The electro-hydrostatic actuator （EHA） is a kind of power-by-wire （PBW） actuator that converts the electrical power into localized hydraulic power for flight control. By removing the central hydraulic power supply...The electro-hydrostatic actuator （EHA） is a kind of power-by-wire （PBW） actuator that converts the electrical power into localized hydraulic power for flight control. By removing the central hydraulic power supply together with hydraulic pipes, an EHA＇s reliability and efficiency are greatly improved but its frequency width and stiffness decreased. To overcome the drawback, this article proposes a novel structure of EHA associated with a power regulator. Composed of a high-pressure accumulator and a proportional valve, it can store and harness the hydraulic power flexibly according to the changing control requirements. The concept of transferred volume is put forward to estimate the capability of the power regulator. The actuator output position can be kept fixed with a hydraulic lock. The compounded control is specially developed to ensure the actuator system to operate in a correct manner. The simulation results indicate that the new-brand actuator results in efficient expanding of the system frequency width with an optimal power supply.展开更多
Based on the principle of thermal conduction, three metal alloys （stainless steel, copper-tungsten and graphite） were chosen as the material of the high impulse current discharging switch. Experimental results indic...Based on the principle of thermal conduction, three metal alloys （stainless steel, copper-tungsten and graphite） were chosen as the material of the high impulse current discharging switch. Experimental results indicate that the mass loss and surface erosion morphology of the electrode are related with the electrode material （conductivity σ, melting point Tin, density p and thermal capacity c） and the impulse transferred charge （or energy） per impulse for the same total impulse transferred charge. The experimental results indicate that the mass loss of stainless steel, copper-tungsten and graphite are 380.10 μg/C, 118.10 μg/C and 81.90 μg/C respectively under the condition of a total impulse transferred charge of 525 C and a transferred charge per impulse of 10.5 C. Under the same impulse transferred charge, the mass loss of copper-tungsten（118.10 μg/C） with the transferred charge per impulse at 10.5 C is far larger than the mass loss （38.61μg/C） at a 1.48 C transferred charge per impulse. The electrode erosion mechanism under high energy impulse arcs is analyzed briefly and it is suggested that by selecting high conductive metal or metal alloy as the electrode material of a high energy impulse spark gap switch and setting high erosion resistance material at the top of the electrode, the mass loss of the electrode can be reduced and the life of the switch prolonged.展开更多
On April 27,2022,an international flight KL857 from Amsterdam,the Netherlands arrived at Pudong International Airport,Shanghai Municipality.Passengers were transferred to the quarantine hotel for a routine 14-day medi...On April 27,2022,an international flight KL857 from Amsterdam,the Netherlands arrived at Pudong International Airport,Shanghai Municipality.Passengers were transferred to the quarantine hotel for a routine 14-day medical observation in Songjiang District and regularly tested for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2).One of the passengers(a 37-year-old Chinese male)was reported positive and diagnosed as a mild case on April 29.The case set out from Uganda(flight KL535)on April 25 and transferred at Amsterdam,the Netherlands on April 26 and Seoul,the Republic of Korea(KL857)on April 27.The patient has been vaccinated in four doses against coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)(Beijing Institute of Biological Products Co.,Ltd)in China and Uganda.After diagnosis,he was transferred to Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center for treatment.He recovered after treatment and was discharged on May 12.展开更多
A wear resistant （Cr, Fe）7C3/γ-Fe ceramalcomposite coating wasfabricatedon substrate of a 0.45% C carbon steel by plasma transferred arc （PTA） cladding process using the Fe-Cr-C elemental powder blends. The micro...A wear resistant （Cr, Fe）7C3/γ-Fe ceramalcomposite coating wasfabricatedon substrate of a 0.45% C carbon steel by plasma transferred arc （PTA） cladding process using the Fe-Cr-C elemental powder blends. The microstructure, microhardness and dry sliding wear resistance of the coating were evaluated. Results indicate that the plasma transferred arc clad ceramal composite coating has a rapidly solidified microstructure consisting of blocky primary （Cr, Fe）7C3 and the interblocky （ Cr, Fe）7C3/γ-Fe eutectics and is metallurgically bonded to the 0.45%C carbon steel substrate. The ceramal composite coating has high hardness and excellent wear resistance under dry sliding wear test condition.展开更多
