The nueleocapsid (N) protein of severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus (SARS-CoV) is a major virion structural protein. In this study, two epitopes (Nl and N2) of the N protein of SARS-CoV were predicted by bio...The nueleocapsid (N) protein of severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus (SARS-CoV) is a major virion structural protein. In this study, two epitopes (Nl and N2) of the N protein of SARS-CoV were predicted by bioinformatics analysis. After immunization with two peptides, the peptides-specific antibodies were isolated from the immunized rabbits. The further experiments demonstrated that N1 peptide-induced polyclonal antibodies had a high affinity to bind to E. coli expressed N protein of SAR,S-CoV. Furthermore, it was confirmed that Nl peptide-specific IgG antibodies were detectable in the sera of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) patients. The results indicated that an epitope of the N protein has been identified and N protein specific Abs were produced by peptide immunization, which will be useful for the study of SARS-CoV.展开更多
Objective To study the severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) -associated coronavirus genotype and its characteristics.Methods A SARS-associated coronavirus isolate named ZJ01 was obtained from throat swab samples t...Objective To study the severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) -associated coronavirus genotype and its characteristics.Methods A SARS-associated coronavirus isolate named ZJ01 was obtained from throat swab samples taken from a patient in Hangzhou, Zhejing province. The complete genome sequence of ZJ01 consisted of 29 715 bp (GenBank accession: AY297028, version; gi: 30910859). Seventeen SARS-associated coronavirus genome sequences in GenBank were compared to analyze the common sequence variations and the probability of co-occurrence of multiple polymorphisms or mutations. Phylogenetic analysis of those sequences was done.Results By bioinformatics processing and analysis, the 5 loci nucleotides at ZJ01 genome were found being T, T, G, T and T, respectively. Compared with other SARS-associated coronavirus genomes in the GenBank database, an A/G mutation was detected besides the other 4 mutation loci (C: G: C: C/T: T: T: T) involved in this genetic signature. Therefore a new definition was put forward according to the 5 mutation loci. SARS-associated coronavirus strains would be grouped into two genotypes (C: G: A: C: C/T: T: G: T: T), and abbreviated as SARS coronavirus C genotype and T genotype. On the basis of this new definition, the ZJ01 isolate belongs to SARS-associated coronavirus T genotype, first discovered and reported in China's Mainland. Phylogenetic analysis of the spike protein gene fragments of these SARS-associated coronavirus strains showed that the GZ01 isolate was phylogenetically distinct from other isolates, and compared with groups F1 and F2 of the T genotype, the isolates of BJ01 and CUHK-W1 were more closely related to the GZ01 isolate. It was interesting to find that two (A/G and C/T) of the five mutation loci occurred in the spike protein gene, which caused changes of Asp to Gly and Thr to He in the protein, respectively.Conclusion Attention should be paid to whether these genotype and mutation patterns are related to the virus' s biological activities, epidemic characteristics and host 展开更多
Objective To explore the clinical and radiological features of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS).Methods Analysis of the clinical presentation, chest radiographs, course of disease and features of severe pneumo...Objective To explore the clinical and radiological features of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS).Methods Analysis of the clinical presentation, chest radiographs, course of disease and features of severe pneumonia in 45 SARS patients diagnosed at our hospital in Beijing between April 5 - 20, 2003. Also included is a summation of the clinical features of SARS.Results (1) SARS appears to have high infectivity; (2) the most common symptom is fever; (3) the count of leukocyte is normal or decreased; (4) most patients (35/45, 77.8%) had experienced a 24-hour fever prior to the abnormal chest X-ray changes which showed progression of pulmonary infiltrates within 48 hours in 71.1% (32/45) of the patients and, (5) the percentage of patients who developed severe pneumonia (24. 4%) is higher than those who developed typical pneumonia.Conclusion SARS is a disease with high infectivity and has its own clinical and radiological features. Early recognition, prompt isolation, and appropriate therapy are the key to combate this infection.展开更多
