为了更好地理解目前南极冰盖与气候的演化,以及为未来冰盖和气候变化的预测提供依据,通过对A11-02孔沉积物的有机碳、氮含量与稳定同位素值进行分析,结合粒度和地球化学元素等特征,探讨了中全新世以来西南极阿蒙森海沉积物有机质的来源...为了更好地理解目前南极冰盖与气候的演化,以及为未来冰盖和气候变化的预测提供依据,通过对A11-02孔沉积物的有机碳、氮含量与稳定同位素值进行分析,结合粒度和地球化学元素等特征,探讨了中全新世以来西南极阿蒙森海沉积物有机质的来源及古气候意义.沉积物的δ^(13)C_(org)值指示有机质主要为海源输入,陆源有机质贡献相对较少.通过分析沉积物总有机碳含量及海源有机质含量变化,结合粒度及元素的变化特征,认为中全新世以来研究区古生产力的变化主要与气候变化有关,进而识别出4 750~4 500 a BP、3 600~3 400 a BP、2 250~2 000 a BP和600~400 a BP 4个寒冷阶段.展开更多
The water column structure of the ice shelf cavity outflow from under Pine Island Glacier and its temporal variability were investigated using a hourly time series of yo-yo CTD and LADCP data collected over -24 h at t...The water column structure of the ice shelf cavity outflow from under Pine Island Glacier and its temporal variability were investigated using a hourly time series of yo-yo CTD and LADCP data collected over -24 h at the southern end of the ice shelf front. The primary water types present over the continental shelf off Pine Island Bay were Circumpolar Deep Water （CDW）, modified Circumpolar Deep Water （mCDW）, Shelf Water （SW）, and Ice Shelf Water （ISW）. As CDW transited the shelf, it transitioned into cooler, mCDW. In the upper 200 m, ISW dominated within 100 km of the ice shelf and SW further offshore. Within Pine Island Bay, the water column was partitioned into two primary layers based on their behavior： an upper outflowing layer from 100 m to 450 m composed of ISW with a significant meltwater component, 1%-2%, over an inflowing layer from -550 m to the sea bed composed of mCDW. Due to the small cavity extent, the outflowing water was warmer than the seawater freezing point. The upper ISW layer was further split into upper ISW layer #1 （100-300 m） and upper ISW layer #2 （320450 m） with the transition coinciding with the ice shelf draft. Small step-like features with heights from 1-50 m existed within both the ISW layers and were more prominent in upper ISW layer #1. A baroclinic signal at the semidiurnal frequency existed within both primary layers with the strongest signal, - 10 cm·s^-1, propagating vertically in the upper ISW layer.展开更多
Tintinnid ciliates are important pelagic microplankton.Most studies previously conducted in the Amundsen Sea have covered a relatively small latitude range and provided minimal information about tintinnid species comp...Tintinnid ciliates are important pelagic microplankton.Most studies previously conducted in the Amundsen Sea have covered a relatively small latitude range and provided minimal information about tintinnid species composition and distribution.The present study was conducted to investigate tintinnid assemblages from the Antarctic zone(AZ)northward through the polar front(PF)to the subantarctic zone(SAZ).A total of 17 tintinnid species belonging to seven genera were collected,and 16 were identified.Results show that nine of the species are endemic to the Southern Ocean and they mainly inhabit the AZ near Antarctic continent with an abundant proportion exceeding 60%of total tintinnid.According to the tintinnid abundance distribution,the species were divided into four groups:Group I includes Acanthostomella norvegica,Codonellopsis glacialis,C.pusilla and Cymatocylis antarctica and mainly occurs in the northern boundary of the PF;Group II includes Cymatocylis convallaria forma calyciformis,an unidentified species,and Amphorellopsis quinquealata and mainly inhabits the PF;Group III includes Salpingella costata,Cymatocylis vanhoeffeni,C.convallaria forma cristallina,C.convallaria forma drygalskii,C.convallaria,Codonellopsis gaussi,and Laackmanniella naviculaefera and mainly occurs in the AZ near the Antarctic continent;and Group IV,which comprises Salpingella sp.and inhabits all zones.The new species of tintinnid(belonging to Group II)primarily inhabit the AZ but also are distributed in the PF,and they have large lorica-oral-diameter(LOD).The distribution ranges of tintinnid assemblages from the AZ to PF were determined,in addition to the different assemblages mixed in the PF.The information provided in this study increases our understanding of tintinnid assemblages from the Antarctic continent in the Antarctic Circumpolar Current and Antarctic waters.展开更多
