目的建立高纯度、高活性的虎血清IgG纯化方法。方法用饱和硫酸铵沉淀虎血清得到IgG粗品;结合Hitrap Protein A亲和层析预装柱及阴离子交换层析法对粗品IgG进一步分离纯化,采用PAGE电泳和Western-Blot免疫印迹法鉴定IgG纯度和免疫活性。...目的建立高纯度、高活性的虎血清IgG纯化方法。方法用饱和硫酸铵沉淀虎血清得到IgG粗品;结合Hitrap Protein A亲和层析预装柱及阴离子交换层析法对粗品IgG进一步分离纯化,采用PAGE电泳和Western-Blot免疫印迹法鉴定IgG纯度和免疫活性。结果80 mL虎血清亲和纯化得到84 mg IgG,阴离子交换层析纯化得到30 mg虎的IgG纯品。结论建立了简便快速、纯度高、活性好的虎血清IgG的分离纯化方法,为虎血清IgG二级抗体的制备提供了高纯度、活性好的一级抗体免疫原。展开更多
为培育出具有我国特色的实验用猫,作者于七十年代末开始将猫群中一只毛色花纹发生基因突变的猫,经十余年的定向培育,现已育成一个新的品种——虎皮猫(Tiger skin/North China Pharlmaceutical Corporation,简称TS/N)。该猫毛色艳丽,花...为培育出具有我国特色的实验用猫,作者于七十年代末开始将猫群中一只毛色花纹发生基因突变的猫,经十余年的定向培育,现已育成一个新的品种——虎皮猫(Tiger skin/North China Pharlmaceutical Corporation,简称TS/N)。该猫毛色艳丽,花纹奇特,遗传稳定,适应性强,便于繁殖管理,具有实验和观赏双重价值。现将其来源、培育过程及其特性报道如下:展开更多
This study aimed to assess the microbiological quality of tiger nut (Cyperus esculentus L.) products sold in Ouagadougou and Bobo Dioulasso. The microbial load of tubers and tiger nut milk was determined using ISO 483...This study aimed to assess the microbiological quality of tiger nut (Cyperus esculentus L.) products sold in Ouagadougou and Bobo Dioulasso. The microbial load of tubers and tiger nut milk was determined using ISO 4833-1 (2003) standard (total mesophilic aerobic flora), NF ISO 7954 (1998) standard (yeasts and molds), and ISO 4832 (2006) standard (total coliforms, thermotolerant coliforms). The results showed that tiger nut tubers had an average microbial load between 4.86 ± 7.03 × 10<sup>6</sup> UFC/g and 1.82 ± 2.30 × 10<sup>7</sup> UFC/g for total mesophilic aerobic flora, from 4.34 ± 10.6 × 10<sup>5</sup> UFC/g to 3.52 ± 4.54 × 10<sup>6</sup> UFC/g for yeasts and molds, from 2.23 ± 2.25 × 10<sup>5</sup> UFC/g to 1.41 ± 2.16 × 10<sup>5</sup> UFC/g for total coliforms and from 1.83 ± 2.03 × 10<sup>5</sup> UFC/g to 7.0 ± 10.8 × 10<sup>4</sup> CFU/g for thermotolerant coliforms. For tiger nut milk samples, the average microbial load varied from 3.48 ± 2.98 × 10<sup>6</sup> CFU/g to 2.80 ± 5.69 × 107 CFU/g for total mesophilic aerobic flora, from 5.00 ± 7.21 × 10<sup>4</sup> CFU/g to 1.88 ± 3.31 × 10<sup>5</sup> CFU/g for yeasts and molds, from 4.58 ± 10.4 × 10<sup>4</sup> CFU/g to 6.31 ± 9.17 × 10<sup>5</sup> CFU/g for total coliforms and 7.00 ± 7.00 × 10<sup>3</sup> CFU/g to 2.87 ± 5.86 × 10<sup>5</sup> CFU/g for thermotolerant coliforms. This study revealed that the tubers and tiger nut milk sold in Ouagadougou and Bobo Dioulasso had a high microbial load which could lead to the degradation of these products and food poisoning for consumers.展开更多
Prey availability is one of the principal drivers of tiger distribution and abundance.Therefore,formulating effective conservation strategies requires a clear understanding of tiger diet.We used scat analysis in combi...Prey availability is one of the principal drivers of tiger distribution and abundance.Therefore,formulating effective conservation strategies requires a clear understanding of tiger diet.We used scat analysis in combination with data on the abundance of several prey species to estimate Amur tiger diet and preference at 3 sites in the Russian Far East.We also examined the effect of pseudoreplication on estimates of tiger diet.We collected 770 scats across the 3 sites.Similar to previous studies,we found that tigers primarily preyed on medium to large ungulates,with wild boar,roe,sika and red deer collectively comprising 86.7%of total biomass consumed on average.According to Jacobs’index,tigers preferred wild boar,and avoided sika deer.Variation in preference indices derived from these scat analyses compared to indices derived from kill data appear to be due to adjustments in biomass intake when sex–age of a killed individual is known:a component missing from scat data.Pseudoreplication(multiple samples collected from a single kill site)also skewed results derived from scat analyses.Scat analysis still appears useful in providing insight into the diets of carnivores when the full spectrum of prey species needs to be identified,or when sample sizes from kill data are not sufficient.When sample sizes of kill data are large(as is now possible with GPS-collared animals),kill data adjusted by sex–age categories probably provides the most accurate estimates of prey biomass composition.Our results provide further confirmation of the centrality of medium ungulates,in particular wild boar,to Amur tiger diet,and suggest that the protection of this group of species is critical to Amur tiger conservation.展开更多
