BURP domain-containing proteins have a conserved structure and are found extensively in plants.The functions of the proteins in this family are diverse,but remain unknown in Populus trichocarpa.In the present study,a ...BURP domain-containing proteins have a conserved structure and are found extensively in plants.The functions of the proteins in this family are diverse,but remain unknown in Populus trichocarpa.In the present study,a complete genome of P.trichocarpa was analyzed bioinformatically.A total of 18 BURP family genes,named PtBURPs,were identified and characterized according to their physical positions on the P.trichocarpa chromosomes.A phylogenetic tree was generated from alignments of PtBURP protein sequences,while phylogenetic relationships were also examined between PtBURPs and BURP family genes in other plants,including rice,soybean,maize and sorghum.BURP genes in P.trichocarpa were classified into five classes,namely PG1β-like,BNM2-like,USP-like,RD22-like and BURP V.The multiple expectation maximization for motif elicitation（MEME） and multiple protein sequence alignments of PtBURPs were also performed.Results from the transcript level analyses of 10 PtBURP genes under different stress conditions revealed the expression patterns in poplar and led to a discussion on genome duplication and evolution,expression profiles and function of PtBURP genes.展开更多
Acyl-CoA-binding proteins(ACBPs)are important for the transport of acyl groups for macro molecular biosynthesis involved in plant growth,development,and diverse stress(e.g.,cold,drought,salinity,and heavy metals)respo...Acyl-CoA-binding proteins(ACBPs)are important for the transport of acyl groups for macro molecular biosynthesis involved in plant growth,development,and diverse stress(e.g.,cold,drought,salinity,and heavy metals)responses.Here,we report the phylogeny and characteristics of the ACBP family in the woody plant Populus trichocarpa.Eight genes encoding ACBP proteins were identified,and they are distributed on eight chromosomes in P.trichocarpa.These PtACBP genes were divided into four subgroups according to gene structure,conserved motifs and phylogenetic relationship.Promoter analysis revealed that cis-elements were related to stress response,phytohormone response,and physical and reproductive growth regulation.Expression levels of PtACBP genes varied among different organs,with the highest expression in leaves and the lowest in stems.Quantitative real-time PCR(qRT-PCR)analysis showed that under salinity-alkali stresses(i.e.,200 mM NaCl,75 mM Na2CO3,and 100 mM NaHCO3),four(PtACBP1,PtACBP3,PtACBP4 and PtACBP8)of eight PtACBP genes were significantly induced in roots and leaves.These data provide a comprehensive analysis of the ACBPs family in P.trichocarpa,which could be useful for gene function analyses.展开更多
KANADI(KAN)is a plant-specific gene that controlled the polarity development of lateral organs.It mainly acted on the abaxial characteristics of plants to make the lateral organs asymmetrical.However,it had been less ...KANADI(KAN)is a plant-specific gene that controlled the polarity development of lateral organs.It mainly acted on the abaxial characteristics of plants to make the lateral organs asymmetrical.However,it had been less identified in woody plants.In this study,the members of the KAN gene family in Populus trichocarpa were identified and analyzed using the bioinformatics method.The results showed that a total of 8 KAN family members were screened out,and each member contained the unique GARP domain and conserved region of the family proteins.Phylogenetic analysis and their gene structures revealed that all KAN genes from P.trichocarpa,Arabidopsis thaliana,and Nicotiana benthamiana could be divided into four subgroups,while the eight genes in P.trichocarpa were classified into three subgroups,respectively.The analysis of tissue-specific expression indicated that PtKAN1 was highly expressed in young leaves,PtKAN6 was highly expressed in young leaves and mature leaves,PtKAN2,PtKAN5,and PtKAN7 were highly expressed in nodes and internodes,PtKAN8 was highly expressed in roots,and PtKAN3 and PtKAN4 showed low expression levels in all tissues.Among them,PtKAN2 and PtKAN6,and PtKAN4 and PtKAN5 might have functional redundancy.Under high nitrogen concentrations,PtKAN2 and PtKAN8 were highly expressed in mature stems and leaves,respectively,while PtKAN4,PtKAN5,and PtKAN7 were highly expressed in roots.This study laid a theoretical foundation for further study of the KAN genemediated nitrogen effect on root development.展开更多
