Objective To evaluate whether the thermotaxis tracking model is suitable for assessing long-term memory （LTM） in the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. Methods Animals were trained at 20℃ overnight in presence of foo...Objective To evaluate whether the thermotaxis tracking model is suitable for assessing long-term memory （LTM） in the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. Methods Animals were trained at 20℃ overnight in presence of food. The percentage of animals performing isothermal tracking （IT） behavior was measured at different time intervals after the training. Results The percentage of animals performing IT behavior, the numbers of body bends inside and outside the training temperature, and the expression patterns of AFD and AIY neurons were similar to those in control animals at 36 and 48 h after training; whereas when extending to 60, 72, and 84 h, locomotory behavior defects were observed in the assayed animals, suggesting that this thermal tracking model is feasible for analyzing LTM at 36 and 48 h after training. Moreover, the percent-age of animals performing IT behavior was reduced at 18, 36, and 48 h after training in neuronal calcium sensor-1 gene （nsc-1） mutant animals compared with that in wild-type N2 animals. In addition, exposure to plumbum （Pb） significantly repressed the LTM at 18, 36, and 48 h after training in both wild-type N2 and ncs-1 mutant animals. Conclusion The thermotaxis tracking model is suitable for evaluating the LTM regulated by NCS-1, and can be employed for elucidating regulatory functions of specific genes or effects of stimuli on memory in C. elegans.展开更多
The ability to precisely monitor temperature at a high resolution is an important task,particularly in terms of safety.Inspired by natural thermosensitive transient receptor potential cation channels,we developed a te...The ability to precisely monitor temperature at a high resolution is an important task,particularly in terms of safety.Inspired by natural thermosensitive transient receptor potential cation channels,we developed a temperature sensor based on thermaldriven ionic charge separation.To mimic the function of nature,an ionic covalent organic frameworkbased nanofluidic membrane was fabricated.By engineering the membrane to separate two electrolyte solutions,the temperature difference across the membrane can synchronously induce a potential.The high charge density and narrow channel size render extraordinary permselectivity to the membrane,thus offering a thermosensation selectivity of up to 1.25 mV K^(−1),superior to that of any known natural system.Additionally,the generated potential is linearly related to the introduced temperature gradient,thus allowing for precise detection.With these attributes,an alarm device with high thermosensation sensitivity was constructed,demonstrating great promise for environmental temperature monitoring.展开更多
Sensory modalities are important for survival but the molecular mechanisms remain challenging due to the polymodal functionality of sensory neurons. Here, we report the C. elegans outer labial lateral(OLL) sensilla se...Sensory modalities are important for survival but the molecular mechanisms remain challenging due to the polymodal functionality of sensory neurons. Here, we report the C. elegans outer labial lateral(OLL) sensilla sensory neurons respond to touch and cold. Mechanosensation of OLL neurons resulted in cell-autonomous mechanically-evoked Ca~(2+) transients and rapidly-adapting mechanoreceptor currents with a very short latency.Mechanotransduction of OLL neurons might be carried by a novel Na~+ conductance channel, which is insensitive to amiloride. The bona fide mechano-gated Na~+ -selective degenerin/epithelial Na~+ channels, TRP-4, TMC, and Piezo proteins are not involved in this mechanosensation.Interestingly, OLL neurons also mediated cold but not warm responses in a cell-autonomous manner. We further showed that the cold response of OLL neurons is not mediated by the cold receptor TRPA-1 or the temperaturesensitive glutamate receptor GLR-3. Thus, we propose the polymodal functionality of OLL neurons in mechanosensation and cold sensation.展开更多
