研究地形对黑土区坡面侵蚀-沉积空间分布特征的影响可以为水土保持措施配置提供科学依据。以典型黑土区——黑龙江省宾县东山沟小流域为研究区域,在流域上游、中游和下游各选取2个典型坡面,坡面种植作物均为玉米。典型坡面坡顶、坡上、...研究地形对黑土区坡面侵蚀-沉积空间分布特征的影响可以为水土保持措施配置提供科学依据。以典型黑土区——黑龙江省宾县东山沟小流域为研究区域,在流域上游、中游和下游各选取2个典型坡面,坡面种植作物均为玉米。典型坡面坡顶、坡上、坡中、坡下和坡脚的平均坡度分别为3.1°,3.0°,4.0°,2.8°,1.2°。利用137Cs示踪技术,分析了坡度、坡长和坡形对坡面侵蚀—沉积空间分布特征的影响。结果表明:研究流域农耕地坡面以侵蚀为主,平均侵蚀速率为448 t km^(^(-2)) a^(^(-1)) ;坡面不同部位土壤侵蚀—沉积分布特征差异明显,坡顶、坡上、坡中和坡下主要表现为侵蚀,平均侵蚀速率分别为819、376、1 000和634 t km^(^(-2)) a^(^(-1)) ,而坡脚表现为明显的沉积,平均沉积速率为^(^(-1)) 382 t km^(^(-2)) a^(^(-1)) 。不同坡形坡面侵蚀-沉积分布存在差异,凸形坡坡面表现为先侵蚀后沉积的分布特征,而复合坡坡面呈现出侵蚀-沉积交错分布特征;坡面土壤侵蚀速率与坡度和坡长均呈极显著的幂函数关系,而坡度对黑土区坡面侵蚀的影响明显大于坡长,反映了即使在长坡缓地形的黑土区坡度对侵蚀的影响仍然有重要作用。因此,在黑土区配置合理的水土保持措施时,应尽量削弱坡度对坡耕地土壤侵蚀的影响。展开更多
通过野外原位模拟降雨试验，研究了东北典型黑土区 3 种降雨强度（30、60 和 90 mm h–1）下农耕地坡面侵蚀过程的土壤团聚体流失特征，分析了流失团聚体特征指标（平均重量直径（MWD）、几何平均直径（GMD）、分形维数（D）、平均重量...通过野外原位模拟降雨试验，研究了东北典型黑土区 3 种降雨强度（30、60 和 90 mm h–1）下农耕地坡面侵蚀过程的土壤团聚体流失特征，分析了流失团聚体特征指标（平均重量直径（MWD）、几何平均直径（GMD）、分形维数（D）、平均重量比表面积（MWSSA）、≥1 mm 粒级团聚体比例（PA1）、≥2 mm 粒级团聚体比例（PA2）、≥0.25 mm 粒级团聚体比例（PA0.25））的变化规律。结果表明：降雨强度对典型黑土区农耕地坡面侵蚀有显著影响；次降雨初期侵蚀量占整个降雨过程总侵蚀量的比例随着降雨强度的增加而增大。在 30 mm h–1降雨强度下，团聚体流失以〈0.25 mm 粒级团聚体为主，其占团聚体流失总量的 90.0%；在 60 mm h–1降雨强度下，团聚体流失以〈0.25 和 0.5~1 mm 粒级团聚体为主，二者占团聚体流失总量的 63.7%；而 90 mm h–1降雨强度下，团聚体流失以〈0.25 和 2~5 mm 粒级团聚体为主，二者分别占团聚体流失总量的 31.7%和 31.2%。PA0.25、PA1、PA2、MWD 和 GMD 与降雨强度和含沙量之间均呈现极显著正相关关系；MWSSA 和 D 与降雨强度和含沙量之间呈现极显著负相关关系。研究结果还表明，PA1、MWD 和 GMD 皆能较好地表征典型黑土区农耕土壤的团聚体流失特征。展开更多
The black soil region of Northeast China is one of the most important food production bases and commodity grain bases in China. However, the continual loss and degradation of precious black soil resources has led to d...The black soil region of Northeast China is one of the most important food production bases and commodity grain bases in China. However, the continual loss and degradation of precious black soil resources has led to direct threats to national food security and regional sustainable development. Therefore, it is necessary to summarize integrated prevention and control experience of small watersheds in black soil region of Northeast China. Tongshuang small watershed, a typical watershed in rolling hills of typical black soil areas in Northeast China, is selected as the study area. Based on nearly 50 years' experience in prevention and control of soil and water loss, the structures and overall benefits of an integrated prevention and control system for soil and water loss are investigated. Then, the 'three defense lines' tri-dimensional protection system with reasonable allocation of different types of soil and water control measures from the hill top to gully is systematically analyzed. The first line on the top hill can weaken and block uphill runoff and sediment, hold water resources and improve soil property. The second line on the hill can truncate slope length, slow down the runoff velocity and reduce erosion energy. The third line in the gully is mainly composed of waterfall engineering, which can inhibit soil erosion and restore land resources. The 'three defense lines' system is feasible for soil and water loss control of small watersheds in the typical black soil region of Northeast China. Through the application of the in Tongshuang small watershed, There are effective improvements in ecological conditions in Tongshuang small watershed after the application of 'three defense lines' soil and water control system. Moreover, the integrated treatment paradigm for soil and water loss in typical black soil region is compared with that in loess region. The results of this study could offer references and experiences for other small watersheds in typical black soil region of Northeast China.展开更多
