大环糊精(large ring cyclodextrin,LR-CD)是由9个至数百个吡喃葡萄糖单元组成的环状α-1,4-葡聚糖,主要通过环糊精葡萄糖基转移酶或4-α-糖基转移酶的环化作用使直链淀粉发生分子内转糖基作用得到。与常见α-、β-、γ-环糊精(cyclodex...大环糊精(large ring cyclodextrin,LR-CD)是由9个至数百个吡喃葡萄糖单元组成的环状α-1,4-葡聚糖,主要通过环糊精葡萄糖基转移酶或4-α-糖基转移酶的环化作用使直链淀粉发生分子内转糖基作用得到。与常见α-、β-、γ-环糊精(cyclodextrin,CD)相比,LR-CD的空腔尺寸更大,表现出独有的结构和理化特性,这些性质使LR-CD在食品、医药、生物等领域展现出巨大的应用潜力。然而,LR-CD的制备成本高,产率较低,并且缺乏有效的分离纯化方法,因此目前还未实现工业化生产与应用。本文分别从优化底物、设计基于模板诱导的新反应路径、酶分子改造及产物的分离纯化等方面综述酶法制备LR-CD的研究近况与挑战,为LR-CD的工业化生产和应用提供参考。展开更多
This paper presents a novel synthesis of well characterized nanoporous materials. The development of mesoporous TiO2 with the use of crosslinked polymer network as structure and surface texture directing agent is repo...This paper presents a novel synthesis of well characterized nanoporous materials. The development of mesoporous TiO2 with the use of crosslinked polymer network as structure and surface texture directing agent is reported in this study. Randomly cross-linked DMAEMA-50-PEGMA-50-EGDMA1 was synthesized by radical polymerisation to be used as removable scaffold. The resulting materials were characterized by powder X-ray diffraction (pXRD), nitrogen adsorption, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The synthesized oxides morphology was strongly influenced by the polymer network used as removable scaffold. The modified materials exhibited a narrower pore size distribution and marginally higher specific surface area compared to the unmodified samples. The scaffold cross-linking ratio was also found to have a significant effect on the synthesized materials polymorph. The modification has a strong effect on the titania polymorph as the anatase-rutile transformation was observed only for the modified titania samples.展开更多
对脱除模板剂前后的β分子筛进行磷改性,采用XRD、BET、NH_3-TPD、FT-IR、^(27)Al MAS NMR等手段对2种β分子筛样品进行物相、孔结构和酸性、骨架铝配位变化表征,考察脱除模板剂前后磷改性对β分子筛稳定性的影响。结果表明:与先磷改性...对脱除模板剂前后的β分子筛进行磷改性,采用XRD、BET、NH_3-TPD、FT-IR、^(27)Al MAS NMR等手段对2种β分子筛样品进行物相、孔结构和酸性、骨架铝配位变化表征,考察脱除模板剂前后磷改性对β分子筛稳定性的影响。结果表明:与先磷改性后脱除模板剂相比,先脱除模板剂后磷改性,晶体内空间位阻减小,可增加磷与骨架四配位铝之间的可接近性,使得磷能更有效地与分子筛中骨架四配位铝键合作用,有效抑制了分子筛骨架脱铝,β分子筛水热结构稳定性有较大幅度提升。展开更多
