Our next generation of industry-lndustry 4.0-holds the promise of increased flexibility in manufacturing, along with mass customization, better quality, and improved productivity. It thus enables companies to cope wit...Our next generation of industry-lndustry 4.0-holds the promise of increased flexibility in manufacturing, along with mass customization, better quality, and improved productivity. It thus enables companies to cope with the challenges of producing increasingly individualized products with a short lead-time to market and higher quality. Intelligent manufacturing plays an important role in Industry 4.0. Typical resources are converted into intelligent objects so that they are able to sense, act, and behave within a smart environment. In order to fully understand intelligent manufacturing in the context of Industry 4.0, this paper provides a comprehensive review of associated topics such as intelligent manufacturing, Internet of Things （IoT）- enabled manufacturing, and cloud manufacturing. Similarities and differences in these topics are highlighted based on our analysis. We also review key technologies such as the loT, cyber-physical systems （CPSs）, cloud computing, big data analytics （BDA）, and information and communications technology （ICT） that are used to enable intelligent manufacturing. Next, we describe worldwide movements in intelligent manufacturing, including governmental strategic plans from different countries and strategic plans from major international companies in the European Union, United States, Japan, and China. Finally, we present current challenges and future research directions. The concepts discussed in this paper will spark new ideas in the effort to realize the much-anticipated Fourth Industrial Revolution.展开更多
An isospectral problem with four potentials is discussed. The corresponding hierarchy of nonlinearevolution equations is derived. It is shown that the AKNS, Levi, D-AKNS hierarchies and a new oneare reductions of the... An isospectral problem with four potentials is discussed. The corresponding hierarchy of nonlinearevolution equations is derived. It is shown that the AKNS, Levi, D-AKNS hierarchies and a new oneare reductions of the above hierarchy. In each case the relevant Hamiltonian form is established bymaking use of the trase identity.展开更多
Exosomes are small intracellular membrane-based vesicles with different compositions that are involved in several biological and pathological processes. The exploitation of exosomes as drug delivery vehicles offers im...Exosomes are small intracellular membrane-based vesicles with different compositions that are involved in several biological and pathological processes. The exploitation of exosomes as drug delivery vehicles offers important advantages compared to other nanoparticulate drug delivery systems such as liposomes and polymeric nanoparticles; exosomes are non-immunogenic in nature due to similar composition as body's own cells. In this article, the origin and structure of exosomes as well as their biological functions are outlined. We will then focus on specific applications of exosomes as drug delivery systems in pharmaceutical drug development. An overview of the advantages and challenges faced when using exosomes as a pharmaceutical drug delivery vehicles will also be discussed.展开更多
为加强农产品质量安全管理,保证消费者身体健康,从农产品供应链的角度出发,提出基于农产品供应链的质量安全可追溯系统的设计方案。在危害分析和关键控制点(hazard analysis and critical control point,HACCP)管理体系的指导下,利用二...为加强农产品质量安全管理,保证消费者身体健康,从农产品供应链的角度出发,提出基于农产品供应链的质量安全可追溯系统的设计方案。在危害分析和关键控制点(hazard analysis and critical control point,HACCP)管理体系的指导下,利用二维码技术、数据库技术、网络信息技术进行系统的构建和开发,实现了农产品在整个供应链上从种植、采收、加工到销售的全程跟踪和溯源,有效地加强了对农产品质量安全的监管,保证消费者最终知情权。目前,该系统在江苏江阴地区实际测试效果良好,验证了方案的可行性和有效性。展开更多
Traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） has developed over thousands of years and has accumulated abundant clinical experience, forming a comprehensive and unique medical system. Emerging evidence has begun to illustrate...Traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） has developed over thousands of years and has accumulated abundant clinical experience, forming a comprehensive and unique medical system. Emerging evidence has begun to illustrate TCM as an area of important medical rediscoveries. This review article briefly introduced the concept, significance, and technology of network pharmacology based on network biology and systems biology. It focused on the theoretical system and potential prospect of TCM network applied in TCM research and development including predicting new drug targets, action mechanism, new drug discovery; evaluating pharmacodynamics, pharmacokinetics, safety, toxicology, quality control, and bioinformatics of drugs. We also discussed the opportunities and challenges in the development and application of network pharmacology in the modernization of TCM research.展开更多
