随着新能源利用技术的不断推进,为充分发挥综合能源系统(integrated energy systems,IES)的经济–环境效益,低碳发展理念可以引导IES由高排放能源消耗转向低排放能源消耗。但是由于IES具有能源多样性和不同能源链迁移转化过程的复杂性,...随着新能源利用技术的不断推进,为充分发挥综合能源系统(integrated energy systems,IES)的经济–环境效益,低碳发展理念可以引导IES由高排放能源消耗转向低排放能源消耗。但是由于IES具有能源多样性和不同能源链迁移转化过程的复杂性,无法准确分析IES的总碳排放,进而难以使IES参与碳交易市场。研究针对含气电热负荷需求的IES,运用生命周期分析(lifecycleassessment,LCA)方法,分析IES中不同能源链(energy chain,EC)迁移转化过程产生的碳排放,求得归一计量后的碳排放系数。将其与碳交易机制模型联合引入IES经济运行的决策指标中。在保证系统负荷需求的同时,将IES分为离网型与并网型2种场景,对比讨论不同碳交易价格对系统运行状态、运行成本、碳排放量的影响,并通过改进能效分析方法对2种场景下IES的节能情况和综合能源利用率进行定量分析。结果表明,合理的规划碳市场可以有效促进IES低碳化发展。该文也为IES低碳化建模以及碳排放计量提供了分析方法。展开更多
The parallel corporate average fuel consumption(CAFC)and new energy vehicle(NEV)credit schemes that have been introduced by the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology of China is an innovative attempt to simu...The parallel corporate average fuel consumption(CAFC)and new energy vehicle(NEV)credit schemes that have been introduced by the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology of China is an innovative attempt to simultaneously regulate conventional gasoline vehicles(CGVs)and NEVs in the passenger vehicle sector that is expected to function as a long-term management mechanism for CGVs to be more energy-efficient and NEVs to be well-promoted.This will have a significant impact on trends in China’s automotive industry and automakers’business decisions.Taking the cases of four typical automakers with different levels of average fuel economy in their CGVs and advanced NEV production,scenario analysis has been applied to generate these automakers’alternatives in relation to compliance with the dual-credit regulations in force from 2017 to 2020 based on the Interim Measures on the Joint Management of CAFC and NEV Credits(Draft).These automakers’alternative approaches to compliance are compared.Further,in view of the financial losses as a result of halted production if they fail to comply,the values of CAFC and NEV credits and corresponding influencing factors are analyzed from the automakers’perspective.Finally,the most cost-effective compliance strategies for these automakers are summarized and suggested improvements in the regulations are proposed for the government.展开更多
As a promising solution to address the“energy trilemma”confronting human society,peer-to-peer(P2P)energy trading has emerged and rapidly developed in recent years.When carrying out P2P energy trading,customers with ...As a promising solution to address the“energy trilemma”confronting human society,peer-to-peer(P2P)energy trading has emerged and rapidly developed in recent years.When carrying out P2P energy trading,customers with distributed energy resources(DERs)are able to directly trade and share energy with each other.This paper summarizes and analyzes the global development of P2P energy trading based on a comprehensive review of related academic papers,research projects,and industrial practice.Key aspects in P2P energy trading are identified and discussed,including market design,trading platforms,physical infrastructure and information and communication technology(ICT)infrastructure,social science perspectives,and policy.For each key aspect,existing research and practice are critically reviewed and insights for future development are presented.Comprehensive concluding remarks are provided at the end,summarizing the major findings and perspectives of this paper.P2P energy trading is a growing field with great potential and opportunities for both academia and industry across the world.