Electroacupuncture at the head acupoints Baihui（GV20） and Shuigou（GV26） improves recovery of neurological function following ischemic cerebrovascular events,but its mechanism remains incompletely understood.We hyp...Electroacupuncture at the head acupoints Baihui（GV20） and Shuigou（GV26） improves recovery of neurological function following ischemic cerebrovascular events,but its mechanism remains incompletely understood.We hypothesized that the action of electroacupuncture at these acupoints is associated with elevated serum levels of transforming growth factor beta 1（TGF-β1）.To test this,we established a rat model of cerebral ischemia by middle cerebral artery occlusion.Electroacupuncture was performed at Baihui and Shuigou with a “dispersedense” wave at an alternating frequency of 2 and 150 Hz,and at a constant intensity of 3 m A.Each electroacupuncture session lasted 30 minutes and was performed every 12 hours for 3 days.Neurological severity scores were lower in injured rats after acupuncture than in those not subjected to treatment.Furthermore,serum level of TGF-β1 was greater after electroacupuncture than after no treatment.Our results indicate that electroacupuncture at Baihui and Shuigou increases the serum level of TGF-β1 in rats with acute cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury,and exerts neuroprotective effects.展开更多
The active ingredient of ginseng,ginsenosides Rg1,has been shown to scavenge free radicals and improve antioxidant capacity.This study hypothesized that ginsenosides Rg1 has a protective role in human neuroblastoma ce...The active ingredient of ginseng,ginsenosides Rg1,has been shown to scavenge free radicals and improve antioxidant capacity.This study hypothesized that ginsenosides Rg1 has a protective role in human neuroblastoma cells injured by H2O2.Ginsenosides Rg1 at different concentrations（50 and 100 μM） was used to treat H2O2（150 μM）-injured SH-SY5 Y cells.Results demonstrated that ginsenoside Rg1 elevated the survival rate of SH-SY5 Y cells injured by H2O2,diminished the amount of leaked lactate dehydrogenase,and increased superoxide dismutase activity.Ginsenoside Rg1 effectively suppressed caspase-3 immunoreactivity,and contributed to heat shock protein 70 gene expression,in a dose-dependent manner.These results indicate that ginsenoside Rg1 has protective effects on SH-SY5 Y cells injured by H2O2 and that its mechanism of action is associated with anti-oxidation and the inhibition of apoptosis.展开更多
Deferoxamine, a clinically safe drug used for treating iron overload, also repairs spinal cord injury although the mechanism for this action remains unknown. Here, we determined whether deferoxamine was therapeutic in...Deferoxamine, a clinically safe drug used for treating iron overload, also repairs spinal cord injury although the mechanism for this action remains unknown. Here, we determined whether deferoxamine was therapeutic in a rat model of spinal cord injury and explored potential mechanisms for this effect. Spinal cord injury was induced by impacting the spinal cord at the thoracic T10 vertebra level. One group of injured rats received deferoxamine, a second injured group received saline, and a third group was sham operated. Both 2 days and 2 weeks after spinal cord injury, total iron ion levels and protein expression levels of the proinflammatory cytokines tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin-1β and the pro-apoptotic protein caspase-3 in the spinal cords of the injured deferoxamine-treated rats were significantly lower than those in the injured saline-treated group. The percentage of the area positive for glial fibrillary acidic protein immunoreactivity and the number of terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase d UTP nick end labeling-positive cells were also significantly decreased both 2 days and 2 weeks post injury, while the number of Neu N-positive cells and the percentage of the area positive for the oligodendrocyte marker CNPase were increased in the injured deferoxamine-treated rats. At 14–56 days post injury, hind limb motor function in the deferoxamine-treated rats was superior to that in the saline-treated rats. These results suggest that deferoxamine decreases total iron ion, tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-1β, and caspase-3 expression levels after spinal cord injury and inhibits apoptosis and glial scar formation to promote motor function recovery.展开更多