Networked control systems are spatially distributed systems in which the communication between sensors, actuators,and controllers occurs through a shared band-limited digital communication network. Several advantages ...Networked control systems are spatially distributed systems in which the communication between sensors, actuators,and controllers occurs through a shared band-limited digital communication network. Several advantages of the network architectures include reduced system wiring, plug and play devices,increased system agility, and ease of system diagnosis and maintenance. Consequently, networked control is the current trend for industrial automation and has ever-increasing applications in a wide range of areas, such as smart grids, manufacturing systems,process control, automobiles, automated highway systems, and unmanned aerial vehicles. The modelling, analysis, and control of networked control systems have received considerable attention in the last two decades. The ‘control over networks’ is one of the key research directions for networked control systems. This paper aims at presenting a survey of trends and techniques in networked control systems from the perspective of ‘control over networks’, providing a snapshot of five control issues: sampled-data control, quantization control, networked control, event-triggered control, and security control. Some challenging issues are suggested to direct the future research.展开更多
The effect of different vegetation systems including bamboo plantation (BP), forest ecosystem (CF),citrus orchard (Ctr) and farmland (FL) on erosion and nutrients of red soil were investigated in hilly region of south...The effect of different vegetation systems including bamboo plantation (BP), forest ecosystem (CF),citrus orchard (Ctr) and farmland (FL) on erosion and nutrients of red soil were investigated in hilly region of southeastern China to find effective control measures for soil erosion. The results showed that all the vegetation systems could significantly reduce soil erosion and nutrient losses compared to bare land (Br).The ability of different vegetation systems to conserve soil and water was in the order of Ctr ＞ BP ＞ CF ＞ FL ＞ Br. Vegetation could also improve soil fertility. The soil organic matter, total N and total P contents were much higher in all the vegetation systems than in bare land, especially for the top soils. Vegetation systems improved soil physical properties remarkably. Compared to the bare land, soil organic matter, TP,TK and available K, especially soil microbial biomass C, N and P, increased under all the vegetation covers.However, they were still much lower than expected, thus these biological measurements are still needed to be carried out continuously.展开更多
In this article, a nonlinear model of an underactuated six degrees of freedom （6 DOF） quadrotor helicopter is derived on the basis of the Newton-Euler formalism. The derivation comprises determining equations of the...In this article, a nonlinear model of an underactuated six degrees of freedom （6 DOF） quadrotor helicopter is derived on the basis of the Newton-Euler formalism. The derivation comprises determining equations of the motion of the quadrotor in three dimensions and approximating the actuation forces through the modeling of aerodynamic coefficients and electric motor dynamics. The derived model composed of translational and rotational subsystems is dynamically unstable, so a sequential nonlinear control strategy is used. The control strategy includes feedback linearization coupled with a PD controller for the translational subsystem and a backstepping-based PID nonlinear controller for the rotational subsystem of the quadrotor. The performances of the nonlinear control method are evaluated by nonlinear simulation and the results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed control strategy for the quadrotor helicopter in quasi-stationary flights.展开更多
A kind of networked control system with network-induced delay and packet dropout, modeled on asynchronous dynamical systems was tested, and the integrity design of the networked control system with sensors failures an...A kind of networked control system with network-induced delay and packet dropout, modeled on asynchronous dynamical systems was tested, and the integrity design of the networked control system with sensors failures and actuators failures was analyzed using hybrid systems technique based on the robust fault-tolerant control theory. The parametric expression of controller is given based on the feasible solution of linear matrix inequality. The simulation results are provided on the basis of detailed theoretical analysis, which further demonstrate the validity of the proposed schema.展开更多