展开更多
Greenhouse gas emission regulation and renewable energy promotion policies have been implemented in many countries.Yet these two kinds of regulation policies have complex interactions between each other,and can either...Greenhouse gas emission regulation and renewable energy promotion policies have been implemented in many countries.Yet these two kinds of regulation policies have complex interactions between each other,and can either enhance or reduce the overall emission reduction efficiency.If not well tuned,these regulation policies may deviate from their original intention and lead to unnecessary social cost.Hence,the policy effectiveness,cost effectiveness,and dynamic efficiency of different policy mixtures between emission trading and renewable energy subsidy are studied based on a novel dynamic simulation platform of power economy and power system.Simulation results show that these two kinds of regulation policy can coexist,but a good coordination between the emission trading and the renewable energy subsidy can achieve better emission reduction outcomes.展开更多
“碳达峰”“碳中和”(以下简称“双碳”)为全球能源行业减排带来新的挑战,油气行业首当其冲。欧洲作为“碳中和”的有力倡导者,在能源转型领域走在世界前列。为了探索中国油气行业在“双碳”新形势下的发展方向,对欧盟能源公司在转型...“碳达峰”“碳中和”(以下简称“双碳”)为全球能源行业减排带来新的挑战,油气行业首当其冲。欧洲作为“碳中和”的有力倡导者,在能源转型领域走在世界前列。为了探索中国油气行业在“双碳”新形势下的发展方向,对欧盟能源公司在转型过程中面对的挑战及其抓住机遇深化改革的实践进行分析研究,结合中国油气行业行情,提出合理建议。建议中国油气公司积极转型,大力发展天然气业务,积极研发碳捕捉、利用与封存(Carbon Capture Utilization and Storage,CCUS)和氢能等绿色能源技术,拓展资金渠道,引入绿色金融,更好迎接“双碳”目标下的挑战与机遇,实现全面高质量发展。展开更多
为探索虚拟电厂(virtual power plant,VPP)兼顾经济性与低碳性的竞价策略,从VPP作为价格制定者的角度提出一种计及碳交易与风险的VPP参与电能量市场和备用市场的主从博弈竞价模型。以含风电、光伏的VPP为研究对象,首先,采用基准线法为VP...为探索虚拟电厂(virtual power plant,VPP)兼顾经济性与低碳性的竞价策略,从VPP作为价格制定者的角度提出一种计及碳交易与风险的VPP参与电能量市场和备用市场的主从博弈竞价模型。以含风电、光伏的VPP为研究对象,首先,采用基准线法为VPP无偿分配碳排放配额,建立VPP的碳交易模型;之后建立了基于主从博弈理论的双层竞价模型,上层领导者为参与碳、电、备用市场的VPP运营商,下层跟随者为电力市场运营商;同时,运用条件风险值(conditional value at risk,CVaR)将上层问题转化为计及风险的多目标优化问题;最后采用遗传算法和求解器联合求解。算例表明该模型可以在多市场的环境下提供经济、低碳的竞价策略及不同市场的出力计划,并分析了不同市场类型、碳交易的加入、不同风险厌恶系数对VPP竞价结果的影响,为提高VPP运营商收益提供了新思路。展开更多
文摘随着新能源利用技术的不断推进,为充分发挥综合能源系统(integrated energy systems,IES)的经济–环境效益,低碳发展理念可以引导IES由高排放能源消耗转向低排放能源消耗。但是由于IES具有能源多样性和不同能源链迁移转化过程的复杂性,无法准确分析IES的总碳排放,进而难以使IES参与碳交易市场。研究针对含气电热负荷需求的IES,运用生命周期分析(lifecycleassessment,LCA)方法,分析IES中不同能源链(energy chain,EC)迁移转化过程产生的碳排放,求得归一计量后的碳排放系数。将其与碳交易机制模型联合引入IES经济运行的决策指标中。在保证系统负荷需求的同时,将IES分为离网型与并网型2种场景,对比讨论不同碳交易价格对系统运行状态、运行成本、碳排放量的影响,并通过改进能效分析方法对2种场景下IES的节能情况和综合能源利用率进行定量分析。结果表明,合理的规划碳市场可以有效促进IES低碳化发展。该文也为IES低碳化建模以及碳排放计量提供了分析方法。
基金This study is sponsored by the Natural Science Foundation of Beijing(9162008)Ministry of Science and Technol-ogy of China(ZLY2015017).