Insects are poikilothermic animals,and temperature is one of the most important abiotic factors affecting their spread and distribution.For example,differences in thermal tolerance may underlie the significant differe...Insects are poikilothermic animals,and temperature is one of the most important abiotic factors affecting their spread and distribution.For example,differences in thermal tolerance may underlie the significant differences in geographical distributions between the native AsiaII3 and invasive MED(Mediterranean)cryptic Bemisia tabaci species in China.Transient receptor potential(TRP)channels are key components of the insect temperature perception system and act as molecular thermometers since they can be activated by specific changes in temperature.In this study,we cloned and characterized the AsiaII3 BtTRP gene and revealed its functions in the response to thermal stress.The full-length cDNA of BtTRP was 3821 bp,with a 3501-bp open reading frame encoding a 132.05-kDa protein.Comparing the deduced amino acid sequences of AsiaII3 BtTRP and MED TRP revealed five amino acid differences.In situ hybridization indicated that BtTRP might be widely expressed throughout the AsiaII3 adult body.BtTRP mRNA expression reached the highest levels after exposure to mild thermal stimuli(12 and 35°C),showing that BtTRP expression can be induced by temperature stress.Furthermore,the thermal tolerance of AsiaII3 after BtTRP dsRNA feeding was significantly lower than that of the control.Taken together,the present study highlights the importance of TRP channels for B.tabaci thermal resistance,and allows us to infer that the differences in amino acids between AsiaII3 and MED might cause the differences in thermal tolerance of these two cryptic species.This study provides a new direction for investigating geographic distribution differences between invasive and native insects.展开更多
Objective： To observe the thermesthesia thresholds of the heat-sensitive acupoints in patients with knee osteoarthritis （KOA）, and to provide scientific evidence for acupoint selection based on acupoint sensitizati...Objective： To observe the thermesthesia thresholds of the heat-sensitive acupoints in patients with knee osteoarthritis （KOA）, and to provide scientific evidence for acupoint selection based on acupoint sensitization. Methods： Forty-six patients with KOA of swelling type were recruited. By using the quantitative thermesthesia testing, the thermal sensation threshold, thermal pain threshold, and threshold of thermal pain tolerance at Xuehai （SP 10）, Neixiyan （EX-LE 4） and Yinlingquan （SP 9） were detected. The subjects were then divided into heat-sensitive groups and non-heat-sensitive groups according to whether there was a phenomenon of heat-sensitive moxibustion sensation at each acupoint, to compare the thermesthesia thresholds between the two groups. Results： The thermal sensation threshold, thermal pain threshold, and threshold of thermal pain tolerance were respectively （38.21±2.03） ℃, （44.47±1.86） ℃ and （48.59＋0.74） ℃ in the heat-sensitive group of Xuehai （SP 10）, versus （36.76±1.93） ℃, （42.91±2.05） ℃ and （46.95±1.14） ℃ in the non-heat-sensitive group of Xuehai （SP 10）; the thermal sensation threshold, thermal pain threshold, and threshold of thermal pain tolerance were respectively （37.47±1.77）℃, （44.55＋1.63） ℃, and （47.48±0.47） ℃ in the heat-sensitive group of Neixiyan （EX-LE 4）, versus （35.92±1.69） ℃, （42.72±1.94）℃ and （45.53±0.41） ℃ in the non-heat-sensitive group of Neixiyan （EX-LE 4）; the thermal sensation threshold, thermal pain threshold, and threshold of thermal pain tolerance were respectively （37.30±2.23） ℃, （44.39±1.92） ℃ and （47.76±0.58） ℃ in the heat-sensitive group of Yinlingquan （SP 9）, versus （36.06±1.86） ℃, （42.63±1.88） ℃ and （45.91±0.72） ℃ in the non-heat-sensitive group of Yinlingquan （SP 9）. The statistical analyses showed that the thermal sensation threshold, thermal pain threshold, and threshold of thermal pain to展开更多