Disease prevention, biodiversity, productivity improvement and ecological considerations are all factors that contribute to increasing interest in mixed plantations. The objective of this study was to evaluate early g...Disease prevention, biodiversity, productivity improvement and ecological considerations are all factors that contribute to increasing interest in mixed plantations. The objective of this study was to evaluate early growth and productivity of two hybrid poplar clones, P. balsamifera x trichocarpa （PBT） and P. maximowiczii x balsamifera （PMB）, one improved family of Norway spruce （Picea glauca （PA）） and one improved family of white spruce （Picea abies （PG）） growing under different spacings in monocultures and mixed plots. The plantations were established in 2003 in Abitibi-Témiscamingue, Quebec, Canada, in a split plot design with spacing as the whole plot factor （1 × 1 m, 3 × 3 m and 5 × 5 m） and mixture treatments as subplot factor （pure： PBT, PMB, PA and PG, and 1：1 mixture PBT：PA, PBT：PG, PMB：PA and PMB：PG）. Results showed a beneficial effect of the hybrid poplar-spruce mixture on diameter growth for hybrid poplar clones, but not for the 5 × 5 m spacing because of the relatively young age of the plantations. Diameter growth of the spruces decreased in mixed plantings in the 1 × 1 m, while their height growth increased, resulting in similar aboveground biomass per tree across treatments. Because of the large size differences between spruces and poplars, aboveground biomass in the mixed plantings was generally less than that in pure poplar plots. Leaf nitrogen concentration for the two spruce families and hybrid poplar clone PMB was greater in mixed plots than in monocultures, while leaf nitrogen concentration of clone PBT was similar among mixture treatments. Because of its faster growth rate and greater soil resources demands, clone PMB was the only one showing an increase in leaf N with increased spacing between trees. Fine roots density was greater for both hybrid poplars than spruces. The vertical distribution of fine roots was insensitive to mixture treatment.展开更多
To explore the biological characteristics of Vascular plant One-Zinc finger(VOZ)gene family in Populus trichocarpa,this paper used bioinformatics to analyze the nucleotide sequences and protein sequences of four membe...To explore the biological characteristics of Vascular plant One-Zinc finger(VOZ)gene family in Populus trichocarpa,this paper used bioinformatics to analyze the nucleotide sequences and protein sequences of four members of VOZ gene family of P.trichocarpa.The results showed that the four PtVOZ genes of P.trichocarpa were evenly distributed on four chromosomes.The length and molecular weight of the encoded protein were almost the same,and the subcellular localization was located in the nucleus,belonging to the unstable acidic hydrophilic non-aliphatic soluble protein.The gene structures were all in the patterns of 4 exons and 3 introns.The proportion order of PtVOZ transcription factor secondary structure components was random coil>αhelix>extended strand>βsheets,and the tertiary structure was very similar in spatial conformation.The phylogenetic tree analysis showed that P.trichocarpa was more closely related to VOZ transcription factors of dicotyledons.The four PtVOZ genes of P.trichocarpa were expressed in seedlings and different tissues,but there were differences in the expression intensity.This study provided a necessary theoretical basis for further exploring the molecular biological function of PtVOZ genes.展开更多
LBD（lateral organ boundaries domain）蛋白是一类植物所特有的转录因子,在调控植物生长发育、营养代谢以及逆境胁迫的响应等方面发挥重要作用。然而,在基因组水平上对毛果杨LBD基因家族的研究还未曾有过报道。本研究利用生物信息学方...LBD（lateral organ boundaries domain）蛋白是一类植物所特有的转录因子,在调控植物生长发育、营养代谢以及逆境胁迫的响应等方面发挥重要作用。然而,在基因组水平上对毛果杨LBD基因家族的研究还未曾有过报道。本研究利用生物信息学方法,从毛果杨基因组中鉴定出57个LBD基因并预测其分子量和等电点,这些基因分布于毛果杨18条染色体和Scaffold_65、Scaffold_86上。该家族成员基因结构简单,内含子数目不超过2个。进化关系分析显示毛果杨LBD基因可分为ClassⅠ和ClassⅡ两大类,细分为Ⅰa、Ⅰb、Ⅰc、Ⅰd、Ⅰe、Ⅱa和Ⅱb等7个亚类。分析基因表达模式发现,该家族成员的表达具有一定时空特异性,并响应氮素胁迫处理。本研究为深入研究毛果杨LBD基因的功能奠定了基础。展开更多
基金supported by the National Science and Technology Support Program (No.2009BADA6B06-1)Anhui Major Science and Technology projects (No.08010302073)