The application of response surface methodology was highlighted to predict and optimize the percentage of dilution of iron-based hardfaced surface produced by the PTA （plasma tratisferred arc welding） process. The e...The application of response surface methodology was highlighted to predict and optimize the percentage of dilution of iron-based hardfaced surface produced by the PTA （plasma tratisferred arc welding） process. The experiments were conducted based on five-factor five-level central composite rotatable design with full replication technique and a mathematical model was developed using response surface methodology. Furthermore, the response surface methodology was also used to optimize the process parameters that yielded the lowest percentage of dilution.展开更多
Ni-based composite coatings with a high content of tungsten carbides(Stelcar65composite coatings)were synthesized by plasma transferred arc(PTA)hardfacing.The welding parameters of Stelcar65composite coatings were opt...Ni-based composite coatings with a high content of tungsten carbides(Stelcar65composite coatings)were synthesized by plasma transferred arc(PTA)hardfacing.The welding parameters of Stelcar65composite coatings were optimized by orthogonal tests.The PTA welding parameters including welding current,powder feed rate and welding speed have significant influence on the tungsten carbide degradation.The values for the optimum welding current,powder feed rate and welding speed were determined to be100A,25g/min and40mm/min,respectively.The produced WC/Ni-based composite coatings were crack-and degradation-free.The microstructure of deposited layers,as well as the microstructure and microhardness of the optimal coating were further analyzed.展开更多
Cobalt-based alloys with different Y2O3 contents were deposited on Q235A-carbon steel using plasma transferred arc （PTA） welding machine. The effect of Y2O3 on the microstructure and wear resistance properties of th...Cobalt-based alloys with different Y2O3 contents were deposited on Q235A-carbon steel using plasma transferred arc （PTA） welding machine. The effect of Y2O3 on the microstructure and wear resistance properties of the cobait-based alloys were investigated using an optical microscope, a scanning electron microscope （SEM）, X-ray diffraction （XRD）, and transmission electron microscopy （TEM）. It was found that a cobalt-based solid solution with a face-centered cubic crystal structure was presented accompanied by the secondary phase M7C3 with a hexagonal crystal structure in the Y2O3-free cobalt-based alloy coating. Several stacking faults exist in the cobalt-based solid solution. The addition of Y2O3 leads to the existence of the Y2O3 phase in the Y2O3-modified coatings. Though stacking fault exists in the Y2O3-modified coatings, its density increases. The addition of Y2O3 can refine the microstructure and can increase the wear resistance properties when its contents are less than or equal to 0.8 wt.%. However, further increase of its contents will lead to the agglomeration of undissolved Y2O3 particles at the γ-Co grain boundary, and will lead to a coarse microstructure and lower wear resistance properties.展开更多
Hydroxycinnamoyl-CoA quinate transferase(HQT)is one of the key enzymes in the biosynthesis of chlorogenic acid(CGA)in the flowers of Lonicera japonica.However,the spatiotemporal expression patterns of HQT and its rela...Hydroxycinnamoyl-CoA quinate transferase(HQT)is one of the key enzymes in the biosynthesis of chlorogenic acid(CGA)in the flowers of Lonicera japonica.However,the spatiotemporal expression patterns of HQT and its relationship to the dynamics of CGA biosynthesis,transport,and storage remain largely unknown.In this study,we collected L.japonica flower samples at different growth stages(S1–S6)and examined the spatiotemporal expression pattern of HQT and the dynamic accumulation patterns of CGA using a combination of molecular and cytological techniques.Our results suggest that the spatiotemporal expression pattern of HQT is directly correlated with dynamic changes in CGA accumulation and distribution in L.japonica flowers.We further show that CGA is synthesized primarily in the cytoplasm and chloroplasts.CGA synthesized in the cytoplasm first accumulates in specialized vesicles and is then transferred to large central vacuoles for storage by fusion of CGA-containing vesicles with vacuoles.Furthermore,CGA synthesized in the chloroplasts appears to be transferred into the vacuoles for storage by direct membrane fusion between the tonoplast and the disrupted chloroplast membranes.Collectively,our results suggest that CGA is synthesized in chloroplasts and cytoplasm and finally transferred to the vacuole for long-term storage.展开更多
Natural killer(NK)cells,a subgroup of innate lymphoid cells,act as the first line of defense against cancer.Although some evidence shows that NK cells can develop in secondary lymphoid tissues,NK cells develop mainly ...Natural killer(NK)cells,a subgroup of innate lymphoid cells,act as the first line of defense against cancer.Although some evidence shows that NK cells can develop in secondary lymphoid tissues,NK cells develop mainly in the bone marrow(BM)and egress into the blood circulation when they mature.They then migrate to and settle down in peripheral tissues,though some special subsets home back into the BM or secondary lymphoid organs.Owing to its success in allogeneic adoptive transfer for cancer treatment and its“off-the-shelf”potential,NK cell-based immunotherapy is attracting increasing attention in the treatment of various cancers.However,insufficient