页岩气的生成和聚集具有不同于常规油气藏的独特规律,页岩气储层的研究是页岩气勘探与开发的核心问题。目前,对焦石坝地区页岩气储层的认识是相对有限的,需要对本区页岩气储层做进一步研究。基于大量实验室测试数据的统计分析显示:上奥...页岩气的生成和聚集具有不同于常规油气藏的独特规律,页岩气储层的研究是页岩气勘探与开发的核心问题。目前,对焦石坝地区页岩气储层的认识是相对有限的,需要对本区页岩气储层做进一步研究。基于大量实验室测试数据的统计分析显示:上奥陶统五峰组和下志留统龙马溪组目的层段总有机碳(TOC)含量介于0.55%~5.89%,平均为2.54%,且具有自上而下有机碳含量逐渐增加的趋势;基于全岩X-射线衍射分析方法,页岩中黏土矿物含量介于16.6%~62.8%,平均为40.9%,自上而下逐渐减少,脆性矿物含量自上而下逐渐增加,总量介于37.2%~83.4%,平均为59.1%;基于氦气注入法检测了目的层段的孔隙度,实测氦气孔隙度介于1.17%~7.98%,平均为4.61%,目的层段孔隙度呈现出'两高夹一低'的三分性特征;稳态法水平渗透率介于0.002~335.209 m D,平均为23.785 m D;通过高压压汞法对储层孔隙结构进行了研究,大量的测试数据表明,介孔级别的孔隙发育,且介孔提供了主要的孔比表面积,而介孔和大孔对渗透率起主要的贡献;将氩离子剖光技术和扫描电镜(SEM)相结合对储层的孔隙类型进行了观察,总体表现为自上而下有机孔隙增加、无机孔隙减少;由解吸法测得总含气量介于0.44~5.19 m3/t,平均为1.97 m3/t,从上到下呈现出逐渐增大的趋势。研究表明,焦页1井海相页岩气储层发育的控制因素有矿物组成和有机质发育特征等。TOC是控制下部储层段的主要内在因素,也是提供页岩气储存空间的重要物质;成岩阶段晚期,黏土矿物组合发生变化,蒙脱石向伊利石转变,形成新的微孔隙,增加了储层的孔隙度,对上部储层段有较大影响;脆性矿物含量大于50%,易于形成裂缝,可造成地层渗透性能的显著增强。总体来看,五峰组和龙马溪组的底部层段是优质储层,也是主要的产气层段。展开更多
AIM： To study the therapeutic effect of exogenous interleuldn-10 on CCl4-induced hepatic fibrosis in rats and its passible mechanisms. METHODS： Fourty-seven SD rats were randomly divided into control group （group N...AIM： To study the therapeutic effect of exogenous interleuldn-10 on CCl4-induced hepatic fibrosis in rats and its passible mechanisms. METHODS： Fourty-seven SD rats were randomly divided into control group （group N） and CCl4-induced hepatic fibrosis model group （group C）. After CCl4 was given for 9 wk, the model group was divided into three groups. Rats in group H were put to death immediately, rats in group T were treated with IL-10 for another three wk and then put to death, rats in group R recovered after three weeks and were then killed. The degree of hepatic fibrosis was measured by HE staining and histological activity index （HAI）. Histological activity index （HAI）, change of collagen types Ⅰ and Ⅲ were measured by Picrosirius staining. The expression of TNF-α, HHP-2 and TIMP-1 in liver tissue was measured by S-P immunohis tochemistry.RESULTS： CCl4- induced experimental rat hepatic fibrosis model was established successfully. The degree of hepatic fibrosis was markedly lower in group T than in groups H and R, and there was no difference between the two groups. The expression of collagen types I and III was significantly suppressed in group T and was slightly suppressed in groups H and R. The positive levels of TNF-α, HHP-2 and TIHP-1 in group H increased significantly compared to those in group N （P〈0.01）. The positive signals decreased significantly in groups T and R （P〈0.01）, but positive score was significantly lower in group T than in group R （P〈 0.01）. CONCLUS10N： Exogenous IL-10 can reverse CCl4-induced hepatic fibrosis in rats. IL-10 may exert its reversible effects on hepatic fibrosis by blocking CCl4-induced inflammation, inhibiting expression of HHP-2 and TIMP-1 and promoting resolution of collagen types Ⅰ and Ⅲ.展开更多
