To determine the effects of plant-based meat analogues on the metabolic health and the possible mechanisms,mice were fed with a real pork diet(AP),a real beef diet(AB),a plant-based pork analogue diet(PP)and plant-bas...To determine the effects of plant-based meat analogues on the metabolic health and the possible mechanisms,mice were fed with a real pork diet(AP),a real beef diet(AB),a plant-based pork analogue diet(PP)and plant-based beef analogue diet(PB)for 68 days.Compared with real meat,the plant-based meat analogues increased food and energy intake,body weight,white fat and liver weight and caused adipocyte hypertrophy,hepatic lipid droplet accumulation,and inflammatory responses in mice.Metabolomics revealed that plantbased meat analogues altered the composition of serum metabolites,which regulated lipid metabolism homeostasis.The PB diet upregulated gene expression related to lipid synthesis,lipolysis and adipocyte differentiation while the PP diet upregulated expression of lipolysis-related genes but downregulated expression of adipocyte differentiation-related genes in white adipose tissue.Meanwhile,both PP and PB diets upregulated lipid influx-and synthesis-related genes but downregulated lipid oxidation-related genes in liver.The specific metabolite biomarkers may affect fat accumulation mainly by direct lipid metabolism pathways or indirect amino acid metabolism,protein digestion and absorption,bile secretion,aminoacyl-tRNA biosynthesis,neuroactive ligand-receptor interaction and ABC transporters pathways.These findings provide a new insight into understanding the differences in nutritional functions of meat and plant-based meat analogues.展开更多
Background: The high mortality of pre-weanling piglets is a dominant challenge which severely restricts the development of pig industry. A number of factors including nutrients imbalance and temperature variation duri...Background: The high mortality of pre-weanling piglets is a dominant challenge which severely restricts the development of pig industry. A number of factors including nutrients imbalance and temperature variation during postnatal period of piglets have been reported to closely associated with the high mortality of postnatal piglets.This study aims to find out the relationship between fat deposition and survival of newborn piglets.Results: There were no differences in organ coefficient and bone density between the surviving and dead piglets(P > 0.05). The body weight and the fat deposition in the dead piglets were lower than the live individuals(P < 0.05).Consistently, the average sizes of white adipocytes in back and abdominal adipose tissues of dead piglets were smaller than the survivals(P < 0.05). The protein expression levels of adipocyte differentiation markers PPARγ and C/EBPα in the back and abdominal adipose tissues were lower in dead piglets compared to live piglets. The mRNA expressions of thermogenic markers PGC1α and PRDM16 in adipose tissues were decreased in the dead piglets(P < 0.05). The microarray of back fat samples from the surviving and dead piglets were conducted; two down-regulated genes namely AAMDC and CASTOR1 were identified from the dead piglets. According to quantitative real-time PCR(RT-PCR) analysis, the mRNA expression of AAMDC decreased, whereas CASTOR1 expression elevated in the dead piglets compared to the surviving piglets(P < 0.05).Conclusions: The fat deposition and adipocyte differentiation in the dead piglets are insufficient compared to the surviving piglets, which may attenuate the thermogenic ability of white adipose tissue(WAT). Our data indicate that fat deposition in newborn piglets is vital to their survival.展开更多
Background:P311,a highly conserved 8 kDa intracellular protein,has recently been reported to play an important role in aggravating hypertrophic scaring by promoting the differentiation and secretion of fibroblasts.Nev...Background:P311,a highly conserved 8 kDa intracellular protein,has recently been reported to play an important role in aggravating hypertrophic scaring by promoting the differentiation and secretion of fibroblasts.Nevertheless,how P311 regulates the differentiation and function of fibroblasts to affect granulation tissue formation remains unclear.In this work,we studied the underlying mechanisms via which P311 affects fibroblasts and promotes acute skin wound repair.Methods:To explore the role of P311,both in vitro and in vivo wound-healing models were used.Full-thickness skin excisional wounds were made in wild-type and P311−/−C57 adult mice.Wound healing rate,re-epithelialization,granulation tissue formation and collagen deposition were measured at days 3,6 and 9 after skin injury.The biological phenotypes of fibroblasts,the expression of target proteins and relevant signaling pathways were examined both in vitro and in vivo.Results:P311 could promote