The introduction of Western science in order to change physical and operational aspects of Shanghai＇s Huangpu River had been debated by Qing and Western officials since almost the beginning of its history as a Treaty...The introduction of Western science in order to change physical and operational aspects of Shanghai＇s Huangpu River had been debated by Qing and Western officials since almost the beginning of its history as a Treaty Port. At stake in those debates was the perception of the river＇s proper use： as a natural barrier for military defense, or as a conduit for global trade. After the Western powers unified to militarily suppress the Boxer Uprising in 1900, they attained their long-awaited goal of the right to transform the river for global trade as part of Article 11 of the Boxer Protocol： the Junpuju （or Huangpu Conservancy Board） was created and authorized by the central government to make the Huangpu River navigable for shipping vessels. Although the Junpuju continued the ethos of earlier extra-bureaucratic organizations established during the Self-Strengthening Movement, after 1901 the organization bore the authority of the central government. During the era of the New Policies, Qing officials were intent on revising the original terms of river conservancy so that they would be more favorable to Chinese sovereignty. At the same time, imperialist rivalries among the Western powers ruptured the apparent unity of the earlier alliance during the suppression of the Boxer Uprising. Before long, Western corruption in the Huangpu River dredging was brought to the attention of Qing officials, who deftly used it to recover Qing control over certain parts of the body of the river.展开更多
Fish is rich </span><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"">in</span><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:""> essential nutrients but can remain a potent...Fish is rich </span><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"">in</span><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:""> essential nutrients but can remain a potential source of food poisoning. A study was</span><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"">,</span><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:""> therefore</span><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"">,</span><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:""> carried out with the general objective of highlighting the probable biological and chemical dangers associated with the <span>consumption of fish and freshwater fruits from </span></span><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"">the </span><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"">Guéssabo river. The</span><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:""> present study was conducted on 50 carp fish, 50 mackerel f</span><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"">i</span><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"">sh, 50 frog</span><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"">s</span><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:""> and 50 mol<span>lusks caught in the Guéssabo River. Microorganisms were enumerated by</span> conventional tests and heavy metals were investigated by Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectrometry. The enumeration showed high levels of thermotolerant Coliforms (2.5 × 10<sup>4</sup>), Enterobacteriaceae (3.4 × 10<sup>4</sup>), <i>S</i>. <i>aureus</i> (2.3 × 10<sup>3</sup>) and Yeast/Molds (2.1 × 10<sup>4</sup>), in all samples the standards were not in conformity with the required standards. High levels of Al (7230 μg/kg) and Cd (21.57 μg/kg) were observed in carp fish and these values are <span>above the standard. In conclusion</span></span><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"">,</span><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:""> the fish caught in the Guéssabo River</span><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:""> could be a health risk factor for the consumer.展开更多
文摘The introduction of Western science in order to change physical and operational aspects of Shanghai＇s Huangpu River had been debated by Qing and Western officials since almost the beginning of its history as a Treaty Port. At stake in those debates was the perception of the river＇s proper use： as a natural barrier for military defense, or as a conduit for global trade. After the Western powers unified to militarily suppress the Boxer Uprising in 1900, they attained their long-awaited goal of the right to transform the river for global trade as part of Article 11 of the Boxer Protocol： the Junpuju （or Huangpu Conservancy Board） was created and authorized by the central government to make the Huangpu River navigable for shipping vessels. Although the Junpuju continued the ethos of earlier extra-bureaucratic organizations established during the Self-Strengthening Movement, after 1901 the organization bore the authority of the central government. During the era of the New Policies, Qing officials were intent on revising the original terms of river conservancy so that they would be more favorable to Chinese sovereignty. At the same time, imperialist rivalries among the Western powers ruptured the apparent unity of the earlier alliance during the suppression of the Boxer Uprising. Before long, Western corruption in the Huangpu River dredging was brought to the attention of Qing officials, who deftly used it to recover Qing control over certain parts of the body of the river.
文摘Fish is rich </span><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"">in</span><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:""> essential nutrients but can remain a potential source of food poisoning. A study was</span><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"">,</span><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:""> therefore</span><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"">,</span><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:""> carried out with the general objective of highlighting the probable biological and chemical dangers associated with the <span>consumption of fish and freshwater fruits from </span></span><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"">the </span><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"">Guéssabo river. The</span><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:""> present study was conducted on 50 carp fish, 50 mackerel f</span><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"">i</span><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"">sh, 50 frog</span><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"">s</span><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:""> and 50 mol<span>lusks caught in the Guéssabo River. Microorganisms were enumerated by</span> conventional tests and heavy metals were investigated by Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectrometry. The enumeration showed high levels of thermotolerant Coliforms (2.5 × 10<sup>4</sup>), Enterobacteriaceae (3.4 × 10<sup>4</sup>), <i>S</i>. <i>aureus</i> (2.3 × 10<sup>3</sup>) and Yeast/Molds (2.1 × 10<sup>4</sup>), in all samples the standards were not in conformity with the required standards. High levels of Al (7230 μg/kg) and Cd (21.57 μg/kg) were observed in carp fish and these values are <span>above the standard. In conclusion</span></span><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"">,</span><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:""> the fish caught in the Guéssabo River</span><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:""> could be a health risk factor for the consumer.