The Antarctic ice sheet is the largest block of ice on Earth, a tiny change of its ice sheet will have a significant impact on sea level change, so it plays an important role in global climate change. The Gravity Reco...The Antarctic ice sheet is the largest block of ice on Earth, a tiny change of its ice sheet will have a significant impact on sea level change, so it plays an important role in global climate change. The Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment （GRACE） mission, launched in 2002, provides an alternative method to monitor the Antarctic ice mass variation. The latest Release Level 05 （ RL05 ） version of GRACE time-variable gravity （TVG） data, derived from GRACE observations with improved quality and time-span over 10 years, were released by three GRACE data centers （CSR, JPL and GFZ） in April 2012, which gives us a chance to re-estimate the ice mass change over Antarctic more accurately. In this paper, we examine ice mass changes in regional scale, including Antarctic Peninsula （AP, West Antarctica）, Amundsen Sea Embayment （ASE, West Antarctica）, Lambert-Amery System （LAS, East Antarctica） and 27 drainage basins based on three data sets. The AP mass change rates are -12.03±0.74 Gt/a （CSR, 2004-2012）, -13.92±2.33 Gt/a （JPL, 2004 -2012） , -12.28±0.76 Gt/a （GFZ, 2005-2012） , with an acceleration of -1.50±0.25 Gt/a^2, -1.54±0.26 Gt/a^2, -0. 46±0.28 Gt/a^2 respectively, the ASE mass change rates are -89.22±1.93 Gt/a, -86.28± 2.20 Gt/a, -83.67±1.76 Gt/a with an acceleration of -10. 03±0. 65 Gt/a^2, -8.74±0. 74 Gt/a^2 and -5.69 ±0.68 Gt/a^2, and the LAS mass ehange rates are -4.31±1.95 Gt/a, -7.29±2. 84 Gt/a, 1.20±1.35 Gt/a with an acceleration of -0. 18±0.62 Gt/a^2, 3.55±0.95 Gt/a^2 and 0.97±0.49 Gt/a^2. The mass change rates derived from the three RL05 data are very close to each other both in AP and ASE with the uncertainties much smaller than the change rates, and mass losses are significantly accelerated since 2007 in AP and 2006 in ASE, respectively. However, the mass change rates are significantly different in LAS, negative rate from CSR and JPL data, but positive rate from GFZ data, the uncertainties are even larger than the correspondent change rates. With 展开更多
近几十年来较暖的绕极深层水(Circumpolar Deep Water,CDW)不断入侵阿蒙森海陆架,使冰架底部融化,导致阿蒙森海冰架质量不断损失。分析CDW入侵阿蒙森海陆架的路径及性质变化,对研究冰架变薄和接地线后退具有重要意义。基于GLORYS12V1[Gl...近几十年来较暖的绕极深层水(Circumpolar Deep Water,CDW)不断入侵阿蒙森海陆架,使冰架底部融化,导致阿蒙森海冰架质量不断损失。分析CDW入侵阿蒙森海陆架的路径及性质变化,对研究冰架变薄和接地线后退具有重要意义。基于GLORYS12V1[Global Ocean(1/12)°Physical Reanalysis]再分析数据,对阿蒙森海西侧、中央、东侧通道的体积输运和热输运进行了计算,给出了陆架上CDW温度和盐度的变化特征,并分析了它们与流场间的关系。结果表明,Dotson-Getz海槽内的CDW主要源自西侧通道,Pine Island海槽内的CDW主要源自中央通道和东侧通道。由东侧通道入侵的CDW温度最高,西侧入侵的CDW温度最低。CDW通过西侧通道入侵陆架的体积输运和热输运在时间序列上呈现微弱的上升趋势。CDW通过中央通道向Pine Island海槽的体积输运和热输运约是东侧通道的2倍。CDW进入海槽时的温度主要受两方面影响,一方面与入侵陆架时的温度有关,一方面又被后续的混合过程所控制。展开更多
文摘为了更好地理解目前南极冰盖与气候的演化,以及为未来冰盖和气候变化的预测提供依据,通过对A11-02孔沉积物的有机碳、氮含量与稳定同位素值进行分析,结合粒度和地球化学元素等特征,探讨了中全新世以来西南极阿蒙森海沉积物有机质的来源及古气候意义.沉积物的δ^(13)C_(org)值指示有机质主要为海源输入,陆源有机质贡献相对较少.通过分析沉积物总有机碳含量及海源有机质含量变化,结合粒度及元素的变化特征,认为中全新世以来研究区古生产力的变化主要与气候变化有关,进而识别出4 750~4 500 a BP、3 600~3 400 a BP、2 250~2 000 a BP和600~400 a BP 4个寒冷阶段.