采用水热合成法制备了无模板剂ZSM-5分子筛并用正硅酸甲酯(TMOS)对其进行外表面修饰改性,利用XRD、SEM、^(29)Si MAS NMR、^(27)Al MAS NMR、NH_3-TPD、BET和UV-vis DRS对合成分子筛的物相、形貌和酸性等进行了表征,并将其应用于催化丁...采用水热合成法制备了无模板剂ZSM-5分子筛并用正硅酸甲酯(TMOS)对其进行外表面修饰改性,利用XRD、SEM、^(29)Si MAS NMR、^(27)Al MAS NMR、NH_3-TPD、BET和UV-vis DRS对合成分子筛的物相、形貌和酸性等进行了表征,并将其应用于催化丁烯裂解反应。研究表明,经水热合成的无模板剂ZSM-5结晶度较好,与添加模板剂合成的ZSM-5拥有相似的孔道结构和晶体结构以及相近的酸量,但在酸中心分布上有明显差异:孔道内酸中心数量增加且分布更加均匀,孔道交叉处酸中心数量减少;经过外表面修饰改性后,ZSM-5分子筛外表面部分不具备择形性的酸中心被钝化,使其择形选择能力增强。在催化丁烯裂解反应中,用TMOS进行外表面修饰改性的无模板剂ZSM-5分子筛作为催化剂能够有效抑制副反应的发生,丙烯和乙烯的总收率高达58%。展开更多
文摘大环糊精(large ring cyclodextrin,LR-CD)是由9个至数百个吡喃葡萄糖单元组成的环状α-1,4-葡聚糖,主要通过环糊精葡萄糖基转移酶或4-α-糖基转移酶的环化作用使直链淀粉发生分子内转糖基作用得到。与常见α-、β-、γ-环糊精(cyclodextrin,CD)相比,LR-CD的空腔尺寸更大,表现出独有的结构和理化特性,这些性质使LR-CD在食品、医药、生物等领域展现出巨大的应用潜力。然而,LR-CD的制备成本高,产率较低,并且缺乏有效的分离纯化方法,因此目前还未实现工业化生产与应用。本文分别从优化底物、设计基于模板诱导的新反应路径、酶分子改造及产物的分离纯化等方面综述酶法制备LR-CD的研究近况与挑战,为LR-CD的工业化生产和应用提供参考。
文摘This paper presents a novel synthesis of well characterized nanoporous materials. The development of mesoporous TiO2 with the use of crosslinked polymer network as structure and surface texture directing agent is reported in this study. Randomly cross-linked DMAEMA-50-PEGMA-50-EGDMA1 was synthesized by radical polymerisation to be used as removable scaffold. The resulting materials were characterized by powder X-ray diffraction (pXRD), nitrogen adsorption, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The synthesized oxides morphology was strongly influenced by the polymer network used as removable scaffold. The modified materials exhibited a narrower pore size distribution and marginally higher specific surface area compared to the unmodified samples. The scaffold cross-linking ratio was also found to have a significant effect on the synthesized materials polymorph. The modification has a strong effect on the titania polymorph as the anatase-rutile transformation was observed only for the modified titania samples.
文摘对脱除模板剂前后的β分子筛进行磷改性,采用XRD、BET、NH_3-TPD、FT-IR、^(27)Al MAS NMR等手段对2种β分子筛样品进行物相、孔结构和酸性、骨架铝配位变化表征,考察脱除模板剂前后磷改性对β分子筛稳定性的影响。结果表明:与先磷改性后脱除模板剂相比,先脱除模板剂后磷改性,晶体内空间位阻减小,可增加磷与骨架四配位铝之间的可接近性,使得磷能更有效地与分子筛中骨架四配位铝键合作用,有效抑制了分子筛骨架脱铝,β分子筛水热结构稳定性有较大幅度提升。
文摘采用水热合成法制备了无模板剂ZSM-5分子筛并用正硅酸甲酯(TMOS)对其进行外表面修饰改性,利用XRD、SEM、^(29)Si MAS NMR、^(27)Al MAS NMR、NH_3-TPD、BET和UV-vis DRS对合成分子筛的物相、形貌和酸性等进行了表征,并将其应用于催化丁烯裂解反应。研究表明,经水热合成的无模板剂ZSM-5结晶度较好,与添加模板剂合成的ZSM-5拥有相似的孔道结构和晶体结构以及相近的酸量,但在酸中心分布上有明显差异:孔道内酸中心数量增加且分布更加均匀,孔道交叉处酸中心数量减少;经过外表面修饰改性后,ZSM-5分子筛外表面部分不具备择形性的酸中心被钝化,使其择形选择能力增强。在催化丁烯裂解反应中,用TMOS进行外表面修饰改性的无模板剂ZSM-5分子筛作为催化剂能够有效抑制副反应的发生,丙烯和乙烯的总收率高达58%。