The enhanced permeability retention(EPR)effect based nanomedicine has been widely used for tumor targeting during the past decades.Here we unexpectedly observed the similar"EPR effect"at the site of iniury.W...The enhanced permeability retention(EPR)effect based nanomedicine has been widely used for tumor targeting during the past decades.Here we unexpectedly observed the similar"EPR effect"at the site of iniury.We found that the temporary dilated and leaky blood vessels caused by the potent vasodilator histamine in response to injury allowed the injected nanoparticles to pass through the vasculature and reached the injured tissue.Our finding shows the potential underline mechanism of"EPR effect"at the injured site.By loading with antibiotics,we further demonstrated a new strategy for prevention of infection at the site of injury.展开更多
Both brain injury and tacrolimus have been reported to promote the regeneration of injured peripheral nerves. In this study, before transection of rat sciatic nerve, moderate brain contusion was（or was not） induced....Both brain injury and tacrolimus have been reported to promote the regeneration of injured peripheral nerves. In this study, before transection of rat sciatic nerve, moderate brain contusion was（or was not） induced. After sciatic nerve injury, tacrolimus, an immunosuppressant, was（or was not） intraperitoneally administered. At 4, 8 and 12 weeks after surgery, Masson＇s trichrome, hematoxylin-eosin, and toluidine blue staining results revealed that brain injury or tacrolimus alone or their combination alleviated gastrocnemius muscle atrophy and sciatic nerve fiber impairment on the experimental side, simultaneously improved sciatic nerve function, and increased gastrocnemius muscle wet weight on the experimental side. At 8 and 12 weeks after surgery, brain injury induction and/or tacrolimus treatment increased action potential amplitude in the sciatic nerve trunk. Horseradish peroxidase retrograde tracing revealed that the number of horseradish peroxidase-positive neurons in the anterior horn of the spinal cord was greatly increased. Brain injury in combination with tacrolimus exhibited better effects on repair of injured peripheral nerves than brain injury or tacrolimus alone. This result suggests that brain injury in combination with tacrolimus promotes repair of peripheral nerve injury.展开更多
Brain regenerative studies require precise visualization of the morphological structures. However, few imaging methods can effectively detect the adult zebrafish brain in real time with high resolution and good penetr...Brain regenerative studies require precise visualization of the morphological structures. However, few imaging methods can effectively detect the adult zebrafish brain in real time with high resolution and good penetration depth. Long-term in vivo monitoring of brain injuries and brain regeneration on adult zebrafish is achieved in this study by using 1325 nm spectral-domain optical coherence tomography（SD-OCT）. The SD-OCT is able to noninvasively visualize the skull injury and brain lesion of adult zebrafish. Valuable phenomenon such as the fractured skull, swollen brain tissues, and part of the brain regeneration process can be conducted based on the SD-OCT images at different time points during a period of 43 days.展开更多
Spinal cord injury and treatment opportunities:The adult mammalian spinal cord has a very limited capacity for spontaneous regeneration due to various intrinsic molecular and cellular factors.Although the spinal cord ...Spinal cord injury and treatment opportunities:The adult mammalian spinal cord has a very limited capacity for spontaneous regeneration due to various intrinsic molecular and cellular factors.Although the spinal cord neurons have the capacity to regenerate their axons,the expression of growth inhibitory factors,lack or suppression of proper guidance cues,and profound inflammatory responses do not permit successful regeneration(Khyeam et al.,2021).展开更多
Objective:To investigate the clinical efficacy and safety of percutaneous kyphoplasty at different surgical timings in the treatment of osteoporotic vertebral compression fracture(OVCF)based on the theory of“dynamic-...Objective:To investigate the clinical efficacy and safety of percutaneous kyphoplasty at different surgical timings in the treatment of osteoporotic vertebral compression fracture(OVCF)based on the theory of“dynamic-static integration”.Methods:Patients with OVCF who underwent percutaneous kyphoplasty in our hospital were selected and divided into Groups A,B,and C for those undergoing surgery within 7,7—21,and>21 days of fracture occurrence.The variations in the amount of bone cement injected,pre-and post-operative pain levels,functional activity,deformity correction of the injured vertebrae,bone cement leakage,and vertebral body height loss were compared among the three groups.Results:Regarding pain relief and functional activity,the postoperative Visual Analog Scale and Oswestry Disability Index scores of the three groups significantly improved.Furthermore,the deformities of