the proliferation and differentiation of fibroblasts,enhance the ability of myofibroblasts to secrete extracellular matrix and promote cell contraction,and then facilitate the formation of granulation tissue and eventually accelerate skin wound closure.Importantly,we discovered that P311 acts via up-regulating the expression of type II transforming growth factor-βreceptor(TGF-βRII)in fibroblasts and promoting the activation of the TGF-βRII-Smad signaling pathway.Mechanistically,the mammalian target of rapamycin signaling pathway is closely implicated in the regulation of the TGF-βRII-Smad pathway in fibroblasts mediated by P311.Conclusions:P311 plays a critical role in activation of the TGF-βRII-Smad pathway to promote fibroblast proliferation and differentiation as well as granulation tissue formation in the process of skin wound repair.展开更多
Tissue engineering’s main goal is to regenerate or replace tissues or organs that have been destroyed by disease,injury,or congenital disabilities.Tissue engineering now uses artificial supporting structures called s...Tissue engineering’s main goal is to regenerate or replace tissues or organs that have been destroyed by disease,injury,or congenital disabilities.Tissue engineering now uses artificial supporting structures called scaffolds to restore damaged tissues and organs.These are utilized to attach the right cells and then grow them.Rapid prototyping appears to be the most promising technology due to its high level of precision and control.Bone tissue replacement“scaffolding”is a common theme discussed in this article.The fused deposition technique was used to construct our scaffold,and a polymer called polylactic acids and soybean oil resin were used to construct our samples.The samples were then divided into two groups;the first group was left without immersion in the simulated body fluid and served as a control for comparison.The second group was immersed in the simulated body fluid.The results of the Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscope(FESEM),Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy(EDX)and X-ray diffraction(XRD)were utilized to interpret the surface attachment to ions,elements,and compounds,giving us a new perspective on scaffold architecture.In this study,an innovative method has been used to print therapeutic scaffold that combines fused deposition three-dimensional printing with ultraviolet curing to create a high-quality biodegradable polymeric scaffold.Finally,the results demonstrate that adding soybean oil resin to the PLA increased ion attachment to the surface while also attracting tricalcium phosphate formation on the surface of the scaffold,which is highly promising in bone tissue replacement.In conclusion,the soybean oil resin,which is new in the field of bone tissue engineering,shows magnificent characteristics and is a good replacement biopolymer that replaces many ceramic and polymeric materials used in this field that have poor morphological characteristics.展开更多
The expression of the cell death-inducing DNA fragmentation factorα-like effector（CIDE）family including Cidea,Cideb,and Cidec was significantly increased in mouse and human models of obesity.However,there was less ...The expression of the cell death-inducing DNA fragmentation factorα-like effector（CIDE）family including Cidea,Cideb,and Cidec was significantly increased in mouse and human models of obesity.However,there was less information on these genes’expression in pigs.Here,we hypothesized that different fat accumulation between lean（Duroc×Landrace×Yorkshire gilts,DLY）and obese（Lantang）pigs was attributed to porcine CIDE-modulating lipid metabolism.Our data showed that Cidea and Cidec were expressed at a high level in adipose tissue,and at a relatively high level in skeletal muscle,whereas Cideb was mainly expressed in the liver in both breeds of pig.Lantang pigs had higher white adipose and skeletal muscle Cidea and Cidec mR NA abundance,and hepatic and muscle Cideb mR NA than DLY pigs.Lipid metabolism-related genes including sterol regulatory element binding protein 1c（SREBP-1c）,hepatocyte nuclear factor-4α（HNF-4α）,peroxisome proliferator-activated receptorγcoactivator-1α（PGC-1α）,fatty acid synthase（FASN）,diacylglycerol O-acyltransferase 1（DGAT1）,and DGAT2 showed a higher expression level in adipose tissue from obese pigs than in that from lean pigs.Lantang pigs exhibited higher mR NA abundance for liver SREBP-1c,HNF-4α,and PGC-1α,and higher skeletal muscle SREBP-1c,HNF-4α,PGC-1α,and DGAT2 expression,as compared with DLY pigs.However,the perlipin2 mR NA levels in adipose tissues,liver,and skeletal muscle were significantly lower in obese pigs than in their lean counterparts.Furthermore,plasma non-esterified fatty acid（NEFA）,glucose,and triacylglycerol（TAG）levels were greater in obese pigs than in lean pigs.Finally,data from correlation analysis further found that CIDE mR NA expression was positively correlated with back fat thickness（BFT）,abdominal fat mass（AFM）,and the levels of NEFA,TAG,and glucose in the two breeds.Collectively,these data revealed that the porcine CIDEs possibly modulated lipid metabolism and contributed to the development of fat deposition展开更多
