Circadian clocks are endogenous timers that enable plants to synchronize biological processes with daily and seasonal environmental conditions in order to allocate resources during the most beneficial times of day and...Circadian clocks are endogenous timers that enable plants to synchronize biological processes with daily and seasonal environmental conditions in order to allocate resources during the most beneficial times of day and year. The circadian clock regulates a number of central plant activities, including growth, develop- ment, and reproduction, primarily through controlling a substantial proportion of transcriptional activity and protein function. This review examines the roles that alleles of circadian clock genes have played in domestication and improvement of crop plants. The focus here is on three groups of circadian clock genes essential to clock function in Arabidopsis thaliana： PSEUDO-RESPONSE REGULATORs, GIGANTEA, and the evening complex genes EARL Y FLOWERING 3, EARLY FLOWERING 4, and LUX ARRHYTHMO. Homol- ogous genes from each group underlie quantitative trait loci that have beneficial influences on key agricul- tural traits, especially flowering time but also yield, biomass, and biennial growth habit. Emerging insights into circadian clock regulation of other fundamental plant processes, including responses to abiotic and biotic stresses, are discussed to highlight promising avenues for further crop improvement.展开更多
分析了目前在实际光纤纵差保护中应用的数据同步方法的缺点,尤其是SDH(synchronous digital hierar-chy)光纤自愈环网中收发数据路由不一致导致线路两侧保护装置采样数据不同步问题,提出了一种适用于超、特高压长线路光纤纵差保护的采...分析了目前在实际光纤纵差保护中应用的数据同步方法的缺点,尤其是SDH(synchronous digital hierar-chy)光纤自愈环网中收发数据路由不一致导致线路两侧保护装置采样数据不同步问题,提出了一种适用于超、特高压长线路光纤纵差保护的采样数据同步方法,即基于时钟校正法,并通过精确线路模型的在线计算对时钟做进一步补偿校正的方法.EMTP仿真验证该方法的误差小于0.5μs.理论分析和仿真结果证明了该方法保证线路两侧保护装置采样数据同步的有效性及应用于超、特高压长线的可行性.展开更多
LXI(LAN-based Extensions for Instrumentation)技术的提出进一步推动了测试测量领域的发展,基于IEEE1588精确时钟同步协议的时间同步触发是LXI B类仪器的一个主要特点。本文介绍了IEEE1588精密时钟协议,详细分析了其同步原理,并介绍...LXI(LAN-based Extensions for Instrumentation)技术的提出进一步推动了测试测量领域的发展,基于IEEE1588精确时钟同步协议的时间同步触发是LXI B类仪器的一个主要特点。本文介绍了IEEE1588精密时钟协议,详细分析了其同步原理,并介绍了一种实现IEEE1588协议的方案,从时钟通过与主时钟交换报文获取时间戳,根据时间戳计算出与主时钟的时间偏差并对自己的时钟进行修正。最后对所设计的系统进行了测试,测试结果显示系统能实现时钟同步。展开更多
文摘Circadian clocks are endogenous timers that enable plants to synchronize biological processes with daily and seasonal environmental conditions in order to allocate resources during the most beneficial times of day and year. The circadian clock regulates a number of central plant activities, including growth, develop- ment, and reproduction, primarily through controlling a substantial proportion of transcriptional activity and protein function. This review examines the roles that alleles of circadian clock genes have played in domestication and improvement of crop plants. The focus here is on three groups of circadian clock genes essential to clock function in Arabidopsis thaliana： PSEUDO-RESPONSE REGULATORs, GIGANTEA, and the evening complex genes EARL Y FLOWERING 3, EARLY FLOWERING 4, and LUX ARRHYTHMO. Homol- ogous genes from each group underlie quantitative trait loci that have beneficial influences on key agricul- tural traits, especially flowering time but also yield, biomass, and biennial growth habit. Emerging insights into circadian clock regulation of other fundamental plant processes, including responses to abiotic and biotic stresses, are discussed to highlight promising avenues for further crop improvement.
文摘分析了目前在实际光纤纵差保护中应用的数据同步方法的缺点,尤其是SDH(synchronous digital hierar-chy)光纤自愈环网中收发数据路由不一致导致线路两侧保护装置采样数据不同步问题,提出了一种适用于超、特高压长线路光纤纵差保护的采样数据同步方法,即基于时钟校正法,并通过精确线路模型的在线计算对时钟做进一步补偿校正的方法.EMTP仿真验证该方法的误差小于0.5μs.理论分析和仿真结果证明了该方法保证线路两侧保护装置采样数据同步的有效性及应用于超、特高压长线的可行性.
文摘LXI(LAN-based Extensions for Instrumentation)技术的提出进一步推动了测试测量领域的发展,基于IEEE1588精确时钟同步协议的时间同步触发是LXI B类仪器的一个主要特点。本文介绍了IEEE1588精密时钟协议,详细分析了其同步原理,并介绍了一种实现IEEE1588协议的方案,从时钟通过与主时钟交换报文获取时间戳,根据时间戳计算出与主时钟的时间偏差并对自己的时钟进行修正。最后对所设计的系统进行了测试,测试结果显示系统能实现时钟同步。