the injured vertebrae in the three groups were significantly corrected,with Groups A and B exhibiting superior correction compared to Group C.Moreover,the bone cement leakage rates in groups A and C were higher than that in Group B.At the 3-month follow-up,the loss of vertebral height in Group C was significantly higher than those in groups A and B.Conclusion:Kyphoplasty is effective for OVCF treatment.Early surgery can effectively restore the vertebral height of the injured vertebra,reduce kyphosis,and reduce height loss of the injured vertebra after surgery;nevertheless,treatment within 1—3 weeks of the fracture can reduce the occurrence of bone cement leakage,making the surgery safer.Therefore,surgical treatment within 1—3 weeks of fracture is safer and can achieve satisfactory therapeutic effects.From the perspective of traditional Chinese medicine,PKP surgery can transform the fracture end from a micromotion state to a fixed state,which fully embodies the theory of“dynamic-static integration”.展开更多
Neural stem and progenitor cell(NSPC)transpla ntation has emerged as a promising therapeutic strategy for replacing lost neuronal populations and repairing damaged neural circuits following nervous system injury and d...Neural stem and progenitor cell(NSPC)transpla ntation has emerged as a promising therapeutic strategy for replacing lost neuronal populations and repairing damaged neural circuits following nervous system injury and disease.A great deal of experimental work has investigated the biology of NSPC grafting in preclinical animal models;more recently.展开更多
Spinal cord injury（SCI）is one of the most common causes of paralysis worldwide because the loss of neurons and axons causes permanent neurological deficits which could have influences on quality of life of patients,...Spinal cord injury（SCI）is one of the most common causes of paralysis worldwide because the loss of neurons and axons causes permanent neurological deficits which could have influences on quality of life of patients,their family,and society.The complex pathophysiology of SCI,especially the secondary injury cascade,blocks complete recovery after SCI（Dumont et al.,2001）.展开更多
At present, there is no effective treatment for the repair of the optic nerve after injury, or improvement of its microenvironment for regeneration. Intravitreally injected ciliary neurotrophic factor（CNTF） and olfa...At present, there is no effective treatment for the repair of the optic nerve after injury, or improvement of its microenvironment for regeneration. Intravitreally injected ciliary neurotrophic factor（CNTF） and olfactory ensheathing cells（OECs） promote the long-distance regrowth of severed optic nerve fibers after intracranial injury. Here, we examined the efficacy of these techniques alone and in combination, in a rat model of optic nerve injury. We injected condensed OEC suspension at the site of injury, or CNTF into the vitreous body, or both simultaneously. Retrograde tracing techniques showed that 4 weeks postoperatively, the number of surviving retinal ganglion cells and their axonal density in the optic nerve were greater in rats subjected to OEC injection only than in those receiving CNTF injection only. Furthermore, combined OEC ＋ CNTF injection achieved better results than either monotherapy. These findings confirm that OECs are better than CNTF at protecting injured neurons in the eye, but that combined OEC and CNTF therapy is notably more effective than either treatment alone.展开更多
基金supported by the Key Project Fund of Henan Medical Science and Technology of Henan Province Health Bureau in China,No.200902009
文摘Electroacupuncture at the head acupoints Baihui（GV20） and Shuigou（GV26） improves recovery of neurological function following ischemic cerebrovascular events,but its mechanism remains incompletely understood.We hypothesized that the action of electroacupuncture at these acupoints is associated with elevated serum levels of transforming growth factor beta 1（TGF-β1）.To test this,we established a rat model of cerebral ischemia by middle cerebral artery occlusion.Electroacupuncture was performed at Baihui and Shuigou with a “dispersedense” wave at an alternating frequency of 2 and 150 Hz,and at a constant intensity of 3 m A.Each electroacupuncture session lasted 30 minutes and was performed every 12 hours for 3 days.Neurological severity scores were lower in injured rats after acupuncture than in those not subjected to treatment.Furthermore,serum level of TGF-β1 was greater after electroacupuncture than after no treatment.Our results indicate that electroacupuncture at Baihui and Shuigou increases the serum level of TGF-β1 in rats with acute cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury,and exerts neuroprotective effects.