【目的】分离丽江猪丝裂原活化蛋白激酶10(mitogen-activated protein kinase,MAPK10)基因序列,并分析其组织mRNA和蛋白表达情况。【方法】采用PCR技术扩增丽江猪MAPK10基因,并利用生物信息学软件对获得的序列进行分析,实时荧光定量PCR...【目的】分离丽江猪丝裂原活化蛋白激酶10(mitogen-activated protein kinase,MAPK10)基因序列,并分析其组织mRNA和蛋白表达情况。【方法】采用PCR技术扩增丽江猪MAPK10基因,并利用生物信息学软件对获得的序列进行分析,实时荧光定量PCR检测丽江猪脑、肝脏、心脏、脾脏、肺脏、肾脏、胰脏、背脂和背最长肌等9种组织中MAPK10基因的相对表达量;以大白猪为对照,实时荧光定量PCR和Western-blotting检测丽江猪与大白猪背脂中mRNA和蛋白表达差异。【结果】MAPK10基因序列总长1281 bp,编码426个氨基酸;MAPK10蛋白属亲水蛋白,无跨膜结构和信号肽,有44个磷酸化位点和2个糖基化位点;二级结构以α-螺旋和无规则卷曲为主;丽江猪MAPK10基因序列与人、牛、山羊、绵羊、鼠、狗、猴和鸡的同源性分别为95.3%、93.5%、93.2%、93.0%、92.6%、91.2%、90.5%和85.6%;MAPK10基因在丽江猪9个组织中差异表达,以脑中最高;丽江猪背脂MAPK10基因的mRNA表达量极显著低于大白猪(P<0.01),蛋白表达量也有低于大白猪的趋势(P>0.05)。【结论】MAPK10基因可作为研究丽江猪脂肪沉积性状的候选基因,结果可为研究猪脂肪沉积提供参考。展开更多
基金supported by Jiangsu Innovative Group of Meat Nutrition,Health and Biotechnologythe Postgraduate Research&Practice Innovation Program of Jiangsu Province(grant number:KYCX21_0575)。
文摘To determine the effects of plant-based meat analogues on the metabolic health and the possible mechanisms,mice were fed with a real pork diet(AP),a real beef diet(AB),a plant-based pork analogue diet(PP)and plant-based beef analogue diet(PB)for 68 days.Compared with real meat,the plant-based meat analogues increased food and energy intake,body weight,white fat and liver weight and caused adipocyte hypertrophy,hepatic lipid droplet accumulation,and inflammatory responses in mice.Metabolomics revealed that plantbased meat analogues altered the composition of serum metabolites,which regulated lipid metabolism homeostasis.The PB diet upregulated gene expression related to lipid synthesis,lipolysis and adipocyte differentiation while the PP diet upregulated expression of lipolysis-related genes but downregulated expression of adipocyte differentiation-related genes in white adipose tissue.Meanwhile,both PP and PB diets upregulated lipid influx-and synthesis-related genes but downregulated lipid oxidation-related genes in liver.The specific metabolite biomarkers may affect fat accumulation mainly by direct lipid metabolism pathways or indirect amino acid metabolism,protein digestion and absorption,bile secretion,aminoacyl-tRNA biosynthesis,neuroactive ligand-receptor interaction and ABC transporters pathways.These findings provide a new insight into understanding the differences in nutritional functions of meat and plant-based meat analogues.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(2018YFD0500601,2017YFD0500501)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31722054,31472101 and 31528018)+2 种基金College of Animal Science and Technology "Young Talents Program" in China Agricultural University(2017DKA001)the 111 Project(B16044)the Developmental Fund for Animal Science by Shenzhen Jinxinnong Feed Co.,Ltd
文摘Background: The high mortality of pre-weanling piglets is a dominant challenge which severely restricts the development of pig industry. A number of factors including nutrients imbalance and temperature variation during postnatal period of piglets have been reported to closely associated with the high mortality of postnatal piglets.This study aims to find out the relationship between fat deposition and survival of newborn piglets.Results: There were no differences in organ coefficient and bone density between the surviving and dead piglets(P > 0.05). The body weight and the fat deposition in the dead piglets were lower than the live individuals(P < 0.05).Consistently, the average sizes of white adipocytes in back and abdominal adipose tissues of dead piglets were smaller than the survivals(P < 0.05). The protein expression levels of adipocyte differentiation markers PPARγ and C/EBPα in the back and abdominal adipose tissues were lower in dead piglets compared to live piglets. The mRNA expressions of thermogenic markers PGC1α and PRDM16 in adipose tissues were decreased in the dead piglets(P < 0.05). The microarray of back fat samples from the surviving and dead piglets were conducted; two down-regulated genes namely AAMDC and CASTOR1 were identified from the dead piglets. According to quantitative real-time PCR(RT-PCR) analysis, the mRNA expression of AAMDC decreased, whereas CASTOR1 expression elevated in the dead piglets compared to the surviving piglets(P < 0.05).Conclusions: The fat deposition and adipocyte differentiation in the dead piglets are insufficient compared to the surviving piglets, which may attenuate the thermogenic ability of white adipose tissue(WAT). Our data indicate that fat deposition in newborn piglets is vital to their survival.
