[目的]探讨癌性疼痛中医证治规律。[方法]检索2005年1月至2016年12月中国期刊全文数据库(China National Knowledge Infrastructure,CNKI)收录的中医及中西医结合诊治癌性疼痛的临床研究和个人经验类文献,规范纳入文献中的四诊信息、证...[目的]探讨癌性疼痛中医证治规律。[方法]检索2005年1月至2016年12月中国期刊全文数据库(China National Knowledge Infrastructure,CNKI)收录的中医及中西医结合诊治癌性疼痛的临床研究和个人经验类文献,规范纳入文献中的四诊信息、证型及所用方剂和药物,运用频数统计、关键字词分析以及黄金分割律等方法进行数据挖掘,再结合中医药理论对数据挖掘结果进行分析。[结果]从疼痛性质来看,实性疼痛远多于虚性疼痛;从脉象来看,虚证脉象略多于实证脉象,表明癌性疼痛病机有本虚标实的一面。癌性疼痛主要证型为瘀血阻滞、气血两虚、气滞血瘀、痰湿凝聚。癌性疼痛病位主要在经络、肾、脾,痛多肝郁,与肝关系密切,以虚为本,血瘀、气滞、痰、毒为标;更有虚实夹杂,病机较为复杂者。内服用方以补益和血、清热解毒、化痰理气为基本治疗大法。内服用药以扶正祛邪为着眼点,外治用药多从血瘀论治。内服用药和外治用药相比较,都从血瘀及热毒论治,注重活血化瘀止痛、清热解毒止痛,外治用药有其特异性,如祛风湿止痛、解肌止痛,着眼于局部对症治疗,急则治其标;内治用药侧重于补虚固本止痛、理气解郁止痛,着眼于整体调理,标本兼治。[结论]通过数据挖掘研究,分析中医药治疗癌性疼痛临床相关文献,得出以"四诊信息-辨证方法-病机分析-遣方用药"为一体的癌性疼痛中医证治规律,可为临床提供参考。展开更多
Five biochars derived from lotus seedpod(LSP)were applied to examine and compare the adsorption capacity of 17β-estradiol(E2)from aqueous solution.The effect of KOH activation and the order of activation steps on mat...Five biochars derived from lotus seedpod(LSP)were applied to examine and compare the adsorption capacity of 17β-estradiol(E2)from aqueous solution.The effect of KOH activation and the order of activation steps on material properties were discussed.The effect of contact time,initial concentration,p H,ionic strength and humic acid on E2 adsorption were investigated in a batch adsorption process.Experimental results demonstrated that the pseudo second-order model fitted the experimental data best and that adsorption equilibrium was reached within 20 hr.The efficiency of E2 removal increased with increasing E2 concentration and decreased with the increase of ionic strength.E2 adsorption on LSP-derived biochar(BCs)was influenced little by humic acid,and slightly affected by the solution p H when its value ranged from 4.0 to 9.0,but considerably affected at p H 10.0.Low environmental temperature is favorable for E2 adsorption.Chemisorption,π–πinteractions,monolayer adsorption and electrostatic interaction are the possible adsorption mechanisms.Comparative studies indicated that KOH activation and the order of activation steps had significant impacts on the material.Post-treated biochar exhibited better adsorption capacity for E2 than direct treated,pretreated,and raw LSP biochar.Pyrolyzed biochar at higher temperature improved E2 removal.The excellent performance of BCs in removing E2 suggested that BCs have potential in E2 treatment and that the biochar directly treated by KOH would be a good choice for the treatment of E2 in aqueous solution,with its advantages of good efficiency and simple technology.展开更多
It is known that wastewater produced by the metal-plating industry contains several heavy metals, which are acidic in nature and therefore toxic for the environment and for living creatures. In particular, heavy metal...It is known that wastewater produced by the metal-plating industry contains several heavy metals, which are acidic in nature and therefore toxic for the environment and for living creatures. In particular, heavy metals enter the food chain and accumulate in vital organs and cause serious illness. The precipitation of these metals is mostly achieved by pH adjustment, but as an alternative to this method, the electrocoagulation process has investigated in this study using iron and aluminum electrodes. The effects of the pH adjustment on removal before and after the electrocoagulation process were investigated, and cost analyses were also compared. It was observed that a high proportion of removal was obtained during the first minutes of the electrocoagulation process;thus, the current density did not have a great effect. In addition, the pH adjustment after the electrocoagulation process using iron electrodes, which are 10% more effective than aluminum electrodes, was found to be much more efficient than before the electrocoagulation process. In the process where kinetic modeling was applied, it was observed that the heavy metal removal mechanism was not solely due to the collapse of heavy metals at high pH values, and with this modeling, it was seen that this mechanism involved adsorption by iron and aluminum hydroxides formed during the electrocoagulation process. When comparing the ability of heavy metals to be adsorbed, the sequence was observed to be Cr>Cu>Ni>Zn, respectively.展开更多