Global warming impacts crop production and threatens food security.Elevated temperatures are sensed by different cell components.Temperature increases are classified as either mild warm temperatures or excessively hot...Global warming impacts crop production and threatens food security.Elevated temperatures are sensed by different cell components.Temperature increases are classified as either mild warm temperatures or excessively hot temperatures,which are perceived by distinct signaling pathways in plants.Warm temperatures induce thermomorphogenesis,while high-temperature stress triggers heat acclimation and has destructive effects on plant growth and development.In this review,we systematically summarize the heat-responsive genetic networks in Arabidopsis and crop plants based on recent studies.In addition,we highlight the strategies used to improve grain yield under heat stress from a source-sink perspective.We also discuss the remaining issues regarding the characteristics of thermosensors and the urgency required to explore the basis of acclimation under multifactorial stress combination.展开更多
We studied the effects of nasal thermosensible gels containing Chinese medicine Xingbi on Bufo gargarizans maxillary mucosal cilia movement and the ciliotoxicity in rats nasal mucosa. The saline water was used as a bl...We studied the effects of nasal thermosensible gels containing Chinese medicine Xingbi on Bufo gargarizans maxillary mucosal cilia movement and the ciliotoxicity in rats nasal mucosa. The saline water was used as a blank control, and 1% hydrochloric acid of methamphetamine Massachusetts was used as the negative control. Compared with normal saline control, the relative percentage of the lasting time of ciliary movement treated with Chinese medicine Xingbi was 94.1%. There was no remarkable pathological change in the tissue slice of nasal mucosa, and no stimulation on nasal mucous membrane was observed. So these data suggest that nasal thermosensible gel of Chinese medicine Xingbi is of high safety. It has no damage to the mucosa of toads and rats and can be used for intranasal administration.展开更多
目的对磁共振测温在椎体环境不同组织中测温的难点初步分析。方法在3 T Phillips磁共振仪器中,分别采集T1、T2图像,根据椎体肿瘤热疗的临床需求,结合解剖图分割出手术关心的区域;再用PRF（proton resonance frequency）和谱估计两种方...目的对磁共振测温在椎体环境不同组织中测温的难点初步分析。方法在3 T Phillips磁共振仪器中,分别采集T1、T2图像,根据椎体肿瘤热疗的临床需求,结合解剖图分割出手术关心的区域;再用PRF（proton resonance frequency）和谱估计两种方法分别对含水较多和水脂混合的组织区域进行温度测量,并以肌肉区域的温度对其余区域作场漂修正。结果在重点关注区域中,分别选取80-300个像素点,对于PRF方法,脊髓和椎间盘的温度误差平均值均〈0.2℃,温度标准差〈1.5℃;主动脉和上下腔静脉的温度误差平均值在0.9℃-1.8℃,标准差〈1.7℃;椎体部分的温度误差平均值约0.9℃,但标准差接近12℃;对于谱估计方法,在水脂混合的椎体部分,温度标准差仍〉12℃。结论磁共振测温在含水较多、均匀且流动较少的组织脊髓和椎间盘测温效果较好,在主动脉和静脉血管里的血液的温度因血液流动的干扰而难以用磁共振直接测得,椎体内由松质骨所引起的磁化率干扰会给磁共振测温带来较大偏差。展开更多
文摘Objective To evaluate whether the thermotaxis tracking model is suitable for assessing long-term memory （LTM） in the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. Methods Animals were trained at 20℃ overnight in presence of food. The percentage of animals performing isothermal tracking （IT） behavior was measured at different time intervals after the training. Results The percentage of animals performing IT behavior, the numbers of body bends inside and outside the training temperature, and the expression patterns of AFD and AIY neurons were similar to those in control animals at 36 and 48 h after training; whereas when extending to 60, 72, and 84 h, locomotory behavior defects were observed in the assayed animals, suggesting that this thermal tracking model is feasible for analyzing LTM at 36 and 48 h after training. Moreover, the percent-age of animals performing IT behavior was reduced at 18, 36, and 48 h after training in neuronal calcium sensor-1 gene （nsc-1） mutant animals compared with that in wild-type N2 animals. In addition, exposure to plumbum （Pb） significantly repressed the LTM at 18, 36, and 48 h after training in both wild-type N2 and ncs-1 mutant animals. Conclusion The thermotaxis tracking model is suitable for evaluating the LTM regulated by NCS-1, and can be employed for elucidating regulatory functions of specific genes or effects of stimuli on memory in C. elegans.
基金The authors acknowledge the National Science Foundation of China(no.22072132)Partial support from the Robert A.Welch Foundation(no.B-0027)is also acknowledged(S.M.).
