To achieve good metabolic control in diabetes and keep long term, a combination of changes in lifestyle and pharmacological treatment is necessary. Achieving near-normal glycated hemoglobin significantly, decreases ri...To achieve good metabolic control in diabetes and keep long term, a combination of changes in lifestyle and pharmacological treatment is necessary. Achieving near-normal glycated hemoglobin significantly, decreases risk of macrovascular and microvascular complications. At present there are different treatments, both oral and injectable, available for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM). Treatment algorithms designed to reduce the development or progression of the complications of diabetes emphasizes the need for good glycaemic control. The aim of this review is to perform an update on the benefits and limitations of different drugs, both current and future, for the treatment of T2 DM. Initial intervention should focus on lifestyle changes. Moreover, changes in lifestyle have proven to be beneficial, but for many patients is a complication keep long term. Physicians should be familiar with the different types of existing drugs for the treatment of diabetes and select the most effective, safe and better tolerated by patients. Metformin remains the first choice of treatment for most patients. Other alternative or second-line treatment options should be individualized depending on the characteristics of each patient. This article reviews the treatments available for patients with T2 DM, with an emphasis on agents introduced within the last decade.展开更多
SEEDS are the matrix of agriculture. The seed is to grain production what chips are to the technology industry. Sustainable development of the seed industry is vital to food safety.Since its founding in 1949, the Peo...SEEDS are the matrix of agriculture. The seed is to grain production what chips are to the technology industry. Sustainable development of the seed industry is vital to food safety.Since its founding in 1949, the People’s Republic of China (PRC) has paid particular attention to the seed industry in developing agriculture. Notably after the reform and opening-up policy was launched in 1978, China achieved marked progress in crop growing and grain production, feeding 22 percent of the world’s population with only seven percent of the total arable land.展开更多
扶助外交是国际政治社会学(International Political Sociology,IPS)的概念,是国内社会中扶助行为向国际政治的延伸使用,主要指代大国或者国际组织等国际权威中心基于人道主义或国际社会整体利益而对弱小行为体或受挫行为体进行的善意...扶助外交是国际政治社会学(International Political Sociology,IPS)的概念,是国内社会中扶助行为向国际政治的延伸使用,主要指代大国或者国际组织等国际权威中心基于人道主义或国际社会整体利益而对弱小行为体或受挫行为体进行的善意援助或帮助。援助与扶助有时混用,但仍有较大的差异,扶助从根本上讲是道义政治行为,援助则属理性操作;援助的施动方比较普遍,但是扶助则常常是大国行为;援助有着强烈的互助性质,而扶助则有着强烈的他助性质。典型的扶助外交虽发端于古代东亚,但近代和当代大国都屡有不俗的表现,各有千秋。新中国的扶助外交体现了国际主义指导下的一贯性与坚定性,重点在于扶助发展中国家,而且呈现出明显的平等性、相互性与多边性,是中国特色大国外交的重要特征之一。俄罗斯开展扶助外交注重体系性构建,将军事或安全扶助置于重要地位,同时对外扶助也多有超出自身实力水平的特点,呈现出一种失衡的救济主义。欧盟兼具大国和国际组织的双重定位,其扶助外交的特点包括,一是对发展中国家的援助注重平等和相互尊重的合作精神,二是注重构建一个圈序实施的全方位援助体系,三是呈现出内外一体、政经融合、标准综合化方向发展态势。联合国是全球扶助的领导者,在实施"千年发展计划"、完善不同组织合作引领机制建设、吸纳国际社会意见建议等方面可圈可点,为了做好《2030可持续发展计划》,联合国需要加强自身建设,积极做好与二十国集团、金砖国家等机制合作,并继续发挥其文明包容互鉴的国际场域作用。文章还讨论了大国扶助的三方面制约因素,指出了欧盟扶助外交对美依附性,并认为在大危机条件下新型国际关系建构需要国际权威中心的层级治理。展开更多
文摘To achieve good metabolic control in diabetes and keep long term, a combination of changes in lifestyle and pharmacological treatment is necessary. Achieving near-normal glycated hemoglobin significantly, decreases risk of macrovascular and microvascular complications. At present there are different treatments, both oral and injectable, available for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM). Treatment algorithms designed to reduce the development or progression of the complications of diabetes emphasizes the need for good glycaemic control. The aim of this review is to perform an update on the benefits and limitations of different drugs, both current and future, for the treatment of T2 DM. Initial intervention should focus on lifestyle changes. Moreover, changes in lifestyle have proven to be beneficial, but for many patients is a complication keep long term. Physicians should be familiar with the different types of existing drugs for the treatment of diabetes and select the most effective, safe and better tolerated by patients. Metformin remains the first choice of treatment for most patients. Other alternative or second-line treatment options should be individualized depending on the characteristics of each patient. This article reviews the treatments available for patients with T2 DM, with an emphasis on agents introduced within the last decade.
文摘SEEDS are the matrix of agriculture. The seed is to grain production what chips are to the technology industry. Sustainable development of the seed industry is vital to food safety.Since its founding in 1949, the People’s Republic of China (PRC) has paid particular attention to the seed industry in developing agriculture. Notably after the reform and opening-up policy was launched in 1978, China achieved marked progress in crop growing and grain production, feeding 22 percent of the world’s population with only seven percent of the total arable land.
文摘扶助外交是国际政治社会学(International Political Sociology,IPS)的概念,是国内社会中扶助行为向国际政治的延伸使用,主要指代大国或者国际组织等国际权威中心基于人道主义或国际社会整体利益而对弱小行为体或受挫行为体进行的善意援助或帮助。援助与扶助有时混用,但仍有较大的差异,扶助从根本上讲是道义政治行为,援助则属理性操作;援助的施动方比较普遍,但是扶助则常常是大国行为;援助有着强烈的互助性质,而扶助则有着强烈的他助性质。典型的扶助外交虽发端于古代东亚,但近代和当代大国都屡有不俗的表现,各有千秋。新中国的扶助外交体现了国际主义指导下的一贯性与坚定性,重点在于扶助发展中国家,而且呈现出明显的平等性、相互性与多边性,是中国特色大国外交的重要特征之一。俄罗斯开展扶助外交注重体系性构建,将军事或安全扶助置于重要地位,同时对外扶助也多有超出自身实力水平的特点,呈现出一种失衡的救济主义。欧盟兼具大国和国际组织的双重定位,其扶助外交的特点包括,一是对发展中国家的援助注重平等和相互尊重的合作精神,二是注重构建一个圈序实施的全方位援助体系,三是呈现出内外一体、政经融合、标准综合化方向发展态势。联合国是全球扶助的领导者,在实施"千年发展计划"、完善不同组织合作引领机制建设、吸纳国际社会意见建议等方面可圈可点,为了做好《2030可持续发展计划》,联合国需要加强自身建设,积极做好与二十国集团、金砖国家等机制合作,并继续发挥其文明包容互鉴的国际场域作用。文章还讨论了大国扶助的三方面制约因素,指出了欧盟扶助外交对美依附性,并认为在大危机条件下新型国际关系建构需要国际权威中心的层级治理。