Our previous experiments on ultrasonic treatment of the softening Se-X glasses （X = Te, S, As, CI） are reconsidered here using a special representation of the optical transmission data with the Se-Te series as an ex...Our previous experiments on ultrasonic treatment of the softening Se-X glasses （X = Te, S, As, CI） are reconsidered here using a special representation of the optical transmission data with the Se-Te series as an example. The results lead to the conclusion that glass behaves as a self-organizing system of the dissipative type. Bond wave is considered as the dissipative pattern characteristic for glass-forming substances. Above the glass transition temperature, Tg, three-dimensional bond waves provide all-the-volume mobility of atoms, so glass-forming liquid （T 〉 Tg） can flow and/or modify its structure under the action of information field that gives the bond wave direction. Thus obtained structure is frozen in a solid glass below Tg, being reflecting in a substantial change in optical transmission after US-treatment including development of optical anisotropy in our case. Finally, a direct observation of internal surfaces of the fractured samples by means of SEM gives additional evidence in favor of the bond wave model and the proposed mechanism by which softening glass interacts with ultrasound.展开更多
A quench-treatment technique is used to prepare a high-quality polycrystalline sample of double perovskite Sr2FeMo06 （SFMO）. X-ray powder diffraction analysis reveals that the sample has a single phase and exhibits ...A quench-treatment technique is used to prepare a high-quality polycrystalline sample of double perovskite Sr2FeMo06 （SFMO）. X-ray powder diffraction analysis reveals that the sample has a single phase and exhibits I4/m symmetry. The cation order η of the sample increases to 98.9（2）% from 94.2（3）%, which is prepared by the traditional sol-gel method. The initial magnetization isotherm of the sample is detected at 300 K. Unit-cell magnetization for the current sample is 1.332 #s at 300 K, and the one for the traditional sol-gel method sample is 0.946#9. Unit-cell magnetization is enhanced to 40.80% by the quench-treatment technique. Quench treatment is an effective method of enhancing the Fe/Mo order and magnetic properties of double perovskite SFMO.展开更多
文摘[目的]探讨癌性疼痛中医证治规律。[方法]检索2005年1月至2016年12月中国期刊全文数据库(China National Knowledge Infrastructure,CNKI)收录的中医及中西医结合诊治癌性疼痛的临床研究和个人经验类文献,规范纳入文献中的四诊信息、证型及所用方剂和药物,运用频数统计、关键字词分析以及黄金分割律等方法进行数据挖掘,再结合中医药理论对数据挖掘结果进行分析。[结果]从疼痛性质来看,实性疼痛远多于虚性疼痛;从脉象来看,虚证脉象略多于实证脉象,表明癌性疼痛病机有本虚标实的一面。癌性疼痛主要证型为瘀血阻滞、气血两虚、气滞血瘀、痰湿凝聚。癌性疼痛病位主要在经络、肾、脾,痛多肝郁,与肝关系密切,以虚为本,血瘀、气滞、痰、毒为标;更有虚实夹杂,病机较为复杂者。内服用方以补益和血、清热解毒、化痰理气为基本治疗大法。内服用药以扶正祛邪为着眼点,外治用药多从血瘀论治。内服用药和外治用药相比较,都从血瘀及热毒论治,注重活血化瘀止痛、清热解毒止痛,外治用药有其特异性,如祛风湿止痛、解肌止痛,着眼于局部对症治疗,急则治其标;内治用药侧重于补虚固本止痛、理气解郁止痛,着眼于整体调理,标本兼治。[结论]通过数据挖掘研究,分析中医药治疗癌性疼痛临床相关文献,得出以"四诊信息-辨证方法-病机分析-遣方用药"为一体的癌性疼痛中医证治规律,可为临床提供参考。
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.51521006,51609268 and 51809089)the Key Project of Technological Innovation in the Field of Social Development of Hunan Province,China(Nos.2016SK2010 and 2016SK2001)+1 种基金the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universitiesthe Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province,China(Nos.2018JJ3040 and2018JJ3096)
文摘Five biochars derived from lotus seedpod(LSP)were applied to examine and compare the adsorption capacity of 17β-estradiol(E2)from aqueous solution.The effect of KOH activation and the order of activation steps on material properties were discussed.The effect of contact time,initial concentration,p H,ionic strength and humic acid on E2 adsorption were investigated in a batch adsorption process.Experimental results demonstrated that the pseudo second-order model fitted the experimental data best and that adsorption equilibrium was reached within 20 hr.The efficiency of E2 removal increased with increasing E2 concentration and decreased with the increase of ionic strength.E2 adsorption on LSP-derived biochar(BCs)was influenced little by humic acid,and slightly affected by the solution p H when its value ranged from 4.0 to 9.0,but considerably affected at p H 10.0.Low environmental temperature