在“双碳”目标背景下,推动经济社会发展绿色低碳转型是一项重大的系统工程.发展可再生能源和提高能源效率有助于构建更为高效的绿色能源体系,分析能源转型效果对制定合理的碳排放政策、完成中长期减排目标,具有重要的参考价值.本研究...在“双碳”目标背景下,推动经济社会发展绿色低碳转型是一项重大的系统工程.发展可再生能源和提高能源效率有助于构建更为高效的绿色能源体系,分析能源转型效果对制定合理的碳排放政策、完成中长期减排目标,具有重要的参考价值.本研究以此为出发点,首先运用静态面板和动态面板系统GMM(generalized method of moments)估计能源转型、可再生能源效率和不可再生能源效率对主要宏观经济变量的影响,其次将中间品生产部门细分为可再生能源生产部门与不可再生能源生产部门,构建DSGE(dynamic stochastic general equilibrium)模型分析了能源转型冲击、可再生能源效率冲击和不可再生能源效率冲击对主要宏观经济变量的短期影响,并分别对比三项冲击在四种情景(无政策、碳税政策、碳排放强度政策、碳排放上限政策)下对变量的影响有何不同.分析表明:1)能源转型促使资源在部门间的转移,可再生能源生产部门产出会增加,不可再生能源生产部门产出和碳排放会降低;2)两种能源效率的提高会产生经济扩张效应,但也会产生能源反弹效应,增加碳排放;3)在模拟期后期,实施碳排放强度政策将促进三项冲击对产出的增长效应,但也会阻碍能源转型进程中的减排效果、加剧反弹效应,碳税政策的实施会抑制两类能源效率冲击对碳排放的反弹效应.在能源转型过程中应依赖合理的碳排放政策,制定长期减排目标,本研究对我国分析能源转型效果具有重要的参考价值.展开更多
Quadruped animals in the nature realize high energy efficiency locomotion by automatically changing their gait at different speeds.Inspired by this character,an efficient adaptive diagonal gait locomotion controller i...Quadruped animals in the nature realize high energy efficiency locomotion by automatically changing their gait at different speeds.Inspired by this character,an efficient adaptive diagonal gait locomotion controller is designed for quadruped robot.A unique gait planning method is proposed in this paper.As the speed of robot varies,the gait cycle time and the proportion of stance and swing phase of each leg are adjusted to form a variety of gaits.The optimal joint torque is calculated by the controller combined with Virtual Model Control(VMC)and Whole-Body Control(WBC)to realize the desired motion.The gait and step frequency of the robot can automatically adapt to the change of speed.Several experiments are done with a quadruped robot made by our laboratory to verify that the gait can change automatically from slow-trotting to flying-trot during the period when speed is from 0 to 4 m/s.The ratio of swing phase is from less than 0.5 to more than 0.5 to realize the running motion with four feet off the ground.Experiments have shown that the controller can indeed consume less energy when robot runs at a wide range of speeds comparing to the basic controller.展开更多
Over the past 40 years of reform and opening-up during 1978-2018, China ＇S rapid economic growth has become a miracle in world economic history and reshaped the world economy. In the 40 years, China has successfully ...Over the past 40 years of reform and opening-up during 1978-2018, China ＇S rapid economic growth has become a miracle in world economic history and reshaped the world economy. In the 40 years, China has successfully transformed from an isolated agricultural country into the world＇s largest industrial manufacturer. In 2018, China＇s urbanization rate is expected to reach 60% with per capita GDP expected to reach 9, 000 USD. After another 5 to 8 years, China will join the rank of high-income countries, successfully cross the middle-income trap and become a moderately prosperous economy in all respects. In its modernization drive, China will follow the new concept of ＂innovation, coordinated, green, open and shared development＂ and strive to achieve its ＂two centennial展开更多
文摘在“双碳”目标背景下,推动经济社会发展绿色低碳转型是一项重大的系统工程.发展可再生能源和提高能源效率有助于构建更为高效的绿色能源体系,分析能源转型效果对制定合理的碳排放政策、完成中长期减排目标,具有重要的参考价值.本研究以此为出发点,首先运用静态面板和动态面板系统GMM(generalized method of moments)估计能源转型、可再生能源效率和不可再生能源效率对主要宏观经济变量的影响,其次将中间品生产部门细分为可再生能源生产部门与不可再生能源生产部门,构建DSGE(dynamic stochastic general equilibrium)模型分析了能源转型冲击、可再生能源效率冲击和不可再生能源效率冲击对主要宏观经济变量的短期影响,并分别对比三项冲击在四种情景(无政策、碳税政策、碳排放强度政策、碳排放上限政策)下对变量的影响有何不同.分析表明:1)能源转型促使资源在部门间的转移,可再生能源生产部门产出会增加,不可再生能源生产部门产出和碳排放会降低;2)两种能源效率的提高会产生经济扩张效应,但也会产生能源反弹效应,增加碳排放;3)在模拟期后期,实施碳排放强度政策将促进三项冲击对产出的增长效应,但也会阻碍能源转型进程中的减排效果、加剧反弹效应,碳税政策的实施会抑制两类能源效率冲击对碳排放的反弹效应.在能源转型过程中应依赖合理的碳排放政策,制定长期减排目标,本研究对我国分析能源转型效果具有重要的参考价值.
基金supported in part by the National Key Research and Development Program of China[Grant No.2020AAA0108900]the National Natural Science Foundation of China[No.91948201,62003190,62203268,61973185]+1 种基金the Open Research Projects of Zhejiang Lab(No.2022NB0AB06)the National Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province of China[No.ZR2022QF027].
文摘Quadruped animals in the nature realize high energy efficiency locomotion by automatically changing their gait at different speeds.Inspired by this character,an efficient adaptive diagonal gait locomotion controller is designed for quadruped robot.A unique gait planning method is proposed in this paper.As the speed of robot varies,the gait cycle time and the proportion of stance and swing phase of each leg are adjusted to form a variety of gaits.The optimal joint torque is calculated by the controller combined with Virtual Model Control(VMC)and Whole-Body Control(WBC)to realize the desired motion.The gait and step frequency of the robot can automatically adapt to the change of speed.Several experiments are done with a quadruped robot made by our laboratory to verify that the gait can change automatically from slow-trotting to flying-trot during the period when speed is from 0 to 4 m/s.The ratio of swing phase is from less than 0.5 to more than 0.5 to realize the running motion with four feet off the ground.Experiments have shown that the controller can indeed consume less energy when robot runs at a wide range of speeds comparing to the basic controller.
基金This study is supported by key projects of the National Social Science Fund of China （NSSFC） ＂Study on Accelerating Economic Restructuring and Promoting Indigenous and Coordinated Economic Development＂ （Grant No. 12＆ZD084）, and ＂Strategic Adjustment of China＇s Economic Structure and Transformation of Growth Pattern＂ （Grant No. 06＆ZD004）.
文摘Over the past 40 years of reform and opening-up during 1978-2018, China ＇S rapid economic growth has become a miracle in world economic history and reshaped the world economy. In the 40 years, China has successfully transformed from an isolated agricultural country into the world＇s largest industrial manufacturer. In 2018, China＇s urbanization rate is expected to reach 60% with per capita GDP expected to reach 9, 000 USD. After another 5 to 8 years, China will join the rank of high-income countries, successfully cross the middle-income trap and become a moderately prosperous economy in all respects. In its modernization drive, China will follow the new concept of ＂innovation, coordinated, green, open and shared development＂ and strive to achieve its ＂two centennial