Complex adaptive systems （cas） - systems that involve many components that adapt or learn as they interact - are at the heart of important contemporary problems. The study of cas poses unique challenges： Some of ou...Complex adaptive systems （cas） - systems that involve many components that adapt or learn as they interact - are at the heart of important contemporary problems. The study of cas poses unique challenges： Some of our most powerful muthemutical tools, particularly methods involivng fixed points, attractors, and the like, are of limited help in understanding the development of cas. This paper suggests ways to modify research methods and tools, with an emphasis on the role of computer-based models, to increase our understanding of cas.展开更多
Among different sources of alternate energy,wind and solar are two prominent and promising alternatives to meet the future electricity needs for mankind.Generally,these sources are integrated at the distribution utili...Among different sources of alternate energy,wind and solar are two prominent and promising alternatives to meet the future electricity needs for mankind.Generally,these sources are integrated at the distribution utilities to supply the local distribution customers.If the power generated by these sources is bulk,then they are either integrated at the distribution/transmission level or may be operated in an island mode if feasible.The integration of these renewables in the power network will change the fault level and network topologies.These fault levels are intermittent in nature and existing protection schemes may fail to operate because of their pre-set condition.Therefore,the design and selection of a proper protection scheme is very much essential for reliable control and operation of renewable integrated power systems.Depending upon the level of infeed and location of the renewable integration,the protection requirements are different.For low renewable infeed at the distribution level,the existing relay settings are immune from any small change in the network fault current from new incoming renewables.However,bulk renewable infeed requires modification in the existing protection schemes to accommodate the fault current variation from the incoming renewables.For bulk penetration of the renewable,the requirement of modified/additional protection schemes is unavoidable.Adaptive relaying and non-adaptive relaying schemes are discussed in the literature for protection of power networks,which are experiencing dynamic fault currents and frequent changing network topologies.This article presents a detailed review of protection schemes for renewable integrated power networks which includes distribution,transmission and microgrid systems.The merits and demerits of these protection schemes are also identified in this article for the added interest of the readers.The visible scope of advance protection schemes which may be suitable for providing reliable protection for dynamic fault current networks is also explored.展开更多
As an essential plant macronutrient, the low availability of phosphorus （P） in most soils imposes serious limitation on crop production. Plants have evolved complex responsive and adaptive mechanisms for acquisition...As an essential plant macronutrient, the low availability of phosphorus （P） in most soils imposes serious limitation on crop production. Plants have evolved complex responsive and adaptive mechanisms for acquisition, remobilization and recycling of phosphate （Pi） to maintain P homeostasis. Spatio-temporal molecular, physiological, and biochemical Pi deficiency responses developed by plants are the consequence of local and systemic sensing and signaling pathways. Pi deficiency is sensed locally by the root system where hormones serve as important signaling components in terms of developmental reprogramming, leading to changes in root system architecture. Root-to-shoot and shoot-to-root signals, delivered through the xylem and phloem, respectively, involving Pi itself, hormones, miRNAs, mRNAs, and sucrose, serve to coordinate Pi deficiency responses at the whole-plant level. A combination of chromatin remodeling, transcriptional and posttranslational events contribute to globally regulating a wide range of Pi deficiency responses. In this review, recent advances are evaluated in terms of progress toward developing a comprehen- sive understanding of the molecular events underlying control over P homeostasis. Application of this knowledge, in terms of developing crop plants having enhanced attributes for P use efficiency, is discussed from the perspective of agricultural sustainability in the face of diminishing global P supplies.展开更多