文摘BURP domain-containing proteins have a conserved structure and are found extensively in plants.The functions of the proteins in this family are diverse,but remain unknown in Populus trichocarpa.In the present study,a complete genome of P.trichocarpa was analyzed bioinformatically.A total of 18 BURP family genes,named PtBURPs,were identified and characterized according to their physical positions on the P.trichocarpa chromosomes.A phylogenetic tree was generated from alignments of PtBURP protein sequences,while phylogenetic relationships were also examined between PtBURPs and BURP family genes in other plants,including rice,soybean,maize and sorghum.BURP genes in P.trichocarpa were classified into five classes,namely PG1β-like,BNM2-like,USP-like,RD22-like and BURP V.The multiple expectation maximization for motif elicitation（MEME） and multiple protein sequence alignments of PtBURPs were also performed.Results from the transcript level analyses of 10 PtBURP genes under different stress conditions revealed the expression patterns in poplar and led to a discussion on genome duplication and evolution,expression profiles and function of PtBURP genes.
基金supported by grants from the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(Nos.2572018B03)the College Students Innovations Special Project funded by NEFU(No.202010225173)+1 种基金the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(Nos.2572019CT03)the Natural Science Foundation of Heilongjiang Province(No.ZD2019C003)。
文摘Acyl-CoA-binding proteins(ACBPs)are important for the transport of acyl groups for macro molecular biosynthesis involved in plant growth,development,and diverse stress(e.g.,cold,drought,salinity,and heavy metals)responses.Here,we report the phylogeny and characteristics of the ACBP family in the woody plant Populus trichocarpa.Eight genes encoding ACBP proteins were identified,and they are distributed on eight chromosomes in P.trichocarpa.These PtACBP genes were divided into four subgroups according to gene structure,conserved motifs and phylogenetic relationship.Promoter analysis revealed that cis-elements were related to stress response,phytohormone response,and physical and reproductive growth regulation.Expression levels of PtACBP genes varied among different organs,with the highest expression in leaves and the lowest in stems.Quantitative real-time PCR(qRT-PCR)analysis showed that under salinity-alkali stresses(i.e.,200 mM NaCl,75 mM Na2CO3,and 100 mM NaHCO3),four(PtACBP1,PtACBP3,PtACBP4 and PtACBP8)of eight PtACBP genes were significantly induced in roots and leaves.These data provide a comprehensive analysis of the ACBPs family in P.trichocarpa,which could be useful for gene function analyses.
基金funded by the Natural Science Foundation of Heilongjiang Province,China(ZD2020C004)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(2572019CT02).
文摘KANADI(KAN)is a plant-specific gene that controlled the polarity development of lateral organs.It mainly acted on the abaxial characteristics of plants to make the lateral organs asymmetrical.However,it had been less identified in woody plants.In this study,the members of the KAN gene family in Populus trichocarpa were identified and analyzed using the bioinformatics method.The results showed that a total of 8 KAN family members were screened out,and each member contained the unique GARP domain and conserved region of the family proteins.Phylogenetic analysis and their gene structures revealed that all KAN genes from P.trichocarpa,Arabidopsis thaliana,and Nicotiana benthamiana could be divided into four subgroups,while the eight genes in P.trichocarpa were classified into three subgroups,respectively.The analysis of tissue-specific expression indicated that PtKAN1 was highly expressed in young leaves,PtKAN6 was highly expressed in young leaves and mature leaves,PtKAN2,PtKAN5,and PtKAN7 were highly expressed in nodes and internodes,PtKAN8 was highly expressed in roots,and PtKAN3 and PtKAN4 showed low expression levels in all tissues.Among them,PtKAN2 and PtKAN6,and PtKAN4 and PtKAN5 might have functional redundancy.Under high nitrogen concentrations,PtKAN2 and PtKAN8 were highly expressed in mature stems and leaves,respectively,while PtKAN4,PtKAN5,and PtKAN7 were highly expressed in roots.This study laid a theoretical foundation for further study of the KAN genemediated nitrogen effect on root development.
