丙烯直接氨氧化制丙烯腈工艺由于反应温度高,且反应器内的气相空间存在丙烯、丙烷、丙烯腈、乙腈、氧气、氮气等可燃性气体混合物,极易发生燃爆危险。为研究和评估该工艺装置反应器尾气的燃爆特性,采用11 L爆轰管测试在400℃、40 k Pa ...丙烯直接氨氧化制丙烯腈工艺由于反应温度高,且反应器内的气相空间存在丙烯、丙烷、丙烯腈、乙腈、氧气、氮气等可燃性气体混合物,极易发生燃爆危险。为研究和评估该工艺装置反应器尾气的燃爆特性,采用11 L爆轰管测试在400℃、40 k Pa (G)工艺条件下,装置开车进料及反应过程中不同进料配比时反应器尾气组成的爆炸极限,并以此绘制爆炸极限三元相图,最终得到爆炸极限和极限氧体积分数。结果表明:反应器内可燃尾气的爆炸上限随氧气体积分数增加而升高,爆炸下限没有明显变化;在开车进料及反应过程中,反应器可燃尾气的极限氧体积分数LOC范围在8. 0%～8. 5%。因此,为避免反应器气相空间在开车过程中发生燃爆危险,需监测反应器内氧气体积分数,并设置氧体积分数报警值小于8. 0%。展开更多
Phosphogypsum(PG) is a solid waste produced in the phosphate fertilizer industry and is environmentally harmful.The decomposition of PG to recycle calcium and sulfur is a proper way to reutilize PG. Current work aims ...Phosphogypsum(PG) is a solid waste produced in the phosphate fertilizer industry and is environmentally harmful.The decomposition of PG to recycle calcium and sulfur is a proper way to reutilize PG. Current work aims at enriching the basic theory of coal decomposition process of PG. The emphasis was laid on the exploration of impact of main impurities on the process. On the other hand, according to Reaction Module, Equilib Module, and Phase Diagram Module of FactS age, the simulation computation was done on the systems of pure gypsum mixed with coal,with or without impurities for avoiding other impurities interference. Later, possible reactions in the process were deduced. Additionally, experiments were conducted in a TG-DTA integrated thermal gravimetric analyzer and a tube furnace. The products from the experiments were characterized and analyzed to verify the accuracy of theoretical calculations. The results showed that these impurities can change the decomposition process of PG. For example, aluminum oxide was transformed to calcium sulfoaluminate, while iron oxide was transformed to dicalcium ferrite. Furthermore, the results help to further improve the basic theory of phosphogypsum decomposition.展开更多
Post-sedimentary transformations have masked or completely obliterated the structures and textures of Precambrian carbonate rocks. Therefore, methods of classification of the carbonate rocks founded on the observation...Post-sedimentary transformations have masked or completely obliterated the structures and textures of Precambrian carbonate rocks. Therefore, methods of classification of the carbonate rocks founded on the observation of primary structures or textural characteristics are ill-adapted. Consequently, only certain geochemical classification methods allow us to distinguish the various rock-types in the case of Neoproterozoic carbonates. After presenting the most suitable geochemical classifications, we propose a new classification into 14 groups based on a regular ternary diagram with computerized data input. For each sample of carbonate rock, analysis of calcium and magnesium contents allows us to calculate the input data for our diagram i.e. the percentages of Calcite, Dolomite and Insoluble Residue. To automate the application of this diagram, input parameters are created in a descriptive file “Roches.ternaires.txt” using an option called “Ternaires” in the “Diagrammes” software developed by Roland Simler. Thirty cap carbonates of Africa are used to validate this new method.展开更多
文摘丙烯直接氨氧化制丙烯腈工艺由于反应温度高,且反应器内的气相空间存在丙烯、丙烷、丙烯腈、乙腈、氧气、氮气等可燃性气体混合物,极易发生燃爆危险。为研究和评估该工艺装置反应器尾气的燃爆特性,采用11 L爆轰管测试在400℃、40 k Pa (G)工艺条件下,装置开车进料及反应过程中不同进料配比时反应器尾气组成的爆炸极限,并以此绘制爆炸极限三元相图,最终得到爆炸极限和极限氧体积分数。结果表明:反应器内可燃尾气的爆炸上限随氧气体积分数增加而升高,爆炸下限没有明显变化;在开车进料及反应过程中,反应器可燃尾气的极限氧体积分数LOC范围在8. 0%～8. 5%。因此,为避免反应器气相空间在开车过程中发生燃爆危险,需监测反应器内氧气体积分数,并设置氧体积分数报警值小于8. 0%。
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(21666016)
文摘Phosphogypsum(PG) is a solid waste produced in the phosphate fertilizer industry and is environmentally harmful.The decomposition of PG to recycle calcium and sulfur is a proper way to reutilize PG. Current work aims at enriching the basic theory of coal decomposition process of PG. The emphasis was laid on the exploration of impact of main impurities on the process. On the other hand, according to Reaction Module, Equilib Module, and Phase Diagram Module of FactS age, the simulation computation was done on the systems of pure gypsum mixed with coal,with or without impurities for avoiding other impurities interference. Later, possible reactions in the process were deduced. Additionally, experiments were conducted in a TG-DTA integrated thermal gravimetric analyzer and a tube furnace. The products from the experiments were characterized and analyzed to verify the accuracy of theoretical calculations. The results showed that these impurities can change the decomposition process of PG. For example, aluminum oxide was transformed to calcium sulfoaluminate, while iron oxide was transformed to dicalcium ferrite. Furthermore, the results help to further improve the basic theory of phosphogypsum decomposition.
文摘Post-sedimentary transformations have masked or completely obliterated the structures and textures of Precambrian carbonate rocks. Therefore, methods of classification of the carbonate rocks founded on the observation of primary structures or textural characteristics are ill-adapted. Consequently, only certain geochemical classification methods allow us to distinguish the various rock-types in the case of Neoproterozoic carbonates. After presenting the most suitable geochemical classifications, we propose a new classification into 14 groups based on a regular ternary diagram with computerized data input. For each sample of carbonate rock, analysis of calcium and magnesium contents allows us to calculate the input data for our diagram i.e. the percentages of Calcite, Dolomite and Insoluble Residue. To automate the application of this diagram, input parameters are created in a descriptive file “Roches.ternaires.txt” using an option called “Ternaires” in the “Diagrammes” software developed by Roland Simler. Thirty cap carbonates of Africa are used to validate this new method.