The Globus Toolkit （GT） has been developed since the late 1990s to support the development of serviceoriented distributed computing applications and infrastructures. Core GT components address, within a common frame...The Globus Toolkit （GT） has been developed since the late 1990s to support the development of serviceoriented distributed computing applications and infrastructures. Core GT components address, within a common framework, fundamental issues relating to security, resource access, resource management, data movement, resource discovery, and so forth. These components enable a broader ＂Globus ecosystem＂ of tools and components that build on, or interoperate with, GT functionality to provide a wide range of useful application-level functions. These tools have in turn been used to develop a wide range of both ＂Grid＂ infrastructures and distributed applications. I summarize here the principal characteristics of the recent Web Services-based GT4 release, which provides significant improvements over previous releases in terms of robustness, performance,, usability, documentation, standards compliance, and functionality. I also introduce the new ＂dev.globus＂ community development process, which allows a larger community to contribute to the development of Globus software.展开更多
文摘Our next generation of industry-lndustry 4.0-holds the promise of increased flexibility in manufacturing, along with mass customization, better quality, and improved productivity. It thus enables companies to cope with the challenges of producing increasingly individualized products with a short lead-time to market and higher quality. Intelligent manufacturing plays an important role in Industry 4.0. Typical resources are converted into intelligent objects so that they are able to sense, act, and behave within a smart environment. In order to fully understand intelligent manufacturing in the context of Industry 4.0, this paper provides a comprehensive review of associated topics such as intelligent manufacturing, Internet of Things （IoT）- enabled manufacturing, and cloud manufacturing. Similarities and differences in these topics are highlighted based on our analysis. We also review key technologies such as the loT, cyber-physical systems （CPSs）, cloud computing, big data analytics （BDA）, and information and communications technology （ICT） that are used to enable intelligent manufacturing. Next, we describe worldwide movements in intelligent manufacturing, including governmental strategic plans from different countries and strategic plans from major international companies in the European Union, United States, Japan, and China. Finally, we present current challenges and future research directions. The concepts discussed in this paper will spark new ideas in the effort to realize the much-anticipated Fourth Industrial Revolution.
基金The project supported by National Natural Science Foundation Committeethrough Nankai Institute of Mathematics
文摘 An isospectral problem with four potentials is discussed. The corresponding hierarchy of nonlinearevolution equations is derived. It is shown that the AKNS, Levi, D-AKNS hierarchies and a new oneare reductions of the above hierarchy. In each case the relevant Hamiltonian form is established bymaking use of the trase identity.
文摘Exosomes are small intracellular membrane-based vesicles with different compositions that are involved in several biological and pathological processes. The exploitation of exosomes as drug delivery vehicles offers important advantages compared to other nanoparticulate drug delivery systems such as liposomes and polymeric nanoparticles; exosomes are non-immunogenic in nature due to similar composition as body's own cells. In this article, the origin and structure of exosomes as well as their biological functions are outlined. We will then focus on specific applications of exosomes as drug delivery systems in pharmaceutical drug development. An overview of the advantages and challenges faced when using exosomes as a pharmaceutical drug delivery vehicles will also be discussed.
文摘为加强农产品质量安全管理,保证消费者身体健康,从农产品供应链的角度出发,提出基于农产品供应链的质量安全可追溯系统的设计方案。在危害分析和关键控制点(hazard analysis and critical control point,HACCP)管理体系的指导下,利用二维码技术、数据库技术、网络信息技术进行系统的构建和开发,实现了农产品在整个供应链上从种植、采收、加工到销售的全程跟踪和溯源,有效地加强了对农产品质量安全的监管,保证消费者最终知情权。目前,该系统在江苏江阴地区实际测试效果良好,验证了方案的可行性和有效性。
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(81430096)China Drug Innovation Plan(2014ZX09507005,2014ZX09507005-003,2012ZX09304002,2012ZX09505001)
文摘Traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） has developed over thousands of years and has accumulated abundant clinical experience, forming a comprehensive and unique medical system. Emerging evidence has begun to illustrate TCM as an area of important medical rediscoveries. This review article briefly introduced the concept, significance, and technology of network pharmacology based on network biology and systems biology. It focused on the theoretical system and potential prospect of TCM network applied in TCM research and development including predicting new drug targets, action mechanism, new drug discovery; evaluating pharmacodynamics, pharmacokinetics, safety, toxicology, quality control, and bioinformatics of drugs. We also discussed the opportunities and challenges in the development and application of network pharmacology in the modernization of TCM research.
