Non-destructive testing of composites is an important issue in the modern aircraft industry.Composites are susceptible to the barely visible impact damage which can affect the residual strength of the material and occ...Non-destructive testing of composites is an important issue in the modern aircraft industry.Composites are susceptible to the barely visible impact damage which can affect the residual strength of the material and occurs both during production and operation.The continuum model for describing the damaged zone is presented.The slip theory relations used for a continuous distribution of slip planes are applied.At the initial stage,the isotropic background model is used.This model allows the material slippage along the fractures based on the Coulomb friction law with the small viscous addition.In this regime,the govern system of equations becomes rigid.To overcome this difficulty,the explicit-implicit grid-characteristic scheme is proposed.The standard ultrasound diagnostic procedure of damaged composite materials is successfully simulated.Compared with the trivial free-surface fracture model,different reactions on the compression and stretch waves are registered.This approach provided an effective way for the simulation of complex dynamic behavior of damage zones.展开更多
The Grid-Characteristic numerical Method(GCM)that is quite common in solving aero and hydrodynamic problems can also be applied for mechanics of solids.It allows to implement complex border and contact conditions,incl...The Grid-Characteristic numerical Method(GCM)that is quite common in solving aero and hydrodynamic problems can also be applied for mechanics of solids.It allows to implement complex border and contact conditions,including the non-reflecting border and the destructible contact.Both this conditions are very important for the precise and effective modeling of LowVelocity Impacts(LVI)on fiber and Fiber-Metal Laminates(FML)and the resulting Barely Visible Impact Damage(BVID)that influences the residual strength of a composite aircraft part.BVID is the type of damage that is not visible by the naked eye and can be hardly detected by a standard ultrasound equipment that is used for regular maintenance.It can appear during any weak impacts like bird strike or hail.Determining its influence on the residual strength of the part is very important to define the priorities of development of ultrasound diagnostics.In this paper,the GCM was applied for a full cycle of loading of an FML aircraft cover part.The FML consisted of a Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymer(CFRP)and a single titanium layer on the upper surface.The cycle of loading in a single calculation consisted of an LVI caused by a small striker and a comparatively slow compressive in-plane loading.Three-dimensional patterns of velocity and stress distributions over the time of calculation are given.Destruction patterns,obtained via the Hashin failure criterion are given and analyzed.展开更多
模块化多电平换流器高压直流输电MMC-HVDC(modular multilevel converter based high voltage direct current)技术近年来得到迅猛发展,已成为解决新能源并网以及多端直流互联的有效手段之一,而高压直流断路器的缺乏已成为制约其工程应...模块化多电平换流器高压直流输电MMC-HVDC(modular multilevel converter based high voltage direct current)技术近年来得到迅猛发展,已成为解决新能源并网以及多端直流互联的有效手段之一,而高压直流断路器的缺乏已成为制约其工程应用的瓶颈之一。首先探讨了MMC-HVDC的双极短路故障特性;接着,对比分析了不同类型的直流断路器技术;然后,基于上述结果,在传统混合直流断路器基础上,提出了一种改进的混合式直流断路器方案,并详细分析了其工程过程;最后,通过仿真对其可行性和有效性进行了验证。展开更多
基金the financial support of the Russian Science Foundation(No.19-71-10060)。
文摘Non-destructive testing of composites is an important issue in the modern aircraft industry.Composites are susceptible to the barely visible impact damage which can affect the residual strength of the material and occurs both during production and operation.The continuum model for describing the damaged zone is presented.The slip theory relations used for a continuous distribution of slip planes are applied.At the initial stage,the isotropic background model is used.This model allows the material slippage along the fractures based on the Coulomb friction law with the small viscous addition.In this regime,the govern system of equations becomes rigid.To overcome this difficulty,the explicit-implicit grid-characteristic scheme is proposed.The standard ultrasound diagnostic procedure of damaged composite materials is successfully simulated.Compared with the trivial free-surface fracture model,different reactions on the compression and stretch waves are registered.This approach provided an effective way for the simulation of complex dynamic behavior of damage zones.
基金This work was carried out with the financial support of the Russian Science Foundation(No.19-71-00147).
文摘The Grid-Characteristic numerical Method(GCM)that is quite common in solving aero and hydrodynamic problems can also be applied for mechanics of solids.It allows to implement complex border and contact conditions,including the non-reflecting border and the destructible contact.Both this conditions are very important for the precise and effective modeling of LowVelocity Impacts(LVI)on fiber and Fiber-Metal Laminates(FML)and the resulting Barely Visible Impact Damage(BVID)that influences the residual strength of a composite aircraft part.BVID is the type of damage that is not visible by the naked eye and can be hardly detected by a standard ultrasound equipment that is used for regular maintenance.It can appear during any weak impacts like bird strike or hail.Determining its influence on the residual strength of the part is very important to define the priorities of development of ultrasound diagnostics.In this paper,the GCM was applied for a full cycle of loading of an FML aircraft cover part.The FML consisted of a Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymer(CFRP)and a single titanium layer on the upper surface.The cycle of loading in a single calculation consisted of an LVI caused by a small striker and a comparatively slow compressive in-plane loading.Three-dimensional patterns of velocity and stress distributions over the time of calculation are given.Destruction patterns,obtained via the Hashin failure criterion are given and analyzed.
文摘模块化多电平换流器高压直流输电MMC-HVDC(modular multilevel converter based high voltage direct current)技术近年来得到迅猛发展,已成为解决新能源并网以及多端直流互联的有效手段之一,而高压直流断路器的缺乏已成为制约其工程应用的瓶颈之一。首先探讨了MMC-HVDC的双极短路故障特性;接着,对比分析了不同类型的直流断路器技术;然后,基于上述结果,在传统混合直流断路器基础上,提出了一种改进的混合式直流断路器方案,并详细分析了其工程过程;最后,通过仿真对其可行性和有效性进行了验证。