文摘为培育出具有我国特色的实验用猫,作者于七十年代末开始将猫群中一只毛色花纹发生基因突变的猫,经十余年的定向培育,现已育成一个新的品种——虎皮猫(Tiger skin/North China Pharlmaceutical Corporation,简称TS/N)。该猫毛色艳丽,花纹奇特,遗传稳定,适应性强,便于繁殖管理,具有实验和观赏双重价值。现将其来源、培育过程及其特性报道如下:
文摘This study aimed to assess the microbiological quality of tiger nut (Cyperus esculentus L.) products sold in Ouagadougou and Bobo Dioulasso. The microbial load of tubers and tiger nut milk was determined using ISO 4833-1 (2003) standard (total mesophilic aerobic flora), NF ISO 7954 (1998) standard (yeasts and molds), and ISO 4832 (2006) standard (total coliforms, thermotolerant coliforms). The results showed that tiger nut tubers had an average microbial load between 4.86 ± 7.03 × 10<sup>6</sup> UFC/g and 1.82 ± 2.30 × 10<sup>7</sup> UFC/g for total mesophilic aerobic flora, from 4.34 ± 10.6 × 10<sup>5</sup> UFC/g to 3.52 ± 4.54 × 10<sup>6</sup> UFC/g for yeasts and molds, from 2.23 ± 2.25 × 10<sup>5</sup> UFC/g to 1.41 ± 2.16 × 10<sup>5</sup> UFC/g for total coliforms and from 1.83 ± 2.03 × 10<sup>5</sup> UFC/g to 7.0 ± 10.8 × 10<sup>4</sup> CFU/g for thermotolerant coliforms. For tiger nut milk samples, the average microbial load varied from 3.48 ± 2.98 × 10<sup>6</sup> CFU/g to 2.80 ± 5.69 × 107 CFU/g for total mesophilic aerobic flora, from 5.00 ± 7.21 × 10<sup>4</sup> CFU/g to 1.88 ± 3.31 × 10<sup>5</sup> CFU/g for yeasts and molds, from 4.58 ± 10.4 × 10<sup>4</sup> CFU/g to 6.31 ± 9.17 × 10<sup>5</sup> CFU/g for total coliforms and 7.00 ± 7.00 × 10<sup>3</sup> CFU/g to 2.87 ± 5.86 × 10<sup>5</sup> CFU/g for thermotolerant coliforms. This study revealed that the tubers and tiger nut milk sold in Ouagadougou and Bobo Dioulasso had a high microbial load which could lead to the degradation of these products and food poisoning for consumers.
基金We thank the Save the Tiger Fund(a joint project of the National Fish and Wildlife Foundation and the Exxon Mobile Corporation),the Liz Claiborne and Art Ortenburg Foundation,the United States Fish and Wildlife Service Tiger Rhino Conservation Fund,the Disney Wildlife Fund,ALTA,the Robertson Foundation,the Starr Foundation,the Wildlife Conservation Society and the Zoological Society of London for financial support to conduct this work.We thank A.A.Laptev and A.I.Myslenkov of Lazovskii State Nature Zapovednik,A.A.Astafiev and Y.Pimenov of Sikhote-Alin Biosphere Zapovednik,and A.Borodin of the Land of Leopard National Park for logistical and administrative support.We thank M.E.Borisenko,A.Bezrukov,V.Kolesnikov,I.Nikolaev,B.Schleyer,N.Rybin,A.Rybin,A.Kostyria,I.Seryodkin,V.Melnikov,A.Saphonov,V.Schukin,V.Storozhuk and E.Gizhko for assistance with data collection,and Paul Kapfer for assistance with data analyses.
文摘Prey availability is one of the principal drivers of tiger distribution and abundance.Therefore,formulating effective conservation strategies requires a clear understanding of tiger diet.We used scat analysis in combination with data on the abundance of several prey species to estimate Amur tiger diet and preference at 3 sites in the Russian Far East.We also examined the effect of pseudoreplication on estimates of tiger diet.We collected 770 scats across the 3 sites.Similar to previous studies,we found that tigers primarily preyed on medium to large ungulates,with wild boar,roe,sika and red deer collectively comprising 86.7%of total biomass consumed on average.According to Jacobs’index,tigers preferred wild boar,and avoided sika deer.Variation in preference indices derived from these scat analyses compared to indices derived from kill data appear to be due to adjustments in biomass intake when sex–age of a killed individual is known:a component missing from scat data.Pseudoreplication(multiple samples collected from a single kill site)also skewed results derived from scat analyses.Scat analysis still appears useful in providing insight into the diets of carnivores when the full spectrum of prey species needs to be identified,or when sample sizes from kill data are not sufficient.When sample sizes of kill data are large(as is now possible with GPS-collared animals),kill data adjusted by sex–age categories probably provides the most accurate estimates of prey biomass composition.Our results provide further confirmation of the centrality of medium ungulates,in particular wild boar,to Amur tiger diet,and suggest that the protection of this group of species is critical to Amur tiger conservation.
