A series of ethyl 6-alkoxy-7-phenyl-4-hydroxy-3-quinolinecarboxylates were designed and synthesized.Their structures were confirmed by ~1H NMR,^(13)C NMR,IR and HRMS.The biological activities were primarily evaluated ...A series of ethyl 6-alkoxy-7-phenyl-4-hydroxy-3-quinolinecarboxylates were designed and synthesized.Their structures were confirmed by ~1H NMR,^(13)C NMR,IR and HRMS.The biological activities were primarily evaluated against Eimeria tenella according to Anticoccidial Index(ACI) method in vivo.The results showed that compounds 5e,5f and 5i exhibited anticoccidial activities against E.tenella at 27 mg kg^(-1).展开更多
Evidence showed that N6-methyladenosine(m^(6)A)modification plays a pivotal role in influencing RNA fate and is strongly associated with cell growth and developmental processes in many species.However,no information r...Evidence showed that N6-methyladenosine(m^(6)A)modification plays a pivotal role in influencing RNA fate and is strongly associated with cell growth and developmental processes in many species.However,no information regarding m^(6)A modification in Eimeria tenella is currently available.In the present study,we surveyed the transcriptome-wide prevalence of m^(6)A in sporulated oocysts and unsporulated oocysts of E.tenella.Methylated RNA immunoprecipitation sequencing(MeRIP-seq)analysis showed that m^(6)A modification was most abundant in the coding sequences,followed by stop codon.There were 3,903 hypermethylated and 3,178 hypomethylated mRNAs in sporulated oocysts compared with unsporulated oocysts.Further joint analysis suggested that m^(6)A modification of the majority of genes was positively correlated with mRNA expression.The mRNA relative expression and m^(6)A level of the selected genes were confirmed by quantitative reverse transcription PCR(RT-qPCR)and MeRIP-qPCR.GO and KEGG analysis indicated that differentially m^(6)A methylated genes(DMMGs)with significant differences in mRNA expression were closely related to processes such as regulation of gene expression,epigenetic,microtubule,autophagy-other and TOR signaling.Moreover,a total of 96 DMMGs without significant differences in mRNA expression showed significant differences at protein level.GO and pathway enrichment analysis of the 96 genes showed that RNA methylation may be involved in cell biosynthesis and metabolism of E.tenella.We firstly present a map of RNA m^(6)A modification in E.tenella,which provides significant insights into developmental biology of E.tenella.展开更多
A new cembranoide deterpene was isolated from the soft coral Sinularia Tenella . The crystal and chemical structure of the title compound were determined by means of spectroscopic methods and X ray diffraction ana...A new cembranoide deterpene was isolated from the soft coral Sinularia Tenella . The crystal and chemical structure of the title compound were determined by means of spectroscopic methods and X ray diffraction analysis as ( 1R *,4R *,5S *,12S *,12R * ) 9 acetoxy cembr 8\%E\%,15(17) dien 16,4 olide. It shows a moderate cytotoxicity against P 388 and L 1210 cell lines.展开更多
Toll-like receptors （TLRs） are a group of highly conserved molecules which initiate the innate immune response to pathogens by recognizing structural motifs of microbes. Understanding the changes in chicken Toll-lik...Toll-like receptors （TLRs） are a group of highly conserved molecules which initiate the innate immune response to pathogens by recognizing structural motifs of microbes. Understanding the changes in chicken Toll-like receptors （ChTLRs） and signal adaptors expression that occur with Eimeria tenella infection will help to elucidate the molecular basis of immune control of coccidiosis caused by Eimeria. The present study detected the dynamic changes in the expression of ChTLRs and associated signal adaptors in the spleen and cecum ofE. tenella-infected chickens during the early stage of infection. The results showed that the expression peak for ChTLRs, MyD88 and TRIF occurred at 12 h post-infection （hpi）, ChTLR3, ChTLRI 5 and MyD88 mRNA expression in the spleen ofE. tenella infected chickens were significantly higher （P〈0.05） than that of negative control chickens, and there were similar tendencies of these molecules expression in the cecum and spleen of E. tenella-infected chickens. The expression of MyD88 was upregnlated at four time points in the cecum of E. tenella-infected chickens. The results of this study indicate that ChTLR3, ChTLR15 and MyD88 play a role in young chickens infected with E. tenella.展开更多
