulation effect of the typhoon track.Different horizontal and vertical resolutions have obvious effects on typhoon strength(defined by wind speed)and intensity(defined by sea level pressure,SLP),especially for sea level pressure.The typhoon intensity simulated by the high-resolution model is closer to the real situation and the nesting grids can improve computational accuracy and efficiency.The simulation results affected by vertical resolution using 35-layers is better than the simulation results using 20-layers and 28-layers simulations.Through comparison and analysis,the horizontal and vertical resolutions of WRF model are finally determined as follows:the two-way nesting grid of 15 and 5 km is comprehensively determined,and the vertical layers is 35-layers,the top maximum pressure is 2 000 Pa.展开更多
基金Supported by the China Meteorological Administration Special Public Welfare Research Fund(GYHY201206010)Guangdong Science and Technology Research Plan(2012A061400012 and 2011A032100006)
文摘Super Typhoon Haiyan was the most notable typhoon in 2013. In this study, results from the operational prediction of Haiyan by a tropical regional typhoon model for the South China Sea are analyzed. It is shown that the model has successfully reproduced Haiyan’s rapid passage through the Philippines and its northward deflection after its second landfall in Vietnam. However, the predicted intensity of Haiyan is weaker than the observed. An analysis of higher-resolution model simulations indicates that the storm is characterized by an upper-level warm core during its mature stage and a deep layer of easterly flow. Sensitivity experiments are conducted to study the impact of certain physical processes such as the interaction between stratus and cumulus clouds on the improvement of the typhoon intensity forecast. It is found that appropriate boundary layer and cumulus convective parameterizations, and orographic gravity-wave parameterization, as well as improved initial conditions and increased horizontal grid resolution, all help to improve the intensity forecast of Haiyan.
文摘利用水平分辨率1.0°×1.0°的美国国家环境预报中心(National Centers for Environmental Prediction,NCEP)再分析资料、水平分辨率为2.5°×2.5°的美国国家海洋和大气管理局(National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration,NOAA)大气环流资料、水平分辨率为1.0°×1.0°的NCEP全球资料同化系统(Global Data Assimilation System,GDAS)资料,结合拉格朗日混合单粒子轨迹模式(Hybrid Single Particle Lagrangian Integrated Trajectory Model,HYSPLIT)对两个路径相似但降雨分布存在较大差别的登陆台风"杰拉华"和"海葵"进行水汽输送对比分析,并进一步探讨水汽对于台风"海葵"登陆减弱后引发暴雨增幅的影响。结果表明:登陆后台风"海葵"维持时间和风雨的影响明显强于"杰拉华";陆地上输送的水汽(59.9%)是台风"杰拉华"的主要的水汽通道,但得不到暖洋面上的水汽补充,迫使其快速衰亡,降雨强度也较弱;而台风"海葵"登陆后,南海和黄海依然为其提供了大部分的水汽,台风"海葵"登陆后的水汽来源可以分为两类,一类为直接从洋面进入雨区的偏东水汽,另一类为与热带气旋(Tropical Cyclones,TC)环流相联系的偏南水汽。台风"海葵"登陆后第一轮暴雨的水汽主要来源于日本以东洋面(61.2%),南海水汽输送在一定程度上促进了第二轮暴雨的增强。江苏南部地区降雨的水汽主要来源于东海和中国东部地区(46.3%),中国东部地区蕴含的水汽和能量低于暖洋面,运行过程中携带的水汽量逐渐减少,可能是江苏南部地区降雨强度偏弱的原因之一。
基金The National Natural Science Foundation of China under contract Nos 51809023,51839002 and 51879015the Open Research Foundation of the Key Laboratory of the Pearl River Estuarine Dynamics and Associated Process Regulation,the Ministry of Water Resources under contract No.2018KJ03
文摘To determine the grid resolutions of the WRF model in the typhoon simulation,some sensitivity analysis of horizontal and vertical resolutions in different conditions has been carried out.Different horizontal resolutions(5,10,20,30 km),nesting grids(15 and 5 km),different vertical resolutions(35-layers,28-layers,20-layers)and different top maximum pressures(1 000,2 000,3 500,5 000 Pa)had been used in the mesoscale numerical model WRF to simulate the Typhoon Kai-tak.The simulation results of typhoon track,wind speed and sea level pressure at different horizontal and vertical resolutions have been compared and analyzed.The horizontal and vertical resolutions of the model have limited effect on the simulation effect of the typhoon track.Different horizontal and vertical resolutions have obvious effects on typhoon strength(defined by wind speed)and intensity(defined by sea level pressure,SLP),especially for sea level pressure.The typhoon intensity simulated by the high-resolution model is closer to the real situation and the nesting grids can improve computational accuracy and efficiency.The simulation results affected by vertical resolution using 35-layers is better than the simulation results using 20-layers and 28-layers simulations.Through comparison and analysis,the horizontal and vertical resolutions of WRF model are finally determined as follows:the two-way nesting grid of 15 and 5 km is comprehensively determined,and the vertical layers is 35-layers,the top maximum pressure is 2 000 Pa.