文摘The parallel corporate average fuel consumption(CAFC)and new energy vehicle(NEV)credit schemes that have been introduced by the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology of China is an innovative attempt to simultaneously regulate conventional gasoline vehicles(CGVs)and NEVs in the passenger vehicle sector that is expected to function as a long-term management mechanism for CGVs to be more energy-efficient and NEVs to be well-promoted.This will have a significant impact on trends in China’s automotive industry and automakers’business decisions.Taking the cases of four typical automakers with different levels of average fuel economy in their CGVs and advanced NEV production,scenario analysis has been applied to generate these automakers’alternatives in relation to compliance with the dual-credit regulations in force from 2017 to 2020 based on the Interim Measures on the Joint Management of CAFC and NEV Credits(Draft).These automakers’alternative approaches to compliance are compared.Further,in view of the financial losses as a result of halted production if they fail to comply,the values of CAFC and NEV credits and corresponding influencing factors are analyzed from the automakers’perspective.Finally,the most cost-effective compliance strategies for these automakers are summarized and suggested improvements in the regulations are proposed for the government.
基金the Horizon 2020 project P2P-SmarTest,EPSRC Supergen Hub on Energy Networks(EP/S00078X/1)and MISTRAL(EP/N017064/1).
文摘As a promising solution to address the“energy trilemma”confronting human society,peer-to-peer(P2P)energy trading has emerged and rapidly developed in recent years.When carrying out P2P energy trading,customers with distributed energy resources(DERs)are able to directly trade and share energy with each other.This paper summarizes and analyzes the global development of P2P energy trading based on a comprehensive review of related academic papers,research projects,and industrial practice.Key aspects in P2P energy trading are identified and discussed,including market design,trading platforms,physical infrastructure and information and communication technology(ICT)infrastructure,social science perspectives,and policy.For each key aspect,existing research and practice are critically reviewed and insights for future development are presented.Comprehensive concluding remarks are provided at the end,summarizing the major findings and perspectives of this paper.P2P energy trading is a growing field with great potential and opportunities for both academia and industry across the world.
基金This work was jointly supported by the Major Projects on Planning and Operation Control of Large Scale Grid,State Grid Corporation of China(SGCC-MPLG001-2012)State Grid EPRI Project(YS11002)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(91024028).
文摘Greenhouse gas emission regulation and renewable energy promotion policies have been implemented in many countries.Yet these two kinds of regulation policies have complex interactions between each other,and can either enhance or reduce the overall emission reduction efficiency.If not well tuned,these regulation policies may deviate from their original intention and lead to unnecessary social cost.Hence,the policy effectiveness,cost effectiveness,and dynamic efficiency of different policy mixtures between emission trading and renewable energy subsidy are studied based on a novel dynamic simulation platform of power economy and power system.Simulation results show that these two kinds of regulation policy can coexist,but a good coordination between the emission trading and the renewable energy subsidy can achieve better emission reduction outcomes.
文摘“碳达峰”“碳中和”(以下简称“双碳”)为全球能源行业减排带来新的挑战,油气行业首当其冲。欧洲作为“碳中和”的有力倡导者,在能源转型领域走在世界前列。为了探索中国油气行业在“双碳”新形势下的发展方向,对欧盟能源公司在转型过程中面对的挑战及其抓住机遇深化改革的实践进行分析研究,结合中国油气行业行情,提出合理建议。建议中国油气公司积极转型,大力发展天然气业务,积极研发碳捕捉、利用与封存(Carbon Capture Utilization and Storage,CCUS)和氢能等绿色能源技术,拓展资金渠道,引入绿色金融,更好迎接“双碳”目标下的挑战与机遇,实现全面高质量发展。
文摘为探索虚拟电厂(virtual power plant,VPP)兼顾经济性与低碳性的竞价策略,从VPP作为价格制定者的角度提出一种计及碳交易与风险的VPP参与电能量市场和备用市场的主从博弈竞价模型。以含风电、光伏的VPP为研究对象,首先,采用基准线法为VPP无偿分配碳排放配额,建立VPP的碳交易模型;之后建立了基于主从博弈理论的双层竞价模型,上层领导者为参与碳、电、备用市场的VPP运营商,下层跟随者为电力市场运营商;同时,运用条件风险值(conditional value at risk,CVaR)将上层问题转化为计及风险的多目标优化问题;最后采用遗传算法和求解器联合求解。算例表明该模型可以在多市场的环境下提供经济、低碳的竞价策略及不同市场的出力计划,并分析了不同市场类型、碳交易的加入、不同风险厌恶系数对VPP竞价结果的影响,为提高VPP运营商收益提供了新思路。