[Objective] To provide antigen for preparation of monoclonal antibodies against E. tenella. [Method] Broiler chickens were inoculated with axenic culture of sporulated oocysts of E. tenella, and their feces were colle...[Objective] To provide antigen for preparation of monoclonal antibodies against E. tenella. [Method] Broiler chickens were inoculated with axenic culture of sporulated oocysts of E. tenella, and their feces were collected after 5 -10 d. After simple separation, the oocysts were spor- ulated, purified and counted to prepare sporozoite antigen. [ Result] This method used to prepare sporozoite antigen was simpler and easier than other methods. In addition, it required few specialized equipment and media, and it could be conducted in general laboratories. However, it needed long time. [ Condusion] The E. tenella oocysts have been isolated from chickens, and the sporozoite antigen with high protein concentration has been obtained.展开更多
In order to determine the effect of foreign genes on a transgenic parasite,the pathogenicity and development in chickens of transgenic E.tenella strain TE1,which expresses yellow fluorescent protein (YFP) and dihydrof...In order to determine the effect of foreign genes on a transgenic parasite,the pathogenicity and development in chickens of transgenic E.tenella strain TE1,which expresses yellow fluorescent protein (YFP) and dihydrofolate reductase thymidylate synthase derived from Toxoplasma gondii(TgDHFR-TS), were compared with that of the parental strain BJ.Results indicated that the fecundity of the transgenic parasite(TE1) was reduced at least 4 times relative to that of the BJ strain.Low dosage of the TE1 strain induced less pathogenesis in chickens than did the BJ strain,but chickens inoculated with a higher dosage of TE1 oocysts displayed severe pathogenicity and mortality as did the BJ strain.In addition,trophozoites, the first generation and the second generation meronts and merozoites,microgamonts and macrogamonts of the transgenic parasite TE1 were seen by fluorescence microscopy.More interestingly,not all four sporonts in the sporulating transgenic oocysts express YFP.These findings suggest that the expression of YFP and TgDHFR-TS genes to some extent reduced pathogenicity and reproductive potential of transgenic E.tenella.Recombination between homologous or non-homologous chromosomes occurred during zygotic meiosis in E.tenella strain TE1.展开更多
To study the inhibiting effects of S-Nitroso-Glutathione （GSNO） on sporulation process of Eimeria tenella （E. tenella） oocysts by detecting the sporulation rate, GSNO as nitric oxide donor was used to treat E. ten...To study the inhibiting effects of S-Nitroso-Glutathione （GSNO） on sporulation process of Eimeria tenella （E. tenella） oocysts by detecting the sporulation rate, GSNO as nitric oxide donor was used to treat E. tenella oocysts sporulated for different times; Several kinds of antioxidants and oxidants were used to investigate the inhibitory effects of GSNO on sporogony process of E. tenella oocysts. The results showed that GSNO still inhibited the oocysts sporulated 10 h, but had few inhibiting effect on the oocysts sporulated for 14 h; the antioxidants, such as Vitamin C （VC）, mannitol and sodium salicylate, could not eliminate the inhibitory effects of GSNO on oocysts; neither did the ferrous sulfate （FeSO4） nor Dithiothreitol （DTT）. However, the oxidants, potassium dichromate （K2Cr2OT） and potassium permanganate （KMnO4） could obviously repress the effects of GSNO on oocysts. At present, the inhibitory mechanism of GSNO on unsporulated oocysts was still unclear.展开更多
[Objective] In order to get a purified strain to carry out the relative molecular biology research about E.tenella. [Method] The single-oocyst isolation method was improved and the isolated single-oocyst which was put...[Objective] In order to get a purified strain to carry out the relative molecular biology research about E.tenella. [Method] The single-oocyst isolation method was improved and the isolated single-oocyst which was put into capsule was fed to chickens. At the same time, the collected oocysts were identified by PCR method. [Result] The oocysts were isolated from feces of 15 chickens among that of 20 chickens and the infection rate was 75%. The PCR results demonstrated that the single-oocyst strain was E.tenella. [Conclusion] The inoculation of single oocyst capsule was simple, besides, this method did not only save time but also declined inoculation difficulty, increased infection rate and provided good materials for biological research of coccidian.展开更多
The effects of exogenous NO on Eimeria tenella oocysts were studied. The E. tenella oocysts freshly isolated from feces of experimental chickens infected with E. tenella and sporulated E. tenella oocysts were treated ...The effects of exogenous NO on Eimeria tenella oocysts were studied. The E. tenella oocysts freshly isolated from feces of experimental chickens infected with E. tenella and sporulated E. tenella oocysts were treated in vitro by the well-known NO-donors, SNP, SPER/NO and GSNO. The results showed that among the 3 NO donors, only GSNO had significant effects on the percentage of sporulated oocysts, the inhibiting rate of purified oocysts was from 93 to 97%, and reached 100% on the oocysts in the feces of chickens with E. tenella infection. GSNO also significantly decreased the virulence of E. tenella oocysts, and the oocysts treated by 2 - 8 mmol L-1 GSNO almost lost their pathogenicity to chickens.展开更多