文摘页岩气的生成和聚集具有不同于常规油气藏的独特规律,页岩气储层的研究是页岩气勘探与开发的核心问题。目前,对焦石坝地区页岩气储层的认识是相对有限的,需要对本区页岩气储层做进一步研究。基于大量实验室测试数据的统计分析显示:上奥陶统五峰组和下志留统龙马溪组目的层段总有机碳(TOC)含量介于0.55%~5.89%,平均为2.54%,且具有自上而下有机碳含量逐渐增加的趋势;基于全岩X-射线衍射分析方法,页岩中黏土矿物含量介于16.6%~62.8%,平均为40.9%,自上而下逐渐减少,脆性矿物含量自上而下逐渐增加,总量介于37.2%~83.4%,平均为59.1%;基于氦气注入法检测了目的层段的孔隙度,实测氦气孔隙度介于1.17%~7.98%,平均为4.61%,目的层段孔隙度呈现出'两高夹一低'的三分性特征;稳态法水平渗透率介于0.002~335.209 m D,平均为23.785 m D;通过高压压汞法对储层孔隙结构进行了研究,大量的测试数据表明,介孔级别的孔隙发育,且介孔提供了主要的孔比表面积,而介孔和大孔对渗透率起主要的贡献;将氩离子剖光技术和扫描电镜(SEM)相结合对储层的孔隙类型进行了观察,总体表现为自上而下有机孔隙增加、无机孔隙减少;由解吸法测得总含气量介于0.44~5.19 m3/t,平均为1.97 m3/t,从上到下呈现出逐渐增大的趋势。研究表明,焦页1井海相页岩气储层发育的控制因素有矿物组成和有机质发育特征等。TOC是控制下部储层段的主要内在因素,也是提供页岩气储存空间的重要物质;成岩阶段晚期,黏土矿物组合发生变化,蒙脱石向伊利石转变,形成新的微孔隙,增加了储层的孔隙度,对上部储层段有较大影响;脆性矿物含量大于50%,易于形成裂缝,可造成地层渗透性能的显著增强。总体来看,五峰组和龙马溪组的底部层段是优质储层,也是主要的产气层段。
基金Supported by Nature Science Foundation of Fujian Province. No.2005D094 and No.C0410025
文摘AIM： To study the therapeutic effect of exogenous interleuldn-10 on CCl4-induced hepatic fibrosis in rats and its passible mechanisms. METHODS： Fourty-seven SD rats were randomly divided into control group （group N） and CCl4-induced hepatic fibrosis model group （group C）. After CCl4 was given for 9 wk, the model group was divided into three groups. Rats in group H were put to death immediately, rats in group T were treated with IL-10 for another three wk and then put to death, rats in group R recovered after three weeks and were then killed. The degree of hepatic fibrosis was measured by HE staining and histological activity index （HAI）. Histological activity index （HAI）, change of collagen types Ⅰ and Ⅲ were measured by Picrosirius staining. The expression of TNF-α, HHP-2 and TIMP-1 in liver tissue was measured by S-P immunohis tochemistry.RESULTS： CCl4- induced experimental rat hepatic fibrosis model was established successfully. The degree of hepatic fibrosis was markedly lower in group T than in groups H and R, and there was no difference between the two groups. The expression of collagen types I and III was significantly suppressed in group T and was slightly suppressed in groups H and R. The positive levels of TNF-α, HHP-2 and TIHP-1 in group H increased significantly compared to those in group N （P〈0.01）. The positive signals decreased significantly in groups T and R （P〈0.01）, but positive score was significantly lower in group T than in group R （P〈 0.01）. CONCLUS10N： Exogenous IL-10 can reverse CCl4-induced hepatic fibrosis in rats. IL-10 may exert its reversible effects on hepatic fibrosis by blocking CCl4-induced inflammation, inhibiting expression of HHP-2 and TIMP-1 and promoting resolution of collagen types Ⅰ and Ⅲ.