infiltration of adoptively transferred NK cells limits clinical utility,especially for solid tumors.Expansion of NK cells or engineered chimeric antigen receptor(CAR)NK cells ex vivo prior to adoptive transfer by using various cytokines alters the profiles of chemokine receptors,which affects the infiltration of transferred NK cells into tumor tissue.Several factors control NK cell trafficking and homing,including cell-intrinsic factors(e.g.,transcriptional factors),cell-extrinsic factors(e.g.,integrins,selectins,chemokines and their corresponding receptors,signals induced by cytokines,sphingosine-1-phosphate(S1P),etc.),and the cellular microenvironment.Here,we summarize the profiles and mechanisms of NK cell homing and trafficking at steady state and during tumor development,aiming to improve NK cell-based cancer immunotherapy.展开更多
In this study,the effects of various surface treatments on the friction and wear behavior of AISI 4140 steel have been evaluated.Sample surfaces of AISI 4140 steel were treated by quenching,carburizing,boronizing and ...In this study,the effects of various surface treatments on the friction and wear behavior of AISI 4140 steel have been evaluated.Sample surfaces of AISI 4140 steel were treated by quenching,carburizing,boronizing and plasma transferred arc （PTA） modification.The microstructural characteristics of surface treated steel samples were examined by optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy （SEM）.The mechanical properties of the samples including the surface roughness,microhardness,and abrasive and adhesive wear characteristics were also evaluated.Wear tests were applied by using a block-on-disc configuration under dry sliding conditions.The wear behavior and friction characteristics of the samples were determined as a function of sliding distance.Each sample group was compared with the other sample groups,and it was observed that the carburized samples demonstrated the lowest weight losses;however,PTA-treated samples demonstrated the lowest coefficient of friction in comparison to the other sample groups at the same sliding distance.展开更多
Interface functional groups play an essential role in regulating the electrical properties of bulk materials.In this work,we designed a novel strategy to explore a new way to enhance triboelectric performance by regul...Interface functional groups play an essential role in regulating the electrical properties of bulk materials.In this work,we designed a novel strategy to explore a new way to enhance triboelectric performance by regulating the functional groups between nano-fillers and polymer matrix without obvious changes in the dielectric constant.The silica nanoparticles(SNPs)modified perfluoro-silane coupling agents(PFSCAs)with different chain lengths were added to the polyvinylidene difluoride to regulate the transferred charge density(TCD)of triboelectric nanogenerators(TENGs).When the doping concentration of perfluorodecyl modified SNPs is 2.25 wt.%,the nanocomposite film based TENG exhibits the maximum TCD of 166μC/m^(2)and power density of 3.12 W/m^(2)which are 6 times and 39 times as big as those of pure polyvinylidene difluoride(PVDF)film.The charge accumulation and decay process show that interface functional groups dominate the performance of TENGs.Then,a Fermi level model is proposed and why the TCD could be regulated by the concentration of nanoparticles in bulk materials is explained.This work provides a new concept for understanding the performance of TENG independent dielectric constant and points out a new direction for enhancing TENG’s performance,since wealthy functional groups with selectivity are applicable.展开更多
On October 24,2020,a 17-year-old female was detected as having an asymptomatic infection of coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)during a regular nucleic acid test in Kashgar Prefecture,Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region.S...On October 24,2020,a 17-year-old female was detected as having an asymptomatic infection of coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)during a regular nucleic acid test in Kashgar Prefecture,Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region.She was then transferred to a local designated hospital for medical observation.The patient lived in Shufu County of Kashgar Prefecture and worked in a local garment factory.On the afternoon of October 24 after she was diagnosed as positive,a total of 831 persons in the garment factory were tested and the results were all negative.Afterwards,16 close contacts and 406 of close contacts of close contacts were also tested,and 137 were positive and had asymptomatic infections.展开更多
Plant cells possess the unique ability to revert differentiated somatic cells back to a pluripotent state,a trait utilized in in vitro tissue culture.This plant propagation strategy involves the exogenous supplementat...Plant cells possess the unique ability to revert differentiated somatic cells back to a pluripotent state,a trait utilized in in vitro tissue culture.This plant propagation strategy involves the exogenous supplementation of auxin and cytokinin,two phytohormones that promote cellular reprogramming and de novo organogenesis.When exposed to an auxin-rich medium,somatic cells proliferate and form the callus,a pluripotent cell mass.Following the attainment of pluripotency,the callus can be transferred to a cytokinin-rich medium to induce shoot regeneration.展开更多