The parasitoid Asecodes mento （Walker, 1839） （Hymenoptera： Eulophidae） is the most important biocontrol agent of the strawberry leaf beetle Galerucella tenella （L.） （Coleoptera： Chrysomelidae） in northern Eu...The parasitoid Asecodes mento （Walker, 1839） （Hymenoptera： Eulophidae） is the most important biocontrol agent of the strawberry leaf beetle Galerucella tenella （L.） （Coleoptera： Chrysomelidae） in northern Europe. Here, I investigated whether natural parasitism in organic strawberry plantations was affected by the presence of the alternative host plant meadowsweet （Filipendula ulmaria）, and whether parasitism rates differed between plantations of different ages （6 to 79 years）. I also investigated whether parasitoid brood size, body size and sex ratio differed between the two host plants in the field. Parasitism was very low （0%） in newly established plantations and increased to a plateau （~40%） in fields where strawberries had been grown for approximately 20 years or longer. Such an extended colonization process is unacceptable for commercial growers. It would thus be desirable to find a method to catalyze parasitoid population buildup in young plantations. Parasitoid brood sizes were larger in beetles collected from meadowsweet, while body size and sex ratio did not differ between parasitoids collected from the two plants. These findings suggest that meadowsweet can export parasitoids to neighboring strawberry fields. Although this is a possibility, I did not find any significant differences in parasitism rates between isolated strawberry fields and fields adjacent to meadowsweet stands, indicating that effects of local vegetation are small on parasitism rates. Releasing parasitoids in newly established strawberry plantations may be a better strategy for quickly obtaining high parasitism than intercropping with meadowsweet.展开更多
基金support from the National Science Foundation of China(No.20372052)
文摘A series of ethyl 6-alkoxy-7-phenyl-4-hydroxy-3-quinolinecarboxylates were designed and synthesized.Their structures were confirmed by ~1H NMR,^(13)C NMR,IR and HRMS.The biological activities were primarily evaluated against Eimeria tenella according to Anticoccidial Index(ACI) method in vivo.The results showed that compounds 5e,5f and 5i exhibited anticoccidial activities against E.tenella at 27 mg kg^(-1).
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31902298)the Shanxi Provincial Key Research and Development Program,China(2022ZDYF126)+2 种基金the Fund for Shanxi“1331 Project”,China(20211331-13)the Science and Technology Innovation Program of Shanxi Agricultural University,China(2017YJ10)the Special Research Fund of Shanxi Agricultural University for High-level Talents,China(2021XG001)。
文摘Evidence showed that N6-methyladenosine(m^(6)A)modification plays a pivotal role in influencing RNA fate and is strongly associated with cell growth and developmental processes in many species.However,no information regarding m^(6)A modification in Eimeria tenella is currently available.In the present study,we surveyed the transcriptome-wide prevalence of m^(6)A in sporulated oocysts and unsporulated oocysts of E.tenella.Methylated RNA immunoprecipitation sequencing(MeRIP-seq)analysis showed that m^(6)A modification was most abundant in the coding sequences,followed by stop codon.There were 3,903 hypermethylated and 3,178 hypomethylated mRNAs in sporulated oocysts compared with unsporulated oocysts.Further joint analysis suggested that m^(6)A modification of the majority of genes was positively correlated with mRNA expression.The mRNA relative expression and m^(6)A level of the selected genes were confirmed by quantitative reverse transcription PCR(RT-qPCR)and MeRIP-qPCR.GO and KEGG analysis indicated that differentially m^(6)A methylated genes(DMMGs)with significant differences in mRNA expression were closely related to processes such as regulation of gene expression,epigenetic,microtubule,autophagy-other and TOR signaling.Moreover,a total of 96 DMMGs without significant differences in mRNA expression showed significant differences at protein level.GO and pathway enrichment analysis of the 96 genes showed that RNA methylation may be involved in cell biosynthesis and metabolism of E.tenella.We firstly present a map of RNA m^(6)A modification in E.tenella,which provides significant insights into developmental biology of E.tenella.