基金funded by Canada Economic Development,Quebec’s Ministry of Natural Resources and Fauna (MRNF)the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada through a Collaborative and Research Development grant to ADthe Program on Energy Research and Development of Natural Resources Canada
文摘Disease prevention, biodiversity, productivity improvement and ecological considerations are all factors that contribute to increasing interest in mixed plantations. The objective of this study was to evaluate early growth and productivity of two hybrid poplar clones, P. balsamifera x trichocarpa （PBT） and P. maximowiczii x balsamifera （PMB）, one improved family of Norway spruce （Picea glauca （PA）） and one improved family of white spruce （Picea abies （PG）） growing under different spacings in monocultures and mixed plots. The plantations were established in 2003 in Abitibi-Témiscamingue, Quebec, Canada, in a split plot design with spacing as the whole plot factor （1 × 1 m, 3 × 3 m and 5 × 5 m） and mixture treatments as subplot factor （pure： PBT, PMB, PA and PG, and 1：1 mixture PBT：PA, PBT：PG, PMB：PA and PMB：PG）. Results showed a beneficial effect of the hybrid poplar-spruce mixture on diameter growth for hybrid poplar clones, but not for the 5 × 5 m spacing because of the relatively young age of the plantations. Diameter growth of the spruces decreased in mixed plantings in the 1 × 1 m, while their height growth increased, resulting in similar aboveground biomass per tree across treatments. Because of the large size differences between spruces and poplars, aboveground biomass in the mixed plantings was generally less than that in pure poplar plots. Leaf nitrogen concentration for the two spruce families and hybrid poplar clone PMB was greater in mixed plots than in monocultures, while leaf nitrogen concentration of clone PBT was similar among mixture treatments. Because of its faster growth rate and greater soil resources demands, clone PMB was the only one showing an increase in leaf N with increased spacing between trees. Fine roots density was greater for both hybrid poplars than spruces. The vertical distribution of fine roots was insensitive to mixture treatment.
文摘To explore the biological characteristics of Vascular plant One-Zinc finger(VOZ)gene family in Populus trichocarpa,this paper used bioinformatics to analyze the nucleotide sequences and protein sequences of four members of VOZ gene family of P.trichocarpa.The results showed that the four PtVOZ genes of P.trichocarpa were evenly distributed on four chromosomes.The length and molecular weight of the encoded protein were almost the same,and the subcellular localization was located in the nucleus,belonging to the unstable acidic hydrophilic non-aliphatic soluble protein.The gene structures were all in the patterns of 4 exons and 3 introns.The proportion order of PtVOZ transcription factor secondary structure components was random coil>αhelix>extended strand>βsheets,and the tertiary structure was very similar in spatial conformation.The phylogenetic tree analysis showed that P.trichocarpa was more closely related to VOZ transcription factors of dicotyledons.The four PtVOZ genes of P.trichocarpa were expressed in seedlings and different tissues,but there were differences in the expression intensity.This study provided a necessary theoretical basis for further exploring the molecular biological function of PtVOZ genes.
文摘LBD（lateral organ boundaries domain）蛋白是一类植物所特有的转录因子,在调控植物生长发育、营养代谢以及逆境胁迫的响应等方面发挥重要作用。然而,在基因组水平上对毛果杨LBD基因家族的研究还未曾有过报道。本研究利用生物信息学方法,从毛果杨基因组中鉴定出57个LBD基因并预测其分子量和等电点,这些基因分布于毛果杨18条染色体和Scaffold_65、Scaffold_86上。该家族成员基因结构简单,内含子数目不超过2个。进化关系分析显示毛果杨LBD基因可分为ClassⅠ和ClassⅡ两大类,细分为Ⅰa、Ⅰb、Ⅰc、Ⅰd、Ⅰe、Ⅱa和Ⅱb等7个亚类。分析基因表达模式发现,该家族成员的表达具有一定时空特异性,并响应氮素胁迫处理。本研究为深入研究毛果杨LBD基因的功能奠定了基础。