Maternal nutrition can affect brain function of offspring in later life(Fitzgerald et al.,2020).Emerging studies have also shown that the maternal environment can modify susceptibility to neurodegenerative disease(Boo...Maternal nutrition can affect brain function of offspring in later life(Fitzgerald et al.,2020).Emerging studies have also shown that the maternal environment can modify susceptibility to neurodegenerative disease(Boots et al.,2023).Transmission of environmental information from mother to offspring depends on maternal nutrient provisioning.In the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans,maternal yolk,which is synthesized in the intestine and transferred to nourish oocytes and early embryos,can provide extranuclear inheritance factors to mediate phenotypic plasticity across generations.However,the molecular mechanisms of regulating such intergenerational effects remain largely unknown.展开更多
On July 4,2022,the first case of Omicron subvariant BA.5.2 in Beijing Municipality was discovered in Yanqing District.The case was a 49-yearold Chinese male who had arrived in Shanghai Municipality via international f...On July 4,2022,the first case of Omicron subvariant BA.5.2 in Beijing Municipality was discovered in Yanqing District.The case was a 49-yearold Chinese male who had arrived in Shanghai Municipality via international flight DL9927 from North Carolina,U.S.on June 15.He stayed in a hotel for the 14-day arrival quarantine and was discharged on June 30.He arrived in Beijing via domestic flight MU5103 on July 1 and was transferred point-to-point from the airport to his residence community in Yanqing District.On July 3,his sample was collected through community mass screening and reported positive in the next morning.The case had received 3 doses of Moderna’s mRNA vaccines in the U.S.,with the last shot on May 26,2022.展开更多
The widespread contamination of plastic materials has become a significant ecological concern, hindering progress toward sustainable development [1,2]. Plastic waste is widespread across various natural habitats, incl...The widespread contamination of plastic materials has become a significant ecological concern, hindering progress toward sustainable development [1,2]. Plastic waste is widespread across various natural habitats, including terrestrial and marine ecosystems[3,4]. Microplastics (MPs) primarily originate from the fragmentation of larger plastic pieces. Due to their small size, MPs are easily ingested by organisms and subsequently transferred through food webs, posing risks to human health [5,6].展开更多
On November 27,2021,a 67-year-old male returning from Canada via airplane was transferred to the central isolation hotel in Shanghai.During the quarantine,his 1st,4th,7th,and 14th days of specimens returned negative f...On November 27,2021,a 67-year-old male returning from Canada via airplane was transferred to the central isolation hotel in Shanghai.During the quarantine,his 1st,4th,7th,and 14th days of specimens returned negative for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2),which causes coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19).On December 11,he completed 14 days of centralized isolation and returned to Guangzhou from Shanghai via airplane,then he was closed-loop transferred to Yuexiu District for a 7-day home isolation.On December 12,the local Community Health Service Center routinely collected his throat swab and the result returned to COVID-19 positive on December 13,2021.He was transported to the Guangzhou Eighth People’s Hospital for isolated treatment by negative pressure ambulance on the same day.The patient had two inflamed lungs according to the chest computed tomography(CT)examination,but his most recently updated condition was stable.An estimated 600 close contacts were identified and were placed in centralized isolation.On December 16,one of the close contacts,a 70-year-old female also tested positive for COVID-19.She lived on the lower floor of the same type of apartment as the imported case and spent 19 hours in the same building.展开更多
Antitumor therapies based on adoptively transferred T cells or oncolytic viruses have made significant progress in recent years,but the limited efficiency of their infiltration into solid tumors makes it difficult to ...Antitumor therapies based on adoptively transferred T cells or oncolytic viruses have made significant progress in recent years,but the limited efficiency of their infiltration into solid tumors makes it difficult to achieve desired antitumor effects when used alone.In this study,an oncolytic virus(rVSV-LCMVG)that is not prone to induce virus-neutralizing antibodies was designed and combined with adoptively transferred T cells.By transforming the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment into an immunosensitive one,in B16 tumor-bearing mice,combination therapy showed superior antitumor effects than monotherapy.This occurred whether the OV was administered intratumorally or intravenously.Combination therapy significantly increased cytokine and