基金National Natural Sciences Foundation of China(No.31872742 to W.F.H.and No.81630055 to G.X.L.)Military Medical Science and Technology Youth Training Program of Army Military Medical University(Third Military Medical University)(No.20QNPY024 to W.F.H.)the Special Project for Enhancing Science and Technology Innovation Ability(frontier exploration)of Army Military Medical University(Third Military Medical University)(No.2019XQY12 to W.F.H.).
文摘Background:P311,a highly conserved 8 kDa intracellular protein,has recently been reported to play an important role in aggravating hypertrophic scaring by promoting the differentiation and secretion of fibroblasts.Nevertheless,how P311 regulates the differentiation and function of fibroblasts to affect granulation tissue formation remains unclear.In this work,we studied the underlying mechanisms via which P311 affects fibroblasts and promotes acute skin wound repair.Methods:To explore the role of P311,both in vitro and in vivo wound-healing models were used.Full-thickness skin excisional wounds were made in wild-type and P311−/−C57 adult mice.Wound healing rate,re-epithelialization,granulation tissue formation and collagen deposition were measured at days 3,6 and 9 after skin injury.The biological phenotypes of fibroblasts,the expression of target proteins and relevant signaling pathways were examined both in vitro and in vivo.Results:P311 could promote the proliferation and differentiation of fibroblasts,enhance the ability of myofibroblasts to secrete extracellular matrix and promote cell contraction,and then facilitate the formation of granulation tissue and eventually accelerate skin wound closure.Importantly,we discovered that P311 acts via up-regulating the expression of type II transforming growth factor-βreceptor(TGF-βRII)in fibroblasts and promoting the activation of the TGF-βRII-Smad signaling pathway.Mechanistically,the mammalian target of rapamycin signaling pathway is closely implicated in the regulation of the TGF-βRII-Smad pathway in fibroblasts mediated by P311.Conclusions:P311 plays a critical role in activation of the TGF-βRII-Smad pathway to promote fibroblast proliferation and differentiation as well as granulation tissue formation in the process of skin wound repair.