文摘The ability to precisely monitor temperature at a high resolution is an important task,particularly in terms of safety.Inspired by natural thermosensitive transient receptor potential cation channels,we developed a temperature sensor based on thermaldriven ionic charge separation.To mimic the function of nature,an ionic covalent organic frameworkbased nanofluidic membrane was fabricated.By engineering the membrane to separate two electrolyte solutions,the temperature difference across the membrane can synchronously induce a potential.The high charge density and narrow channel size render extraordinary permselectivity to the membrane,thus offering a thermosensation selectivity of up to 1.25 mV K^(−1),superior to that of any known natural system.Additionally,the generated potential is linearly related to the introduced temperature gradient,thus allowing for precise detection.With these attributes,an alarm device with high thermosensation sensitivity was constructed,demonstrating great promise for environmental temperature monitoring.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31471023, 31771113, and 31800878)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (2020M671695, 2020T130592, 2019T120505, and 2018M640551)。
文摘Sensory modalities are important for survival but the molecular mechanisms remain challenging due to the polymodal functionality of sensory neurons. Here, we report the C. elegans outer labial lateral(OLL) sensilla sensory neurons respond to touch and cold. Mechanosensation of OLL neurons resulted in cell-autonomous mechanically-evoked Ca~(2+) transients and rapidly-adapting mechanoreceptor currents with a very short latency.Mechanotransduction of OLL neurons might be carried by a novel Na~+ conductance channel, which is insensitive to amiloride. The bona fide mechano-gated Na~+ -selective degenerin/epithelial Na~+ channels, TRP-4, TMC, and Piezo proteins are not involved in this mechanosensation.Interestingly, OLL neurons also mediated cold but not warm responses in a cell-autonomous manner. We further showed that the cold response of OLL neurons is not mediated by the cold receptor TRPA-1 or the temperaturesensitive glutamate receptor GLR-3. Thus, we propose the polymodal functionality of OLL neurons in mechanosensation and cold sensation.
基金This work was funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31672088 and 31601695)the Science and Technology Innovation Program of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences(caascx-2017-2022-IAS)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2016YFC1200603).
文摘Insects are poikilothermic animals,and temperature is one of the most important abiotic factors affecting their spread and distribution.For example,differences in thermal tolerance may underlie the significant differences in geographical distributions between the native AsiaII3 and invasive MED(Mediterranean)cryptic Bemisia tabaci species in China.Transient receptor potential(TRP)channels are key components of the insect temperature perception system and act as molecular thermometers since they can be activated by specific changes in temperature.In this study,we cloned and characterized the AsiaII3 BtTRP gene and revealed its functions in the response to thermal stress.The full-length cDNA of BtTRP was 3821 bp,with a 3501-bp open reading frame encoding a 132.05-kDa protein.Comparing the deduced amino acid sequences of AsiaII3 BtTRP and MED TRP revealed five amino acid differences.In situ hybridization indicated that BtTRP might be widely expressed throughout the AsiaII3 adult body.BtTRP mRNA expression reached the highest levels after exposure to mild thermal stimuli(12 and 35°C),showing that BtTRP expression can be induced by temperature stress.Furthermore,the thermal tolerance of AsiaII3 after BtTRP dsRNA feeding was significantly lower than that of the control.Taken together,the present study highlights the importance of TRP channels for B.tabaci thermal resistance,and allows us to infer that the differences in amino acids between AsiaII3 and MED might cause the differences in thermal tolerance of these two cryptic species.This study provides a new direction for investigating geographic distribution differences between invasive and native insects.