chemokine levels within tumors and recruited CD8^(+)T cells to the TME to trigger antitumor immune responses.Pretreatment with adoptively transferred T cells and subsequent oncolytic virotherapy sensitizes refractory tumors by boosting T-cell recruitment,downregulating the expression of PD-1,and restoring effector T-cell function.To offer a combination therapy with greater translational value,mRNA vaccines were introduced to induce tumor-specific T cells instead of adoptively transferred T cells.The combination of OVs and mRNA vaccine also displays a significant reduction in tumor burden and prolonged survival.This study proposed a rational combination therapy of OVs with adoptive T-cell transfer or mRNA vaccines encoding tumor-associated antigens,in terms of synergistic efficacy and mechanism.展开更多
基金National Natural Science Foundation for Distinguished Young Scholars of China （50825502）
文摘The electro-hydrostatic actuator （EHA） is a kind of power-by-wire （PBW） actuator that converts the electrical power into localized hydraulic power for flight control. By removing the central hydraulic power supply together with hydraulic pipes, an EHA＇s reliability and efficiency are greatly improved but its frequency width and stiffness decreased. To overcome the drawback, this article proposes a novel structure of EHA associated with a power regulator. Composed of a high-pressure accumulator and a proportional valve, it can store and harness the hydraulic power flexibly according to the changing control requirements. The concept of transferred volume is put forward to estimate the capability of the power regulator. The actuator output position can be kept fixed with a hydraulic lock. The compounded control is specially developed to ensure the actuator system to operate in a correct manner. The simulation results indicate that the new-brand actuator results in efficient expanding of the system frequency width with an optimal power supply.
文摘Based on the principle of thermal conduction, three metal alloys （stainless steel, copper-tungsten and graphite） were chosen as the material of the high impulse current discharging switch. Experimental results indicate that the mass loss and surface erosion morphology of the electrode are related with the electrode material （conductivity σ, melting point Tin, density p and thermal capacity c） and the impulse transferred charge （or energy） per impulse for the same total impulse transferred charge. The experimental results indicate that the mass loss of stainless steel, copper-tungsten and graphite are 380.10 μg/C, 118.10 μg/C and 81.90 μg/C respectively under the condition of a total impulse transferred charge of 525 C and a transferred charge per impulse of 10.5 C. Under the same impulse transferred charge, the mass loss of copper-tungsten（118.10 μg/C） with the transferred charge per impulse at 10.5 C is far larger than the mass loss （38.61μg/C） at a 1.48 C transferred charge per impulse. The electrode erosion mechanism under high energy impulse arcs is analyzed briefly and it is suggested that by selecting high conductive metal or metal alloy as the electrode material of a high energy impulse spark gap switch and setting high erosion resistance material at the top of the electrode, the mass loss of the electrode can be reduced and the life of the switch prolonged.
基金the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2021YFC0863300)Three-Year Initiative Plan for Strengthening Public Health System Construction in Shanghai(GWV-2).
文摘On April 27,2022,an international flight KL857 from Amsterdam,the Netherlands arrived at Pudong International Airport,Shanghai Municipality.Passengers were transferred to the quarantine hotel for a routine 14-day medical observation in Songjiang District and regularly tested for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2).One of the passengers(a 37-year-old Chinese male)was reported positive and diagnosed as a mild case on April 29.The case set out from Uganda(flight KL535)on April 25 and transferred at Amsterdam,the Netherlands on April 26 and Seoul,the Republic of Korea(KL857)on April 27.The patient has been vaccinated in four doses against coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)(Beijing Institute of Biological Products Co.,Ltd)in China and Uganda.After diagnosis,he was transferred to Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center for treatment.He recovered after treatment and was discharged on May 12.
文摘A wear resistant （Cr, Fe）7C3/γ-Fe ceramalcomposite coating wasfabricatedon substrate of a 0.45% C carbon steel by plasma transferred arc （PTA） cladding process using the Fe-Cr-C elemental powder blends. The microstructure, microhardness and dry sliding wear resistance of the coating were evaluated. Results indicate that the plasma transferred arc clad ceramal composite coating has a rapidly solidified microstructure consisting of blocky primary （Cr, Fe）7C3 and the interblocky （ Cr, Fe）7C3/γ-Fe eutectics and is metallurgically bonded to the 0.45%C carbon steel substrate. The ceramal composite coating has high hardness and excellent wear resistance under dry sliding wear test condition.
基金the financial support to carry out this investigation through sponsored research and development project No.2003/20/36/1-BRNS.
