A challenge faced by protection and planning engineers is the development and validation of accurate wind turbine generator(WTG)models to study the impact of increasing wind integration on system protection.Thispaper ...A challenge faced by protection and planning engineers is the development and validation of accurate wind turbine generator(WTG)models to study the impact of increasing wind integration on system protection.Thispaper is on the experimental validation of a generic electromagnetic transient-type(EMT-type)model of aggregated WTGs or wind parks suitable for transient studies.The phasor domain equivalent of the generic model,suitable for protection tools based on steady-state solvers,is also considered.The model has been validated using two sets of actual relay records for the fault response of two wind parks consisting of Type-III WTGs and connected to115 kV and 230 kV transmission systems.The objective is to show that the generic model can reproduce the actual fault response in simulations,and protection engineers can obtain accurate models of wind parks using fault records.A distinctive characteristic of a WTG is its substantially different negative sequence fault current contribution compared to a synchronous generator.The paper shows that the generic model provides enough options to reproduce the negative sequence behavior and hence is suitable for fault studies involving negative sequence-based protection.展开更多
目的:探讨中药制剂肠吉泰对内脏高敏感性模型大鼠的调节作用。方法:选择新生SD大鼠随机分为空白组、模型组、阳性药物Capsazepine组及肠吉泰低、中、高剂量组,每组10只。采用Al-chaer直肠醋酸刺激法建立内脏高敏感性大鼠模型。造模期间...目的:探讨中药制剂肠吉泰对内脏高敏感性模型大鼠的调节作用。方法:选择新生SD大鼠随机分为空白组、模型组、阳性药物Capsazepine组及肠吉泰低、中、高剂量组,每组10只。采用Al-chaer直肠醋酸刺激法建立内脏高敏感性大鼠模型。造模期间阳性药物组给予腹腔注射瞬时感受器电位香草素受体-1(TRPV1)阻断剂Capsazepine,其余各组(除空白组外)均给予相同体积的溶剂腹腔注射;造模结束2周后,肠吉泰各剂量组每日分别给予相应剂量的中药浸膏灌胃,空白组、模型组和阳性药物组分别给予等体积去离子水灌胃。干预4周后,大鼠腹外斜肌埋植电极,外接Power Lab记录仪,采用结直肠气囊扩张法记录大鼠腹外斜肌电压变化以评估内脏敏感性;使用Real-time PCR法检测下丘脑、背根神经节和结肠组织TRPV1mRNA含量。结果:当气囊压力在60 mm Hg时,模型组大鼠腹外斜肌电压值较空白组明显升高(P<0.05),肠吉泰高剂量组的电压较模型组明显降低(P<0.01)。模型组大鼠下丘脑、背根神经节和结肠组织的TRPV1mRNA表达较空白组均明显增高(P<0.05);肠吉泰中、高剂量组背根神经节与下丘脑的TRPV1mRNA表达,以及肠吉泰各剂量组结肠的TRPV1mRNA表达均明显低于模型组(P<0.05或P<0.01)。结论:肠吉泰可降低内脏敏感性,其作用可能与降低下丘脑、结肠和背根神经节TRPV1mRNA表达有关。展开更多
文摘A challenge faced by protection and planning engineers is the development and validation of accurate wind turbine generator(WTG)models to study the impact of increasing wind integration on system protection.Thispaper is on the experimental validation of a generic electromagnetic transient-type(EMT-type)model of aggregated WTGs or wind parks suitable for transient studies.The phasor domain equivalent of the generic model,suitable for protection tools based on steady-state solvers,is also considered.The model has been validated using two sets of actual relay records for the fault response of two wind parks consisting of Type-III WTGs and connected to115 kV and 230 kV transmission systems.The objective is to show that the generic model can reproduce the actual fault response in simulations,and protection engineers can obtain accurate models of wind parks using fault records.A distinctive characteristic of a WTG is its substantially different negative sequence fault current contribution compared to a synchronous generator.The paper shows that the generic model provides enough options to reproduce the negative sequence behavior and hence is suitable for fault studies involving negative sequence-based protection.
文摘目的:探讨中药制剂肠吉泰对内脏高敏感性模型大鼠的调节作用。方法:选择新生SD大鼠随机分为空白组、模型组、阳性药物Capsazepine组及肠吉泰低、中、高剂量组,每组10只。采用Al-chaer直肠醋酸刺激法建立内脏高敏感性大鼠模型。造模期间阳性药物组给予腹腔注射瞬时感受器电位香草素受体-1(TRPV1)阻断剂Capsazepine,其余各组(除空白组外)均给予相同体积的溶剂腹腔注射;造模结束2周后,肠吉泰各剂量组每日分别给予相应剂量的中药浸膏灌胃,空白组、模型组和阳性药物组分别给予等体积去离子水灌胃。干预4周后,大鼠腹外斜肌埋植电极,外接Power Lab记录仪,采用结直肠气囊扩张法记录大鼠腹外斜肌电压变化以评估内脏敏感性;使用Real-time PCR法检测下丘脑、背根神经节和结肠组织TRPV1mRNA含量。结果:当气囊压力在60 mm Hg时,模型组大鼠腹外斜肌电压值较空白组明显升高(P<0.05),肠吉泰高剂量组的电压较模型组明显降低(P<0.01)。模型组大鼠下丘脑、背根神经节和结肠组织的TRPV1mRNA表达较空白组均明显增高(P<0.05);肠吉泰中、高剂量组背根神经节与下丘脑的TRPV1mRNA表达,以及肠吉泰各剂量组结肠的TRPV1mRNA表达均明显低于模型组(P<0.05或P<0.01)。结论:肠吉泰可降低内脏敏感性,其作用可能与降低下丘脑、结肠和背根神经节TRPV1mRNA表达有关。