基金supported in part by the Australian Research Council Discovery Project(DP160103567)
文摘Networked control systems are spatially distributed systems in which the communication between sensors, actuators,and controllers occurs through a shared band-limited digital communication network. Several advantages of the network architectures include reduced system wiring, plug and play devices,increased system agility, and ease of system diagnosis and maintenance. Consequently, networked control is the current trend for industrial automation and has ever-increasing applications in a wide range of areas, such as smart grids, manufacturing systems,process control, automobiles, automated highway systems, and unmanned aerial vehicles. The modelling, analysis, and control of networked control systems have received considerable attention in the last two decades. The ‘control over networks’ is one of the key research directions for networked control systems. This paper aims at presenting a survey of trends and techniques in networked control systems from the perspective of ‘control over networks’, providing a snapshot of five control issues: sampled-data control, quantization control, networked control, event-triggered control, and security control. Some challenging issues are suggested to direct the future research.
基金Project supported by the National Key Basic Research Support Foundation (NKBRSF) of China (No.2002CB410807).
文摘The effect of different vegetation systems including bamboo plantation (BP), forest ecosystem (CF),citrus orchard (Ctr) and farmland (FL) on erosion and nutrients of red soil were investigated in hilly region of southeastern China to find effective control measures for soil erosion. The results showed that all the vegetation systems could significantly reduce soil erosion and nutrient losses compared to bare land (Br).The ability of different vegetation systems to conserve soil and water was in the order of Ctr ＞ BP ＞ CF ＞ FL ＞ Br. Vegetation could also improve soil fertility. The soil organic matter, total N and total P contents were much higher in all the vegetation systems than in bare land, especially for the top soils. Vegetation systems improved soil physical properties remarkably. Compared to the bare land, soil organic matter, TP,TK and available K, especially soil microbial biomass C, N and P, increased under all the vegetation covers.However, they were still much lower than expected, thus these biological measurements are still needed to be carried out continuously.
基金Higher Education Commission,Government of Paki-stan(1-3/PM-OVER/China/2005)
文摘In this article, a nonlinear model of an underactuated six degrees of freedom （6 DOF） quadrotor helicopter is derived on the basis of the Newton-Euler formalism. The derivation comprises determining equations of the motion of the quadrotor in three dimensions and approximating the actuation forces through the modeling of aerodynamic coefficients and electric motor dynamics. The derived model composed of translational and rotational subsystems is dynamically unstable, so a sequential nonlinear control strategy is used. The control strategy includes feedback linearization coupled with a PD controller for the translational subsystem and a backstepping-based PID nonlinear controller for the rotational subsystem of the quadrotor. The performances of the nonlinear control method are evaluated by nonlinear simulation and the results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed control strategy for the quadrotor helicopter in quasi-stationary flights.
基金This project was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (60274014)Doctor Foundation of China Education Ministry (20020487006).
文摘A kind of networked control system with network-induced delay and packet dropout, modeled on asynchronous dynamical systems was tested, and the integrity design of the networked control system with sensors failures and actuators failures was analyzed using hybrid systems technique based on the robust fault-tolerant control theory. The parametric expression of controller is given based on the feasible solution of linear matrix inequality. The simulation results are provided on the basis of detailed theoretical analysis, which further demonstrate the validity of the proposed schema.
文摘Complex adaptive systems （cas） - systems that involve many components that adapt or learn as they interact - are at the heart of important contemporary problems. The study of cas poses unique challenges： Some of our most powerful muthemutical tools, particularly methods involivng fixed points, attractors, and the like, are of limited help in understanding the development of cas. This paper suggests ways to modify research methods and tools, with an emphasis on the role of computer-based models, to increase our understanding of cas.