文摘Tissue engineering’s main goal is to regenerate or replace tissues or organs that have been destroyed by disease,injury,or congenital disabilities.Tissue engineering now uses artificial supporting structures called scaffolds to restore damaged tissues and organs.These are utilized to attach the right cells and then grow them.Rapid prototyping appears to be the most promising technology due to its high level of precision and control.Bone tissue replacement“scaffolding”is a common theme discussed in this article.The fused deposition technique was used to construct our scaffold,and a polymer called polylactic acids and soybean oil resin were used to construct our samples.The samples were then divided into two groups;the first group was left without immersion in the simulated body fluid and served as a control for comparison.The second group was immersed in the simulated body fluid.The results of the Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscope(FESEM),Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy(EDX)and X-ray diffraction(XRD)were utilized to interpret the surface attachment to ions,elements,and compounds,giving us a new perspective on scaffold architecture.In this study,an innovative method has been used to print therapeutic scaffold that combines fused deposition three-dimensional printing with ultraviolet curing to create a high-quality biodegradable polymeric scaffold.Finally,the results demonstrate that adding soybean oil resin to the PLA increased ion attachment to the surface while also attracting tricalcium phosphate formation on the surface of the scaffold,which is highly promising in bone tissue replacement.In conclusion,the soybean oil resin,which is new in the field of bone tissue engineering,shows magnificent characteristics and is a good replacement biopolymer that replaces many ceramic and polymeric materials used in this field that have poor morphological characteristics.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.31402086)the China Agriculture Research System(CARS-36)+2 种基金the National Basic Research Program(973)of China(Nos.2013CB127301 and 2013CB127304)the Guangdong International Science and Technology Cooperation Program(No.2014A050503049)the Science and Technology Program of Guangdong Province(No.2016A020210041),China
文摘The expression of the cell death-inducing DNA fragmentation factorα-like effector（CIDE）family including Cidea,Cideb,and Cidec was significantly increased in mouse and human models of obesity.However,there was less information on these genes’expression in pigs.Here,we hypothesized that different fat accumulation between lean（Duroc×Landrace×Yorkshire gilts,DLY）and obese（Lantang）pigs was attributed to porcine CIDE-modulating lipid metabolism.Our data showed that Cidea and Cidec were expressed at a high level in adipose tissue,and at a relatively high level in skeletal muscle,whereas Cideb was mainly expressed in the liver in both breeds of pig.Lantang pigs had higher white adipose and skeletal muscle Cidea and Cidec mR NA abundance,and hepatic and muscle Cideb mR NA than DLY pigs.Lipid metabolism-related genes including sterol regulatory element binding protein 1c（SREBP-1c）,hepatocyte nuclear factor-4α（HNF-4α）,peroxisome proliferator-activated receptorγcoactivator-1α（PGC-1α）,fatty acid synthase（FASN）,diacylglycerol O-acyltransferase 1（DGAT1）,and DGAT2 showed a higher expression level in adipose tissue from obese pigs than in that from lean pigs.Lantang pigs exhibited higher mR NA abundance for liver SREBP-1c,HNF-4α,and PGC-1α,and higher skeletal muscle SREBP-1c,HNF-4α,PGC-1α,and DGAT2 expression,as compared with DLY pigs.However,the perlipin2 mR NA levels in adipose tissues,liver,and skeletal muscle were significantly lower in obese pigs than in their lean counterparts.Furthermore,plasma non-esterified fatty acid（NEFA）,glucose,and triacylglycerol（TAG）levels were greater in obese pigs than in lean pigs.Finally,data from correlation analysis further found that CIDE mR NA expression was positively correlated with back fat thickness（BFT）,abdominal fat mass（AFM）,and the levels of NEFA,TAG,and glucose in the two breeds.Collectively,these data revealed that the porcine CIDEs possibly modulated lipid metabolism and contributed to the development of fat deposition
文摘【目的】分离丽江猪丝裂原活化蛋白激酶10(mitogen-activated protein kinase,MAPK10)基因序列,并分析其组织mRNA和蛋白表达情况。【方法】采用PCR技术扩增丽江猪MAPK10基因,并利用生物信息学软件对获得的序列进行分析,实时荧光定量PCR检测丽江猪脑、肝脏、心脏、脾脏、肺脏、肾脏、胰脏、背脂和背最长肌等9种组织中MAPK10基因的相对表达量;以大白猪为对照,实时荧光定量PCR和Western-blotting检测丽江猪与大白猪背脂中mRNA和蛋白表达差异。【结果】MAPK10基因序列总长1281 bp,编码426个氨基酸;MAPK10蛋白属亲水蛋白,无跨膜结构和信号肽,有44个磷酸化位点和2个糖基化位点;二级结构以α-螺旋和无规则卷曲为主;丽江猪MAPK10基因序列与人、牛、山羊、绵羊、鼠、狗、猴和鸡的同源性分别为95.3%、93.5%、93.2%、93.0%、92.6%、91.2%、90.5%和85.6%;MAPK10基因在丽江猪9个组织中差异表达,以脑中最高;丽江猪背脂MAPK10基因的mRNA表达量极显著低于大白猪(P<0.01),蛋白表达量也有低于大白猪的趋势(P>0.05)。【结论】MAPK10基因可作为研究丽江猪脂肪沉积性状的候选基因,结果可为研究猪脂肪沉积提供参考。