基金supported by the Research and Development Project Fund of Science and Technology Plan Program of Science and Technology Bureau of Beijing of China,No.Z111107067311022
文摘The active ingredient of ginseng,ginsenosides Rg1,has been shown to scavenge free radicals and improve antioxidant capacity.This study hypothesized that ginsenosides Rg1 has a protective role in human neuroblastoma cells injured by H2O2.Ginsenosides Rg1 at different concentrations（50 and 100 μM） was used to treat H2O2（150 μM）-injured SH-SY5 Y cells.Results demonstrated that ginsenoside Rg1 elevated the survival rate of SH-SY5 Y cells injured by H2O2,diminished the amount of leaked lactate dehydrogenase,and increased superoxide dismutase activity.Ginsenoside Rg1 effectively suppressed caspase-3 immunoreactivity,and contributed to heat shock protein 70 gene expression,in a dose-dependent manner.These results indicate that ginsenoside Rg1 has protective effects on SH-SY5 Y cells injured by H2O2 and that its mechanism of action is associated with anti-oxidation and the inhibition of apoptosis.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.81672171,81330042the International Cooperation Program of National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.81620108018+2 种基金a grant from the Ministry of Science and Technology of China,No.2014DFR31210a grant from the Tianjin Science and Technology Committee of China,No.13RCGFSY19000,14ZCZDSY00044the Youth Foundation of Tianjin Medical University General Hospital of China,No.ZYYFY2015008
文摘Deferoxamine, a clinically safe drug used for treating iron overload, also repairs spinal cord injury although the mechanism for this action remains unknown. Here, we determined whether deferoxamine was therapeutic in a rat model of spinal cord injury and explored potential mechanisms for this effect. Spinal cord injury was induced by impacting the spinal cord at the thoracic T10 vertebra level. One group of injured rats received deferoxamine, a second injured group received saline, and a third group was sham operated. Both 2 days and 2 weeks after spinal cord injury, total iron ion levels and protein expression levels of the proinflammatory cytokines tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin-1β and the pro-apoptotic protein caspase-3 in the spinal cords of the injured deferoxamine-treated rats were significantly lower than those in the injured saline-treated group. The percentage of the area positive for glial fibrillary acidic protein immunoreactivity and the number of terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase d UTP nick end labeling-positive cells were also significantly decreased both 2 days and 2 weeks post injury, while the number of Neu N-positive cells and the percentage of the area positive for the oligodendrocyte marker CNPase were increased in the injured deferoxamine-treated rats. At 14–56 days post injury, hind limb motor function in the deferoxamine-treated rats was superior to that in the saline-treated rats. These results suggest that deferoxamine decreases total iron ion, tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-1β, and caspase-3 expression levels after spinal cord injury and inhibits apoptosis and glial scar formation to promote motor function recovery.
基金This work was supported by grants from startup supports of Soochow University and the Program for Jiangsu Specially-Appointed Professors.This work was also supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.31900988)the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province(No.SBK2019040088).
文摘The enhanced permeability retention(EPR)effect based nanomedicine has been widely used for tumor targeting during the past decades.Here we unexpectedly observed the similar"EPR effect"at the site of iniury.We found that the temporary dilated and leaky blood vessels caused by the potent vasodilator histamine in response to injury allowed the injected nanoparticles to pass through the vasculature and reached the injured tissue.Our finding shows the potential underline mechanism of"EPR effect"at the injured site.By loading with antibiotics,we further demonstrated a new strategy for prevention of infection at the site of injury.
基金supported by a grant from the Mandatory Project of Health Department of Hebei Province of China,No.20130027a grant from the Mandatory Project of Science and Technology Department of Hebei Province of China,No.142777105Da grant from Science and Technology Bureau of Chengde City of Hebei Province of China,No.20123128
文摘Both brain injury and tacrolimus have been reported to promote the regeneration of injured peripheral nerves. In this study, before transection of rat sciatic nerve, moderate brain contusion was（or was not） induced. After sciatic nerve injury, tacrolimus, an immunosuppressant, was（or was not） intraperitoneally administered. At 4, 8 and 12 weeks after surgery, Masson＇s trichrome, hematoxylin-eosin, and toluidine blue staining results revealed that brain injury or tacrolimus alone or their combination alleviated gastrocnemius muscle atrophy and sciatic nerve fiber impairment on the experimental side, simultaneously improved sciatic nerve function, and increased gastrocnemius muscle wet weight on the experimental side. At 8 and 12 weeks after surgery, brain injury induction and/or tacrolimus treatment increased action potential amplitude in the sciatic nerve trunk. Horseradish peroxidase retrograde tracing revealed that the number of horseradish peroxidase-positive neurons in the anterior horn of the spinal cord was greatly increased. Brain injury in combination with tacrolimus exhibited better effects on repair of injured peripheral nerves than brain injury or tacrolimus alone. This result suggests that brain injury in combination with tacrolimus promotes repair of peripheral nerve injury.