文摘The application of response surface methodology was highlighted to predict and optimize the percentage of dilution of iron-based hardfaced surface produced by the PTA （plasma tratisferred arc welding） process. The experiments were conducted based on five-factor five-level central composite rotatable design with full replication technique and a mathematical model was developed using response surface methodology. Furthermore, the response surface methodology was also used to optimize the process parameters that yielded the lowest percentage of dilution.
基金Project (2016YFB0300502) supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of ChinaProjects (51601129,51775386) supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China+2 种基金Project (16PJ1410000) supported by Shanghai Pujiang Program,ChinaProject (16ZR1438700) supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Shanghai,ChinaProject (TPL1706) supported by Traction Power State Key Laboratory of Southwest Jiaotong University,China
文摘Ni-based composite coatings with a high content of tungsten carbides(Stelcar65composite coatings)were synthesized by plasma transferred arc(PTA)hardfacing.The welding parameters of Stelcar65composite coatings were optimized by orthogonal tests.The PTA welding parameters including welding current,powder feed rate and welding speed have significant influence on the tungsten carbide degradation.The values for the optimum welding current,powder feed rate and welding speed were determined to be100A,25g/min and40mm/min,respectively.The produced WC/Ni-based composite coatings were crack-and degradation-free.The microstructure of deposited layers,as well as the microstructure and microhardness of the optimal coating were further analyzed.
基金This work is financially supported by the Scientific Research Foundation for Young Teachers of Anhui Province, China (No. 2006jql082).
文摘Cobalt-based alloys with different Y2O3 contents were deposited on Q235A-carbon steel using plasma transferred arc （PTA） welding machine. The effect of Y2O3 on the microstructure and wear resistance properties of the cobait-based alloys were investigated using an optical microscope, a scanning electron microscope （SEM）, X-ray diffraction （XRD）, and transmission electron microscopy （TEM）. It was found that a cobalt-based solid solution with a face-centered cubic crystal structure was presented accompanied by the secondary phase M7C3 with a hexagonal crystal structure in the Y2O3-free cobalt-based alloy coating. Several stacking faults exist in the cobalt-based solid solution. The addition of Y2O3 leads to the existence of the Y2O3 phase in the Y2O3-modified coatings. Though stacking fault exists in the Y2O3-modified coatings, its density increases. The addition of Y2O3 can refine the microstructure and can increase the wear resistance properties when its contents are less than or equal to 0.8 wt.%. However, further increase of its contents will lead to the agglomeration of undissolved Y2O3 particles at the γ-Co grain boundary, and will lead to a coarse microstructure and lower wear resistance properties.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31500261)the Guangdong Province Science and Technology Plan Project(2014B090904074)+1 种基金the Youth Foundation of the College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture of South China Agricultural University(201603)open funds from the State Key Laboratory for the Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources(SKLCUSA-b201701).
文摘Hydroxycinnamoyl-CoA quinate transferase(HQT)is one of the key enzymes in the biosynthesis of chlorogenic acid(CGA)in the flowers of Lonicera japonica.However,the spatiotemporal expression patterns of HQT and its relationship to the dynamics of CGA biosynthesis,transport,and storage remain largely unknown.In this study,we collected L.japonica flower samples at different growth stages(S1–S6)and examined the spatiotemporal expression pattern of HQT and the dynamic accumulation patterns of CGA using a combination of molecular and cytological techniques.Our results suggest that the spatiotemporal expression pattern of HQT is directly correlated with dynamic changes in CGA accumulation and distribution in L.japonica flowers.We further show that CGA is synthesized primarily in the cytoplasm and chloroplasts.CGA synthesized in the cytoplasm first accumulates in specialized vesicles and is then transferred to large central vacuoles for storage by fusion of CGA-containing vesicles with vacuoles.Furthermore,CGA synthesized in the chloroplasts appears to be transferred into the vacuoles for storage by direct membrane fusion between the tonoplast and the disrupted chloroplast membranes.Collectively,our results suggest that CGA is synthesized in chloroplasts and cytoplasm and finally transferred to the vacuole for long-term storage.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.81922068 and 81874313)Y.D.This study was also supported by funding from the National Key Research and Development Project(Nos.2020YFA0113500 and 2019YFA0111200) Y.D.This study was also supported by National undergraduate training program for innovation and entrepreneurship(No.2020XBK28)to Y.D.