文摘Among different sources of alternate energy,wind and solar are two prominent and promising alternatives to meet the future electricity needs for mankind.Generally,these sources are integrated at the distribution utilities to supply the local distribution customers.If the power generated by these sources is bulk,then they are either integrated at the distribution/transmission level or may be operated in an island mode if feasible.The integration of these renewables in the power network will change the fault level and network topologies.These fault levels are intermittent in nature and existing protection schemes may fail to operate because of their pre-set condition.Therefore,the design and selection of a proper protection scheme is very much essential for reliable control and operation of renewable integrated power systems.Depending upon the level of infeed and location of the renewable integration,the protection requirements are different.For low renewable infeed at the distribution level,the existing relay settings are immune from any small change in the network fault current from new incoming renewables.However,bulk renewable infeed requires modification in the existing protection schemes to accommodate the fault current variation from the incoming renewables.For bulk penetration of the renewable,the requirement of modified/additional protection schemes is unavoidable.Adaptive relaying and non-adaptive relaying schemes are discussed in the literature for protection of power networks,which are experiencing dynamic fault currents and frequent changing network topologies.This article presents a detailed review of protection schemes for renewable integrated power networks which includes distribution,transmission and microgrid systems.The merits and demerits of these protection schemes are also identified in this article for the added interest of the readers.The visible scope of advance protection schemes which may be suitable for providing reliable protection for dynamic fault current networks is also explored.
基金supported by grants from the United States Department of AgricultureNational Institute of Food and Agriculture (NIFA 201015479+2 种基金 W.J.L.)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31025022 H.L.)
文摘As an essential plant macronutrient, the low availability of phosphorus （P） in most soils imposes serious limitation on crop production. Plants have evolved complex responsive and adaptive mechanisms for acquisition, remobilization and recycling of phosphate （Pi） to maintain P homeostasis. Spatio-temporal molecular, physiological, and biochemical Pi deficiency responses developed by plants are the consequence of local and systemic sensing and signaling pathways. Pi deficiency is sensed locally by the root system where hormones serve as important signaling components in terms of developmental reprogramming, leading to changes in root system architecture. Root-to-shoot and shoot-to-root signals, delivered through the xylem and phloem, respectively, involving Pi itself, hormones, miRNAs, mRNAs, and sucrose, serve to coordinate Pi deficiency responses at the whole-plant level. A combination of chromatin remodeling, transcriptional and posttranslational events contribute to globally regulating a wide range of Pi deficiency responses. In this review, recent advances are evaluated in terms of progress toward developing a comprehen- sive understanding of the molecular events underlying control over P homeostasis. Application of this knowledge, in terms of developing crop plants having enhanced attributes for P use efficiency, is discussed from the perspective of agricultural sustainability in the face of diminishing global P supplies.
基金Work on Giobus has been supported in part by the Mathematical, Information, and Computational Sciences Division subprogram of the 0ffice of Advanced Scientific Computing Research, U.S. Department of Energy, under Contract W-31-109-Eng-38, by the National Science Foundation （NSF）＇s 0ffice of Cyberinfrastructure and other programs, and by IBM, DARPA, NASA, Microsoft, the UK Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council and Department of Trade and Industry, and the Swedish Research Council. I report here on the work of many talented colleagues, as detailed at www.globus.org. The core team is currently based primarily at Argonne National Lab, U. Chicago, the USC Information Sciences Institute, U. Edinburgh, the Royal Institute of Technology, the National Center for Supercomputing Applications, and Univa Corporation, but many others have also contributed to Globus code, documentation, and testing, and/or made our work worthwhile by using the software.
文摘The Globus Toolkit （GT） has been developed since the late 1990s to support the development of serviceoriented distributed computing applications and infrastructures. Core GT components address, within a common framework, fundamental issues relating to security, resource access, resource management, data movement, resource discovery, and so forth. These components enable a broader ＂Globus ecosystem＂ of tools and components that build on, or interoperate with, GT functionality to provide a wide range of useful application-level functions. These tools have in turn been used to develop a wide range of both ＂Grid＂ infrastructures and distributed applications. I summarize here the principal characteristics of the recent Web Services-based GT4 release, which provides significant improvements over previous releases in terms of robustness, performance,, usability, documentation, standards compliance, and functionality. I also introduce the new ＂dev.globus＂ community development process, which allows a larger community to contribute to the development of Globus software.