基金supported by MYRG2014-00093-FHS,MYRG 2015-00036-FHS,and MYRG2016-00110-FHS grants from the University of Macao in MacaoFDCT026/2014/A1 and FDCT 025/2015/A1 grants from Macao government
文摘Brain regenerative studies require precise visualization of the morphological structures. However, few imaging methods can effectively detect the adult zebrafish brain in real time with high resolution and good penetration depth. Long-term in vivo monitoring of brain injuries and brain regeneration on adult zebrafish is achieved in this study by using 1325 nm spectral-domain optical coherence tomography（SD-OCT）. The SD-OCT is able to noninvasively visualize the skull injury and brain lesion of adult zebrafish. Valuable phenomenon such as the fractured skull, swollen brain tissues, and part of the brain regeneration process can be conducted based on the SD-OCT images at different time points during a period of 43 days.
文摘Spinal cord injury and treatment opportunities:The adult mammalian spinal cord has a very limited capacity for spontaneous regeneration due to various intrinsic molecular and cellular factors.Although the spinal cord neurons have the capacity to regenerate their axons,the expression of growth inhibitory factors,lack or suppression of proper guidance cues,and profound inflammatory responses do not permit successful regeneration(Khyeam et al.,2021).
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(82374493).
文摘Objective:To investigate the clinical efficacy and safety of percutaneous kyphoplasty at different surgical timings in the treatment of osteoporotic vertebral compression fracture(OVCF)based on the theory of“dynamic-static integration”.Methods:Patients with OVCF who underwent percutaneous kyphoplasty in our hospital were selected and divided into Groups A,B,and C for those undergoing surgery within 7,7—21,and>21 days of fracture occurrence.The variations in the amount of bone cement injected,pre-and post-operative pain levels,functional activity,deformity correction of the injured vertebrae,bone cement leakage,and vertebral body height loss were compared among the three groups.Results:Regarding pain relief and functional activity,the postoperative Visual Analog Scale and Oswestry Disability Index scores of the three groups significantly improved.Furthermore,the deformities of the injured vertebrae in the three groups were significantly corrected,with Groups A and B exhibiting superior correction compared to Group C.Moreover,the bone cement leakage rates in groups A and C were higher than that in Group B.At the 3-month follow-up,the loss of vertebral height in Group C was significantly higher than those in groups A and B.Conclusion:Kyphoplasty is effective for OVCF treatment.Early surgery can effectively restore the vertebral height of the injured vertebra,reduce kyphosis,and reduce height loss of the injured vertebra after surgery;nevertheless,treatment within 1—3 weeks of the fracture can reduce the occurrence of bone cement leakage,making the surgery safer.Therefore,surgical treatment within 1—3 weeks of fracture is safer and can achieve satisfactory therapeutic effects.From the perspective of traditional Chinese medicine,PKP surgery can transform the fracture end from a micromotion state to a fixed state,which fully embodies the theory of“dynamic-static integration”.
基金supported by the National Institutes of Health(R01NS116404,to JND)Mission Connect,a program of TIRR Foundation(021-101,to JND)。
文摘Neural stem and progenitor cell(NSPC)transpla ntation has emerged as a promising therapeutic strategy for replacing lost neuronal populations and repairing damaged neural circuits following nervous system injury and disease.A great deal of experimental work has investigated the biology of NSPC grafting in preclinical animal models;more recently.
文摘Spinal cord injury（SCI）is one of the most common causes of paralysis worldwide because the loss of neurons and axons causes permanent neurological deficits which could have influences on quality of life of patients,their family,and society.The complex pathophysiology of SCI,especially the secondary injury cascade,blocks complete recovery after SCI（Dumont et al.,2001）.
基金supported by the Dean Fund of Jinan Military General Hospital in 2015,No.2015QN02
文摘At present, there is no effective treatment for the repair of the optic nerve after injury, or improvement of its microenvironment for regeneration. Intravitreally injected ciliary neurotrophic factor（CNTF） and olfactory ensheathing cells（OECs） promote the long-distance regrowth of severed optic nerve fibers after intracranial injury. Here, we examined the efficacy of these techniques alone and in combination, in a rat model of optic nerve injury. We injected condensed OEC suspension at the site of injury, or CNTF into the vitreous body, or both simultaneously. Retrograde tracing techniques showed that 4 weeks postoperatively, the number of surviving retinal ganglion cells and their axonal density in the optic nerve were greater in rats subjected to OEC injection only than in those receiving CNTF injection only. Furthermore, combined OEC ＋ CNTF injection achieved better results than either monotherapy. These findings confirm that OECs are better than CNTF at protecting injured neurons in the eye, but that combined OEC and CNTF therapy is notably more effective than either treatment alone.