文摘研究地形对黑土区坡面侵蚀-沉积空间分布特征的影响可以为水土保持措施配置提供科学依据。以典型黑土区——黑龙江省宾县东山沟小流域为研究区域,在流域上游、中游和下游各选取2个典型坡面,坡面种植作物均为玉米。典型坡面坡顶、坡上、坡中、坡下和坡脚的平均坡度分别为3.1°,3.0°,4.0°,2.8°,1.2°。利用137Cs示踪技术,分析了坡度、坡长和坡形对坡面侵蚀—沉积空间分布特征的影响。结果表明:研究流域农耕地坡面以侵蚀为主,平均侵蚀速率为448 t km^(^(-2)) a^(^(-1)) ;坡面不同部位土壤侵蚀—沉积分布特征差异明显,坡顶、坡上、坡中和坡下主要表现为侵蚀,平均侵蚀速率分别为819、376、1 000和634 t km^(^(-2)) a^(^(-1)) ,而坡脚表现为明显的沉积,平均沉积速率为^(^(-1)) 382 t km^(^(-2)) a^(^(-1)) 。不同坡形坡面侵蚀-沉积分布存在差异,凸形坡坡面表现为先侵蚀后沉积的分布特征,而复合坡坡面呈现出侵蚀-沉积交错分布特征;坡面土壤侵蚀速率与坡度和坡长均呈极显著的幂函数关系,而坡度对黑土区坡面侵蚀的影响明显大于坡长,反映了即使在长坡缓地形的黑土区坡度对侵蚀的影响仍然有重要作用。因此,在黑土区配置合理的水土保持措施时,应尽量削弱坡度对坡耕地土壤侵蚀的影响。
文摘通过野外原位模拟降雨试验，研究了东北典型黑土区 3 种降雨强度（30、60 和 90 mm h–1）下农耕地坡面侵蚀过程的土壤团聚体流失特征，分析了流失团聚体特征指标（平均重量直径（MWD）、几何平均直径（GMD）、分形维数（D）、平均重量比表面积（MWSSA）、≥1 mm 粒级团聚体比例（PA1）、≥2 mm 粒级团聚体比例（PA2）、≥0.25 mm 粒级团聚体比例（PA0.25））的变化规律。结果表明：降雨强度对典型黑土区农耕地坡面侵蚀有显著影响；次降雨初期侵蚀量占整个降雨过程总侵蚀量的比例随着降雨强度的增加而增大。在 30 mm h–1降雨强度下，团聚体流失以〈0.25 mm 粒级团聚体为主，其占团聚体流失总量的 90.0%；在 60 mm h–1降雨强度下，团聚体流失以〈0.25 和 0.5~1 mm 粒级团聚体为主，二者占团聚体流失总量的 63.7%；而 90 mm h–1降雨强度下，团聚体流失以〈0.25 和 2~5 mm 粒级团聚体为主，二者分别占团聚体流失总量的 31.7%和 31.2%。PA0.25、PA1、PA2、MWD 和 GMD 与降雨强度和含沙量之间均呈现极显著正相关关系；MWSSA 和 D 与降雨强度和含沙量之间呈现极显著负相关关系。研究结果还表明，PA1、MWD 和 GMD 皆能较好地表征典型黑土区农耕土壤的团聚体流失特征。
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,Science Foundation for Youths ( 41001165,40901133,30901163)
文摘The black soil region of Northeast China is one of the most important food production bases and commodity grain bases in China. However, the continual loss and degradation of precious black soil resources has led to direct threats to national food security and regional sustainable development. Therefore, it is necessary to summarize integrated prevention and control experience of small watersheds in black soil region of Northeast China. Tongshuang small watershed, a typical watershed in rolling hills of typical black soil areas in Northeast China, is selected as the study area. Based on nearly 50 years' experience in prevention and control of soil and water loss, the structures and overall benefits of an integrated prevention and control system for soil and water loss are investigated. Then, the 'three defense lines' tri-dimensional protection system with reasonable allocation of different types of soil and water control measures from the hill top to gully is systematically analyzed. The first line on the top hill can weaken and block uphill runoff and sediment, hold water resources and improve soil property. The second line on the hill can truncate slope length, slow down the runoff velocity and reduce erosion energy. The third line in the gully is mainly composed of waterfall engineering, which can inhibit soil erosion and restore land resources. The 'three defense lines' system is feasible for soil and water loss control of small watersheds in the typical black soil region of Northeast China. Through the application of the in Tongshuang small watershed, There are effective improvements in ecological conditions in Tongshuang small watershed after the application of 'three defense lines' soil and water control system. Moreover, the integrated treatment paradigm for soil and water loss in typical black soil region is compared with that in loess region. The results of this study could offer references and experiences for other small watersheds in typical black soil region of Northeast China.