文摘A new cembranoide deterpene was isolated from the soft coral Sinularia Tenella . The crystal and chemical structure of the title compound were determined by means of spectroscopic methods and X ray diffraction analysis as ( 1R *,4R *,5S *,12S *,12R * ) 9 acetoxy cembr 8\%E\%,15(17) dien 16,4 olide. It shows a moderate cytotoxicity against P 388 and L 1210 cell lines.
基金the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities,China(XDJK2010C099)the Science Fundation for Young Scientists of Southwest University,China(QNRC200804)the Scientific Research Fund of Veterinary Medicine Department of Southwest University,China
文摘Toll-like receptors （TLRs） are a group of highly conserved molecules which initiate the innate immune response to pathogens by recognizing structural motifs of microbes. Understanding the changes in chicken Toll-like receptors （ChTLRs） and signal adaptors expression that occur with Eimeria tenella infection will help to elucidate the molecular basis of immune control of coccidiosis caused by Eimeria. The present study detected the dynamic changes in the expression of ChTLRs and associated signal adaptors in the spleen and cecum ofE. tenella-infected chickens during the early stage of infection. The results showed that the expression peak for ChTLRs, MyD88 and TRIF occurred at 12 h post-infection （hpi）, ChTLR3, ChTLRI 5 and MyD88 mRNA expression in the spleen ofE. tenella infected chickens were significantly higher （P〈0.05） than that of negative control chickens, and there were similar tendencies of these molecules expression in the cecum and spleen of E. tenella-infected chickens. The expression of MyD88 was upregnlated at four time points in the cecum of E. tenella-infected chickens. The results of this study indicate that ChTLR3, ChTLR15 and MyD88 play a role in young chickens infected with E. tenella.
基金funded by the China Natural Science Foundation (30972176)
文摘[Objective] To provide antigen for preparation of monoclonal antibodies against E. tenella. [Method] Broiler chickens were inoculated with axenic culture of sporulated oocysts of E. tenella, and their feces were collected after 5 -10 d. After simple separation, the oocysts were spor- ulated, purified and counted to prepare sporozoite antigen. [ Result] This method used to prepare sporozoite antigen was simpler and easier than other methods. In addition, it required few specialized equipment and media, and it could be conducted in general laboratories. However, it needed long time. [ Condusion] The E. tenella oocysts have been isolated from chickens, and the sporozoite antigen with high protein concentration has been obtained.
基金supported by the National High Technology Research and Development Program of China(Project No. 2006AA02Z458)the Doctor Startup Foundation of Henan University of Science and Technology(09001350)
文摘In order to determine the effect of foreign genes on a transgenic parasite,the pathogenicity and development in chickens of transgenic E.tenella strain TE1,which expresses yellow fluorescent protein (YFP) and dihydrofolate reductase thymidylate synthase derived from Toxoplasma gondii(TgDHFR-TS), were compared with that of the parental strain BJ.Results indicated that the fecundity of the transgenic parasite(TE1) was reduced at least 4 times relative to that of the BJ strain.Low dosage of the TE1 strain induced less pathogenesis in chickens than did the BJ strain,but chickens inoculated with a higher dosage of TE1 oocysts displayed severe pathogenicity and mortality as did the BJ strain.In addition,trophozoites, the first generation and the second generation meronts and merozoites,microgamonts and macrogamonts of the transgenic parasite TE1 were seen by fluorescence microscopy.More interestingly,not all four sporonts in the sporulating transgenic oocysts express YFP.These findings suggest that the expression of YFP and TgDHFR-TS genes to some extent reduced pathogenicity and reproductive potential of transgenic E.tenella.Recombination between homologous or non-homologous chromosomes occurred during zygotic meiosis in E.tenella strain TE1.
