Skeletal muscles are essential for locomotion,posture,and metabolic regulation.To understand physiological processes,exercise adaptation,and muscle-related disorders,it is critical to understand the molecular pathways...Skeletal muscles are essential for locomotion,posture,and metabolic regulation.To understand physiological processes,exercise adaptation,and muscle-related disorders,it is critical to understand the molecular pathways that underlie skeletal muscle function.The process of muscle contra ction,orchestrated by a complex interplay of molecular events,is at the core of skeletal muscle function.Muscle contraction is initiated by an action potential and neuromuscular transmission requiring a neuromuscular junction.Within muscle fibers,calcium ions play a critical role in mediating the interaction between actin and myosin filaments that generate force.Regulation of calcium release from the sarcoplasmic reticulum plays a key role in excitation-contraction coupling.The development and growth of skeletal muscle are regulated by a network of molecular pathways collectively known as myogenesis.Myogenic regulators coordinate the diffe rentiation of myoblasts into mature muscle fibers.Signaling pathways regulate muscle protein synthesis and hypertrophy in response to mechanical stimuli and nutrient availability.Seve ral muscle-related diseases,including congenital myasthenic disorders,sarcopenia,muscular dystrophies,and metabolic myopathies,are underpinned by dys regulated molecular pathways in skeletal muscle.Therapeutic interventions aimed at preserving muscle mass and function,enhancing regeneration,and improving metabolic health hold promise by targeting specific molecular pathways.Other molecular signaling pathways in skeletal muscle include the canonical Wnt signaling pathway,a critical regulator of myogenesis,muscle regeneration,and metabolic function,and the Hippo signaling pathway.In recent years,more details have been uncovered about the role of these two pathways during myogenesis and in developing and adult skeletal muscle fibers,and at the neuromuscular junction.In fact,research in the last few years now suggests that these two signaling pathways are interconnected and that they jointly control physiological and pat展开更多
基金supported by the German Research Council(Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft,HA3309/3-1/2,HA3309/6-1,HA3309/7-1)。
文摘Skeletal muscles are essential for locomotion,posture,and metabolic regulation.To understand physiological processes,exercise adaptation,and muscle-related disorders,it is critical to understand the molecular pathways that underlie skeletal muscle function.The process of muscle contra ction,orchestrated by a complex interplay of molecular events,is at the core of skeletal muscle function.Muscle contraction is initiated by an action potential and neuromuscular transmission requiring a neuromuscular junction.Within muscle fibers,calcium ions play a critical role in mediating the interaction between actin and myosin filaments that generate force.Regulation of calcium release from the sarcoplasmic reticulum plays a key role in excitation-contraction coupling.The development and growth of skeletal muscle are regulated by a network of molecular pathways collectively known as myogenesis.Myogenic regulators coordinate the diffe rentiation of myoblasts into mature muscle fibers.Signaling pathways regulate muscle protein synthesis and hypertrophy in response to mechanical stimuli and nutrient availability.Seve ral muscle-related diseases,including congenital myasthenic disorders,sarcopenia,muscular dystrophies,and metabolic myopathies,are underpinned by dys regulated molecular pathways in skeletal muscle.Therapeutic interventions aimed at preserving muscle mass and function,enhancing regeneration,and improving metabolic health hold promise by targeting specific molecular pathways.Other molecular signaling pathways in skeletal muscle include the canonical Wnt signaling pathway,a critical regulator of myogenesis,muscle regeneration,and metabolic function,and the Hippo signaling pathway.In recent years,more details have been uncovered about the role of these two pathways during myogenesis and in developing and adult skeletal muscle fibers,and at the neuromuscular junction.In fact,research in the last few years now suggests that these two signaling pathways are interconnected and that they jointly control physiological and pat
文摘[目的]阐明转导素β1X连锁受体蛋白1 (transducin β-like 1 X-linked receptor 1,TBL1XR1)可介导上皮-间质转化和干细胞特性,从而调控头颈鳞癌细胞的迁移、侵袭。[方法]利用UALCAN数据库网站搜索TBL1XR1在头颈鳞癌组织及癌旁组织中的表达情况,应用Cbioprotal在线分析平台分析癌症基因组图集(The Cancer Genome Atlas,TCGA)数据库中523例头颈鳞癌RNA-SEQ数据。将慢病毒介导的TBL1XR1过表达载体、沉默载体和对应空白载体分别转染头颈鳞癌细胞Tu686。划痕愈合实验、Transwell迁移和侵袭实验评价Tu686细胞的迁移、侵袭能力;Western blot、qRT-PCR检测上皮-间质转化标志物表达;肿瘤球形成实验、qRT-PCR检测干细胞特性;抑制Wnt/β-catenin信号通路后检测TBL1XR1过表达引起的细胞迁移、侵袭、上皮-间质转化和干细胞特性。[结果] TBL1XR1 mRNA在头颈鳞癌组织中的表达明显高于相应癌旁组织(P<0.001)。过表达TBL1XR1的Tu686细胞划痕愈合能力(90%±4%vs 53%±6%)、Transwell迁移(0.68±0.04 vs 0.32±0.03)、侵袭能力(0.59±0.04 vs 0.26±0.04)较对照组显著性增强(P均<0.05)。TBL1XR1表达被抑制时,细胞划痕愈合能力(70%±4%vs 96%±5%)、Transwell迁移(0.32±0.06 vs 0.63±0.08)、侵袭能力(0.24±0.04 vs 0.52±0.05)较对照组显著性降低(P均<0.05)。TBL1XR1过表达后,Tu686细胞的间质细胞标志物Vimentin、N-cadherin表达升高,上皮细胞标志物E-cadherin表达降低;肿瘤球形成数较对照组明显增多(41±9 vs 13±4,P<0.05),肿瘤干细胞标志物ALDH1、CD44、CD133表达上调。抑制Wnt/β-catenin信号通路可部分逆转TBL1XR1过表达引起的迁移、侵袭、上皮-间质转化及干细胞特性改变。[结论] TBL1XR1可在体外介导上皮-间质转化和干细胞特性,进而促进头颈鳞癌细胞迁移、侵袭,其调控机制可能与Wnt/β-catenin信号通路相关。