基金support personnel on the RVIB Nathaniel B.Palmer during NPB0901funded partially by both the Australian Antarctic Division,project 2944
文摘The water column structure of the ice shelf cavity outflow from under Pine Island Glacier and its temporal variability were investigated using a hourly time series of yo-yo CTD and LADCP data collected over -24 h at the southern end of the ice shelf front. The primary water types present over the continental shelf off Pine Island Bay were Circumpolar Deep Water （CDW）, modified Circumpolar Deep Water （mCDW）, Shelf Water （SW）, and Ice Shelf Water （ISW）. As CDW transited the shelf, it transitioned into cooler, mCDW. In the upper 200 m, ISW dominated within 100 km of the ice shelf and SW further offshore. Within Pine Island Bay, the water column was partitioned into two primary layers based on their behavior： an upper outflowing layer from 100 m to 450 m composed of ISW with a significant meltwater component, 1%-2%, over an inflowing layer from -550 m to the sea bed composed of mCDW. Due to the small cavity extent, the outflowing water was warmer than the seawater freezing point. The upper ISW layer was further split into upper ISW layer #1 （100-300 m） and upper ISW layer #2 （320450 m） with the transition coinciding with the ice shelf draft. Small step-like features with heights from 1-50 m existed within both the ISW layers and were more prominent in upper ISW layer #1. A baroclinic signal at the semidiurnal frequency existed within both primary layers with the strongest signal, - 10 cm·s^-1, propagating vertically in the upper ISW layer.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.41576164)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.41876217)+4 种基金the CNRS-NSFC Joint Research Projects Program(No.41711530149)the National Key R&D Program of China(No.2017YFC14 04402)the Senior User Project of RV KEXUE(No.KE XUE2018G17)the Chinese Polar Environment Comprehensive Investigation&Assessment Programmes(No.CHINARE2016-01-05)the Scientific and Tech-nological Innovation Project by Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology(No.2015ASK J02)
文摘Tintinnid ciliates are important pelagic microplankton.Most studies previously conducted in the Amundsen Sea have covered a relatively small latitude range and provided minimal information about tintinnid species composition and distribution.The present study was conducted to investigate tintinnid assemblages from the Antarctic zone(AZ)northward through the polar front(PF)to the subantarctic zone(SAZ).A total of 17 tintinnid species belonging to seven genera were collected,and 16 were identified.Results show that nine of the species are endemic to the Southern Ocean and they mainly inhabit the AZ near Antarctic continent with an abundant proportion exceeding 60%of total tintinnid.According to the tintinnid abundance distribution,the species were divided into four groups:Group I includes Acanthostomella norvegica,Codonellopsis glacialis,C.pusilla and Cymatocylis antarctica and mainly occurs in the northern boundary of the PF;Group II includes Cymatocylis convallaria forma calyciformis,an unidentified species,and Amphorellopsis quinquealata and mainly inhabits the PF;Group III includes Salpingella costata,Cymatocylis vanhoeffeni,C.convallaria forma cristallina,C.convallaria forma drygalskii,C.convallaria,Codonellopsis gaussi,and Laackmanniella naviculaefera and mainly occurs in the AZ near the Antarctic continent;and Group IV,which comprises Salpingella sp.and inhabits all zones.The new species of tintinnid(belonging to Group II)primarily inhabit the AZ but also are distributed in the PF,and they have large lorica-oral-diameter(LOD).The distribution ranges of tintinnid assemblages from the AZ to PF were determined,in addition to the different assemblages mixed in the PF.The information provided in this study increases our understanding of tintinnid assemblages from the Antarctic continent in the Antarctic Circumpolar Current and Antarctic waters.
基金jointly supported by a Strategic Project of the Chinese Academy of Sciences[grant number XDA19070402]the National Natural Science Foundation of China[grant number 41790473]the Post-doctoral Innovation Foundation of Hubei Province。
基金mainly sponsored by National key Basic Research Program of China(973 Program:2012CB957703)Natural Science Foundation of China(41274035)
文摘The Antarctic ice sheet is the largest block of ice on Earth, a tiny change of its ice sheet will have a significant impact on sea level change, so it plays an important role in global climate change. The Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment （GRACE） mission, launched in 2002, provides an alternative method to monitor the Antarctic ice mass variation. The latest Release Level 05 （ RL05 ） version of GRACE time-variable gravity （TVG） data, derived from GRACE observations with improved quality and time-span over 10 years, were released by three GRACE data centers （CSR, JPL and GFZ） in April 2012, which gives us a chance to re-estimate the ice mass change over Antarctic more accurately. In this paper, we examine ice mass changes in regional scale, including Antarctic Peninsula （AP, West Antarctica）, Amundsen Sea Embayment （ASE, West Antarctica）, Lambert-Amery System （LAS, East Antarctica） and 27 drainage basins based on three data sets. The AP mass change rates are -12.03±0.74 Gt/a （CSR, 2004-2012）, -13.92±2.33 Gt/a （JPL, 2004 -2012） , -12.28±0.76 Gt/a （GFZ, 2005-2012） , with an acceleration of -1.50±0.25 Gt/a^2, -1.54±0.26 Gt/a^2, -0. 46±0.28 Gt/a^2 respectively, the ASE mass change rates are -89.22±1.93 Gt/a, -86.28± 2.20 Gt/a, -83.67±1.76 Gt/a with an acceleration of -10. 03±0. 65 Gt/a^2, -8.74±0. 74 Gt/a^2 and -5.69 ±0.68 Gt/a^2, and the LAS mass ehange rates are -4.31±1.95 Gt/a, -7.29±2. 84 Gt/a, 1.20±1.35 Gt/a with an acceleration of -0. 18±0.62 Gt/a^2, 3.55±0.95 Gt/a^2 and 0.97±0.49 Gt/a^2. The mass change rates derived from the three RL05 data are very close to each other both in AP and ASE with the uncertainties much smaller than the change rates, and mass losses are significantly accelerated since 2007 in AP and 2006 in ASE, respectively. However, the mass change rates are significantly different in LAS, negative rate from CSR and JPL data, but positive rate from GFZ data, the uncertainties are even larger than the correspondent change rates. With