文摘To study the inhibiting effects of S-Nitroso-Glutathione （GSNO） on sporulation process of Eimeria tenella （E. tenella） oocysts by detecting the sporulation rate, GSNO as nitric oxide donor was used to treat E. tenella oocysts sporulated for different times; Several kinds of antioxidants and oxidants were used to investigate the inhibitory effects of GSNO on sporogony process of E. tenella oocysts. The results showed that GSNO still inhibited the oocysts sporulated 10 h, but had few inhibiting effect on the oocysts sporulated for 14 h; the antioxidants, such as Vitamin C （VC）, mannitol and sodium salicylate, could not eliminate the inhibitory effects of GSNO on oocysts; neither did the ferrous sulfate （FeSO4） nor Dithiothreitol （DTT）. However, the oxidants, potassium dichromate （K2Cr2OT） and potassium permanganate （KMnO4） could obviously repress the effects of GSNO on oocysts. At present, the inhibitory mechanism of GSNO on unsporulated oocysts was still unclear.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(30671580, 30170696)~~
文摘[Objective] In order to get a purified strain to carry out the relative molecular biology research about E.tenella. [Method] The single-oocyst isolation method was improved and the isolated single-oocyst which was put into capsule was fed to chickens. At the same time, the collected oocysts were identified by PCR method. [Result] The oocysts were isolated from feces of 15 chickens among that of 20 chickens and the infection rate was 75%. The PCR results demonstrated that the single-oocyst strain was E.tenella. [Conclusion] The inoculation of single oocyst capsule was simple, besides, this method did not only save time but also declined inoculation difficulty, increased infection rate and provided good materials for biological research of coccidian.
基金The study was supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(39970564).
文摘The effects of exogenous NO on Eimeria tenella oocysts were studied. The E. tenella oocysts freshly isolated from feces of experimental chickens infected with E. tenella and sporulated E. tenella oocysts were treated in vitro by the well-known NO-donors, SNP, SPER/NO and GSNO. The results showed that among the 3 NO donors, only GSNO had significant effects on the percentage of sporulated oocysts, the inhibiting rate of purified oocysts was from 93 to 97%, and reached 100% on the oocysts in the feces of chickens with E. tenella infection. GSNO also significantly decreased the virulence of E. tenella oocysts, and the oocysts treated by 2 - 8 mmol L-1 GSNO almost lost their pathogenicity to chickens.
文摘The parasitoid Asecodes mento （Walker, 1839） （Hymenoptera： Eulophidae） is the most important biocontrol agent of the strawberry leaf beetle Galerucella tenella （L.） （Coleoptera： Chrysomelidae） in northern Europe. Here, I investigated whether natural parasitism in organic strawberry plantations was affected by the presence of the alternative host plant meadowsweet （Filipendula ulmaria）, and whether parasitism rates differed between plantations of different ages （6 to 79 years）. I also investigated whether parasitoid brood size, body size and sex ratio differed between the two host plants in the field. Parasitism was very low （0%） in newly established plantations and increased to a plateau （~40%） in fields where strawberries had been grown for approximately 20 years or longer. Such an extended colonization process is unacceptable for commercial growers. It would thus be desirable to find a method to catalyze parasitoid population buildup in young plantations. Parasitoid brood sizes were larger in beetles collected from meadowsweet, while body size and sex ratio did not differ between parasitoids collected from the two plants. These findings suggest that meadowsweet can export parasitoids to neighboring strawberry fields. Although this is a possibility, I did not find any significant differences in parasitism rates between isolated strawberry fields and fields adjacent to meadowsweet stands, indicating that effects of local vegetation are small on parasitism rates. Releasing parasitoids in newly established strawberry plantations may be a better strategy for quickly obtaining high parasitism than intercropping with meadowsweet.
