专利术语抽取是专利文献信息抽取领域的一项重要任务，有助于专利领域词表的构建，有利于中文分词、句法分析、语法分析等工作的进行。文章通过分析专利术语的特点并制定相应的语料标注规则进行人工标注，采用条件随机场（conditional r...专利术语抽取是专利文献信息抽取领域的一项重要任务，有助于专利领域词表的构建，有利于中文分词、句法分析、语法分析等工作的进行。文章通过分析专利术语的特点并制定相应的语料标注规则进行人工标注，采用条件随机场（conditional random fields，CRFs）对标注后的数据进行训练和测试，实现了通信领域的术语抽取。标注方法采用基于字的序列标注，精确率、召回率和F值分别达到80.9%、75.6%、78.2%，优于将词和词性等信息作为特征的方法，表明所提出的专利术语抽取方法是有效的。展开更多
Fluorescence microscopy is the method of choice for studying intracellular dynamics.However,its success depends on the.availability of specific and stable markers.A prominent example of markers that are rapidly gainin...Fluorescence microscopy is the method of choice for studying intracellular dynamics.However,its success depends on the.availability of specific and stable markers.A prominent example of markers that are rapidly gaining interest are nanobodies(Nbs.-15 kDa),which can be functionalized with bright and photostable organic fluorophores.Due to their relatively small size and high specificity,Nbs offer great potential for high-quality long-term subcellular imaging,but suffer from the fact that they cannot spontaneously cross the plasma membrane of live cells.We have recently discovered that laser-induced photoporation is well suited to deliver extrinsic labels to living cells without compromising their viability.Being a laser-based technology,it is readily compatible with light microscopy and the typical cell recipients used for that.Spurred by these promising initial results,we demonstrate here for the first time successful long-term imaging of specific subcellular structures with labeled nanobodies in living cells.We illustrate this using Nbs that target GFP/YFP-protein constructs accessible in the cytoplasm,actin-bundling protein Fascin,and the histone H2A/H2B heterodimers.With an efficiency of more than 80%labeled cells and minimal toxicity(-2%),photoporation proved to be an excellent intracellular delivery method for Nbs.Time-lapse microscopy revealed that cell division rate and migration remained unaffected,confirming excellent cell viability and functionality.We conclude that laser-induced photoporation labeled Nbs can be easily delivered into living cells,laying the foundation for further development of a broad range of Nbs with intracellular targets as a toolbox for long-term live-cell microscopy.展开更多
文摘专利术语抽取是专利文献信息抽取领域的一项重要任务，有助于专利领域词表的构建，有利于中文分词、句法分析、语法分析等工作的进行。文章通过分析专利术语的特点并制定相应的语料标注规则进行人工标注，采用条件随机场（conditional random fields，CRFs）对标注后的数据进行训练和测试，实现了通信领域的术语抽取。标注方法采用基于字的序列标注，精确率、召回率和F值分别达到80.9%、75.6%、78.2%，优于将词和词性等信息作为特征的方法，表明所提出的专利术语抽取方法是有效的。
基金K.B.acknowledges financial support from the European Research Council(ERC)under the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation program(No.648124)from the Ghent University Special Research Fund(No.01B04912)+3 种基金with gratitude.J.L.gratefully acknowledges the financial support from the China Scholarship Council(CSC)(No.201506750012)the Ghent University Special Research Fund(No.01SC1416)T.H.and J.G.acknowledges financial support from the Fonds Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek(No.G.0559.16N)Ghent University(BOF-GOA)(No.BOF13/GOA010)。
文摘Fluorescence microscopy is the method of choice for studying intracellular dynamics.However,its success depends on the.availability of specific and stable markers.A prominent example of markers that are rapidly gaining interest are nanobodies(Nbs.-15 kDa),which can be functionalized with bright and photostable organic fluorophores.Due to their relatively small size and high specificity,Nbs offer great potential for high-quality long-term subcellular imaging,but suffer from the fact that they cannot spontaneously cross the plasma membrane of live cells.We have recently discovered that laser-induced photoporation is well suited to deliver extrinsic labels to living cells without compromising their viability.Being a laser-based technology,it is readily compatible with light microscopy and the typical cell recipients used for that.Spurred by these promising initial results,we demonstrate here for the first time successful long-term imaging of specific subcellular structures with labeled nanobodies in living cells.We illustrate this using Nbs that target GFP/YFP-protein constructs accessible in the cytoplasm,actin-bundling protein Fascin,and the histone H2A/H2B heterodimers.With an efficiency of more than 80%labeled cells and minimal toxicity(-2%),photoporation proved to be an excellent intracellular delivery method for Nbs.Time-lapse microscopy revealed that cell division rate and migration remained unaffected,confirming excellent cell viability and functionality.We conclude that laser-induced photoporation labeled Nbs can be easily delivered into living cells,laying the foundation for further development of a broad range of Nbs with intracellular targets as a toolbox for long-term live-cell microscopy.