is favorable for E2 adsorption.Chemisorption,π–πinteractions,monolayer adsorption and electrostatic interaction are the possible adsorption mechanisms.Comparative studies indicated that KOH activation and the order of activation steps had significant impacts on the material.Post-treated biochar exhibited better adsorption capacity for E2 than direct treated,pretreated,and raw LSP biochar.Pyrolyzed biochar at higher temperature improved E2 removal.The excellent performance of BCs in removing E2 suggested that BCs have potential in E2 treatment and that the biochar directly treated by KOH would be a good choice for the treatment of E2 in aqueous solution,with its advantages of good efficiency and simple technology.
文摘It is known that wastewater produced by the metal-plating industry contains several heavy metals, which are acidic in nature and therefore toxic for the environment and for living creatures. In particular, heavy metals enter the food chain and accumulate in vital organs and cause serious illness. The precipitation of these metals is mostly achieved by pH adjustment, but as an alternative to this method, the electrocoagulation process has investigated in this study using iron and aluminum electrodes. The effects of the pH adjustment on removal before and after the electrocoagulation process were investigated, and cost analyses were also compared. It was observed that a high proportion of removal was obtained during the first minutes of the electrocoagulation process;thus, the current density did not have a great effect. In addition, the pH adjustment after the electrocoagulation process using iron electrodes, which are 10% more effective than aluminum electrodes, was found to be much more efficient than before the electrocoagulation process. In the process where kinetic modeling was applied, it was observed that the heavy metal removal mechanism was not solely due to the collapse of heavy metals at high pH values, and with this modeling, it was seen that this mechanism involved adsorption by iron and aluminum hydroxides formed during the electrocoagulation process. When comparing the ability of heavy metals to be adsorbed, the sequence was observed to be Cr>Cu>Ni>Zn, respectively.
文摘Our previous experiments on ultrasonic treatment of the softening Se-X glasses （X = Te, S, As, CI） are reconsidered here using a special representation of the optical transmission data with the Se-Te series as an example. The results lead to the conclusion that glass behaves as a self-organizing system of the dissipative type. Bond wave is considered as the dissipative pattern characteristic for glass-forming substances. Above the glass transition temperature, Tg, three-dimensional bond waves provide all-the-volume mobility of atoms, so glass-forming liquid （T 〉 Tg） can flow and/or modify its structure under the action of information field that gives the bond wave direction. Thus obtained structure is frozen in a solid glass below Tg, being reflecting in a substantial change in optical transmission after US-treatment including development of optical anisotropy in our case. Finally, a direct observation of internal surfaces of the fractured samples by means of SEM gives additional evidence in favor of the bond wave model and the proposed mechanism by which softening glass interacts with ultrasound.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant No U1304110the Doctoral Science Foundation of Henan Normal University under Grant No 01026500109
文摘A quench-treatment technique is used to prepare a high-quality polycrystalline sample of double perovskite Sr2FeMo06 （SFMO）. X-ray powder diffraction analysis reveals that the sample has a single phase and exhibits I4/m symmetry. The cation order η of the sample increases to 98.9（2）% from 94.2（3）%, which is prepared by the traditional sol-gel method. The initial magnetization isotherm of the sample is detected at 300 K. Unit-cell magnetization for the current sample is 1.332 #s at 300 K, and the one for the traditional sol-gel method sample is 0.946#9. Unit-cell magnetization is enhanced to 40.80% by the quench-treatment technique. Quench treatment is an effective method of enhancing the Fe/Mo order and magnetic properties of double perovskite SFMO.