基金supported by the National Basic Research Program of China 973 Program(No.2015CB554503)Traditional Chinese Medicine Scientific Research Plan of Jiangxi Province Health Department(No.2013A099)~~
文摘Objective： To observe the thermesthesia thresholds of the heat-sensitive acupoints in patients with knee osteoarthritis （KOA）, and to provide scientific evidence for acupoint selection based on acupoint sensitization. Methods： Forty-six patients with KOA of swelling type were recruited. By using the quantitative thermesthesia testing, the thermal sensation threshold, thermal pain threshold, and threshold of thermal pain tolerance at Xuehai （SP 10）, Neixiyan （EX-LE 4） and Yinlingquan （SP 9） were detected. The subjects were then divided into heat-sensitive groups and non-heat-sensitive groups according to whether there was a phenomenon of heat-sensitive moxibustion sensation at each acupoint, to compare the thermesthesia thresholds between the two groups. Results： The thermal sensation threshold, thermal pain threshold, and threshold of thermal pain tolerance were respectively （38.21±2.03） ℃, （44.47±1.86） ℃ and （48.59＋0.74） ℃ in the heat-sensitive group of Xuehai （SP 10）, versus （36.76±1.93） ℃, （42.91±2.05） ℃ and （46.95±1.14） ℃ in the non-heat-sensitive group of Xuehai （SP 10）; the thermal sensation threshold, thermal pain threshold, and threshold of thermal pain tolerance were respectively （37.47±1.77）℃, （44.55＋1.63） ℃, and （47.48±0.47） ℃ in the heat-sensitive group of Neixiyan （EX-LE 4）, versus （35.92±1.69） ℃, （42.72±1.94）℃ and （45.53±0.41） ℃ in the non-heat-sensitive group of Neixiyan （EX-LE 4）; the thermal sensation threshold, thermal pain threshold, and threshold of thermal pain tolerance were respectively （37.30±2.23） ℃, （44.39±1.92） ℃ and （47.76±0.58） ℃ in the heat-sensitive group of Yinlingquan （SP 9）, versus （36.06±1.86） ℃, （42.63±1.88） ℃ and （45.91±0.72） ℃ in the non-heat-sensitive group of Yinlingquan （SP 9）. The statistical analyses showed that the thermal sensation threshold, thermal pain threshold, and threshold of thermal pain to
基金supported by the Shanghai Pujiang Program(22PJ1406500)the Shanghai Jiao Tong University 2030 Initiative(WH510363001-11)+3 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32388201 and 32201705)the Chinese Academy of Sciences(XDB27010104)the Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture Project(NT2021002)a project funded by the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2022T150648).
文摘Global warming impacts crop production and threatens food security.Elevated temperatures are sensed by different cell components.Temperature increases are classified as either mild warm temperatures or excessively hot temperatures,which are perceived by distinct signaling pathways in plants.Warm temperatures induce thermomorphogenesis,while high-temperature stress triggers heat acclimation and has destructive effects on plant growth and development.In this review,we systematically summarize the heat-responsive genetic networks in Arabidopsis and crop plants based on recent studies.In addition,we highlight the strategies used to improve grain yield under heat stress from a source-sink perspective.We also discuss the remaining issues regarding the characteristics of thermosensors and the urgency required to explore the basis of acclimation under multifactorial stress combination.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No.81073117)the construction ofcollege service routines in fujian province key project(Grant No.2008FG-06)
文摘We studied the effects of nasal thermosensible gels containing Chinese medicine Xingbi on Bufo gargarizans maxillary mucosal cilia movement and the ciliotoxicity in rats nasal mucosa. The saline water was used as a blank control, and 1% hydrochloric acid of methamphetamine Massachusetts was used as the negative control. Compared with normal saline control, the relative percentage of the lasting time of ciliary movement treated with Chinese medicine Xingbi was 94.1%. There was no remarkable pathological change in the tissue slice of nasal mucosa, and no stimulation on nasal mucous membrane was observed. So these data suggest that nasal thermosensible gel of Chinese medicine Xingbi is of high safety. It has no damage to the mucosa of toads and rats and can be used for intranasal administration.
文摘目的对磁共振测温在椎体环境不同组织中测温的难点初步分析。方法在3 T Phillips磁共振仪器中,分别采集T1、T2图像,根据椎体肿瘤热疗的临床需求,结合解剖图分割出手术关心的区域;再用PRF（proton resonance frequency）和谱估计两种方法分别对含水较多和水脂混合的组织区域进行温度测量,并以肌肉区域的温度对其余区域作场漂修正。结果在重点关注区域中,分别选取80-300个像素点,对于PRF方法,脊髓和椎间盘的温度误差平均值均〈0.2℃,温度标准差〈1.5℃;主动脉和上下腔静脉的温度误差平均值在0.9℃-1.8℃,标准差〈1.7℃;椎体部分的温度误差平均值约0.9℃,但标准差接近12℃;对于谱估计方法,在水脂混合的椎体部分,温度标准差仍〉12℃。结论磁共振测温在含水较多、均匀且流动较少的组织脊髓和椎间盘测温效果较好,在主动脉和静脉血管里的血液的温度因血液流动的干扰而难以用磁共振直接测得,椎体内由松质骨所引起的磁化率干扰会给磁共振测温带来较大偏差。