文摘Natural killer(NK)cells,a subgroup of innate lymphoid cells,act as the first line of defense against cancer.Although some evidence shows that NK cells can develop in secondary lymphoid tissues,NK cells develop mainly in the bone marrow(BM)and egress into the blood circulation when they mature.They then migrate to and settle down in peripheral tissues,though some special subsets home back into the BM or secondary lymphoid organs.Owing to its success in allogeneic adoptive transfer for cancer treatment and its“off-the-shelf”potential,NK cell-based immunotherapy is attracting increasing attention in the treatment of various cancers.However,insufficient infiltration of adoptively transferred NK cells limits clinical utility,especially for solid tumors.Expansion of NK cells or engineered chimeric antigen receptor(CAR)NK cells ex vivo prior to adoptive transfer by using various cytokines alters the profiles of chemokine receptors,which affects the infiltration of transferred NK cells into tumor tissue.Several factors control NK cell trafficking and homing,including cell-intrinsic factors(e.g.,transcriptional factors),cell-extrinsic factors(e.g.,integrins,selectins,chemokines and their corresponding receptors,signals induced by cytokines,sphingosine-1-phosphate(S1P),etc.),and the cellular microenvironment.Here,we summarize the profiles and mechanisms of NK cell homing and trafficking at steady state and during tumor development,aiming to improve NK cell-based cancer immunotherapy.
基金supported by the Eskisehir Osmangazi University Research Council (No. 200315015)
文摘In this study,the effects of various surface treatments on the friction and wear behavior of AISI 4140 steel have been evaluated.Sample surfaces of AISI 4140 steel were treated by quenching,carburizing,boronizing and plasma transferred arc （PTA） modification.The microstructural characteristics of surface treated steel samples were examined by optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy （SEM）.The mechanical properties of the samples including the surface roughness,microhardness,and abrasive and adhesive wear characteristics were also evaluated.Wear tests were applied by using a block-on-disc configuration under dry sliding conditions.The wear behavior and friction characteristics of the samples were determined as a function of sliding distance.Each sample group was compared with the other sample groups,and it was observed that the carburized samples demonstrated the lowest weight losses;however,PTA-treated samples demonstrated the lowest coefficient of friction in comparison to the other sample groups at the same sliding distance.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.52073032 and 51872031)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(No.JB211305).
文摘Interface functional groups play an essential role in regulating the electrical properties of bulk materials.In this work,we designed a novel strategy to explore a new way to enhance triboelectric performance by regulating the functional groups between nano-fillers and polymer matrix without obvious changes in the dielectric constant.The silica nanoparticles(SNPs)modified perfluoro-silane coupling agents(PFSCAs)with different chain lengths were added to the polyvinylidene difluoride to regulate the transferred charge density(TCD)of triboelectric nanogenerators(TENGs).When the doping concentration of perfluorodecyl modified SNPs is 2.25 wt.%,the nanocomposite film based TENG exhibits the maximum TCD of 166μC/m^(2)and power density of 3.12 W/m^(2)which are 6 times and 39 times as big as those of pure polyvinylidene difluoride(PVDF)film.The charge accumulation and decay process show that interface functional groups dominate the performance of TENGs.Then,a Fermi level model is proposed and why the TCD could be regulated by the concentration of nanoparticles in bulk materials is explained.This work provides a new concept for understanding the performance of TENG independent dielectric constant and points out a new direction for enhancing TENG’s performance,since wealthy functional groups with selectivity are applicable.
文摘On October 24,2020,a 17-year-old female was detected as having an asymptomatic infection of coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)during a regular nucleic acid test in Kashgar Prefecture,Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region.She was then transferred to a local designated hospital for medical observation.The patient lived in Shufu County of Kashgar Prefecture and worked in a local garment factory.On the afternoon of October 24 after she was diagnosed as positive,a total of 831 persons in the garment factory were tested and the results were all negative.Afterwards,16 close contacts and 406 of close contacts of close contacts were also tested,and 137 were positive and had asymptomatic infections.
基金supported by the ERC Consolidator Grant project 101001320-SynOxyS(F.L.)Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council grant CBR00400(X.C.).
文摘Plant cells possess the unique ability to revert differentiated somatic cells back to a pluripotent state,a trait utilized in in vitro tissue culture.This plant propagation strategy involves the exogenous supplementation of auxin and cytokinin,two phytohormones that promote cellular reprogramming and de novo organogenesis.When exposed to an auxin-rich medium,somatic cells proliferate and form the callus,a pluripotent cell mass.Following the attainment of pluripotency,the callus can be transferred to a cytokinin-rich medium to induce shoot regeneration.
基金supported by the National Health and Medical Research Council grants GNT1105374,GNT1137645 and GNT2000766(to RP).
文摘Maternal nutrition can affect brain function of offspring in later life(Fitzgerald et al.,2020).Emerging studies have also shown that the maternal environment can modify susceptibility to neurodegenerative disease(Boots et al.,2023).Transmission of environmental information from mother to offspring depends on maternal nutrient provisioning.In the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans,maternal yolk,which is synthesized in the intestine and transferred to nourish oocytes and early embryos,can provide extranuclear inheritance factors to mediate phenotypic plasticity across generations.However,the molecular mechanisms of regulating such intergenerational effects remain largely unknown.
基金National Key Research and Development Program of China(2021ZD0114103).
文摘On July 4,2022,the first case of Omicron subvariant BA.5.2 in Beijing Municipality was discovered in Yanqing District.The case was a 49-yearold Chinese male who had arrived in Shanghai Municipality via international flight DL9927 from North Carolina,U.S.on June 15.He stayed in a hotel for the 14-day arrival quarantine and was discharged on June 30.He arrived in Beijing via domestic flight MU5103 on July 1 and was transferred point-to-point from the airport to his residence community in Yanqing District.On July 3,his sample was collected through community mass screening and reported positive in the next morning.The case had received 3 doses of Moderna’s mRNA vaccines in the U.S.,with the last shot on May 26,2022.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (51908524)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Public-interest Scientific Institution (2022YSKY-34)。
文摘The widespread contamination of plastic materials has become a significant ecological concern, hindering progress toward sustainable development [1,2]. Plastic waste is widespread across various natural habitats, including terrestrial and marine ecosystems[3,4]. Microplastics (MPs) primarily originate from the fragmentation of larger plastic pieces. Due to their small size, MPs are easily ingested by organisms and subsequently transferred through food webs, posing risks to human health [5,6].
基金The Basic Research Project of Key Laboratory of Guangzhou(No.202102100001)The Key Project of Medicine Discipline of Guangzhou(No.2021–2023-11).
文摘On November 27,2021,a 67-year-old male returning from Canada via airplane was transferred to the central isolation hotel in Shanghai.During the quarantine,his 1st,4th,7th,and 14th days of specimens returned negative for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2),which causes coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19).On December 11,he completed 14 days of centralized isolation and returned to Guangzhou from Shanghai via airplane,then he was closed-loop transferred to Yuexiu District for a 7-day home isolation.On December 12,the local Community Health Service Center routinely collected his throat swab and the result returned to COVID-19 positive on December 13,2021.He was transported to the Guangzhou Eighth People’s Hospital for isolated treatment by negative pressure ambulance on the same day.The patient had two inflamed lungs according to the chest computed tomography(CT)examination,but his most recently updated condition was stable.An estimated 600 close contacts were identified and were placed in centralized isolation.On December 16,one of the close contacts,a 70-year-old female also tested positive for COVID-19.She lived on the lower floor of the same type of apartment as the imported case and spent 19 hours in the same building.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China grants 82322027(to T.Z.),82341043(to T.Z.),32170943(to T.Z.),81991491(to N.X.),32300744(to H.X.)Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities 20720220003(to N.X.)。
文摘Antitumor therapies based on adoptively transferred T cells or oncolytic viruses have made significant progress in recent years,but the limited efficiency of their infiltration into solid tumors makes it difficult to achieve desired antitumor effects when used alone.In this study,an oncolytic virus(rVSV-LCMVG)that is not prone to induce virus-neutralizing antibodies was designed and combined with adoptively transferred T cells.By transforming the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment into an immunosensitive one,in B16 tumor-bearing mice,combination therapy showed superior antitumor effects than monotherapy.This occurred whether the OV was administered intratumorally or intravenously.Combination therapy significantly increased cytokine and chemokine levels within tumors and recruited CD8^(+)T cells to the TME to trigger antitumor immune responses.Pretreatment with adoptively transferred T cells and subsequent oncolytic virotherapy sensitizes refractory tumors by boosting T-cell recruitment,downregulating the expression of PD-1,and restoring effector T-cell function.To offer a combination therapy with greater translational value,mRNA vaccines were introduced to induce tumor-specific T cells instead of adoptively transferred T cells.The combination of OVs and mRNA vaccine also displays a significant reduction in tumor burden and prolonged survival.This study proposed a rational combination therapy of OVs with adoptive T-cell transfer or mRNA vaccines encoding tumor-associated antigens,in terms of synergistic efficacy and mechanism.