Background Despite the streaks of severity,severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2(SARS-CoV-2)infection is,in general,less frequent and severe in children than in adults.We searched for causal evidence of this...Background Despite the streaks of severity,severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2(SARS-CoV-2)infection is,in general,less frequent and severe in children than in adults.We searched for causal evidence of this mystery.Data sources An extensive search strategy was designed to identify papers on coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19).We searched Ovid MEDLINE,PubMed,EMBASE databases,and Cochrane library and carried out a review on the causes of this dilemma.Results Our searches produced 81 relevant articles.The review showed that children accounted for a lower percentage of reported cases,and they also experienced less severe illness courses.Some potential explanations,including the tendency to engage the upper airway,the different expression in both receptors of angiotensin-converting enzyme and renin-angiotensin system,a less vigorous immune response,the lower levels of interleukin(IL)-6,IL-10,myeloperoxidase,and P-selectin and a higher intracellular adhesion molecule-1,a potential protective role of lymphocytes,and also lung infiltrations might have protective roles in the immune system-respiratory tract interactions.Finally,what have shed light on this under representa-tion comes from two studies that revealed high-titer immunoglobulin-G antibodies against respiratory syncytial virus and mycoplasma pneumonia,may carry out cross-protection against SARS-CoV-2 infection,just like what suggested about the vaccines.Conclusions These results require an in-depth look.Properties of the immune system including a less vigorous adaptive system beside a preliminary potent innate response and a trained immunity alongside a healthier respiratory system,and their interactions,might protect children against SARS-CoV-2 infection.However,further studies are needed to explore other possible causes of this enigma.展开更多
中东呼吸综合征冠状病毒(Middle East Respiratory Syndrome-Coronavirus,MERS-CoV)是继SARS冠状病毒(SARS-CoV)之后发现的一种能引起人严重急性呼吸道疾病且具有高致死率的新型病毒。目前还没有有效的抗病毒治疗药物或疫苗。现已从主...中东呼吸综合征冠状病毒(Middle East Respiratory Syndrome-Coronavirus,MERS-CoV)是继SARS冠状病毒(SARS-CoV)之后发现的一种能引起人严重急性呼吸道疾病且具有高致死率的新型病毒。目前还没有有效的抗病毒治疗药物或疫苗。现已从主要流行的中东地区逐渐蔓延至多个国家,具有全球流行的潜在趋势,引起了世界各国的极大关注及众多的调查研究。本文主要对MERS-CoV的传播源及途径、致病机理和抗病毒药物及疫苗等的研究进展做一综述,以期对研制特异的抗病毒药物及疫苗和实施切实有效的预防及控制措施提供参考。展开更多
Objective To establish a fluorescent polymerase chain reaction (F PCR) method for detecting the coronavirus related to severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) and to evaluate its value for clinical application Me...Objective To establish a fluorescent polymerase chain reaction (F PCR) method for detecting the coronavirus related to severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) and to evaluate its value for clinical application Methods The primers and the fluorescence labeled probe were designed and synthesized according to the published sequence of the SARS associated coronavirus genes A F PCR diagnosis kit for detecting the coronavirus was developed, and 115 clinical nasopharyngeal gargling liquid samples were tested Results The sequence of PCR amplified products completely matched the related sequence of the SARS associated coronavirus genome Forty nine out of 67 samples from identified SARS patients and 8 of 18 samples from persons having close contact with SARS patients showed positive results All 30 samples from healthy controls were negative Conclusion The F PCR method established may be a rapid, accurate and efficient way for screening and for the early diagnosis of SARS patients展开更多
Background SARS-CoV is the causative agent of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) which has been associated with outbreaks of SARS in Guangdong,Hong Kong and Beijing of China,and other regions worldwide. SARS-C...Background SARS-CoV is the causative agent of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) which has been associated with outbreaks of SARS in Guangdong,Hong Kong and Beijing of China,and other regions worldwide. SARS-CoV from human has shown some variations but its origin is still unknown. The genotyping and phylogeny of SARS-CoV were analyzed and reported in this paper. Methods Full or partial genomes of 44 SARS-CoV strains were collected from GenBank. The genotype,single nucleotide polymorphism and phylogeny of these SARS-CoV strains were analyzed by molecular biological,bioinformatic and epidemiological methods. Results There were 188 point mutations in the 33 virus full genomes with the counts of mutation mounting to 297. Further analysis was carried out among 36 of 188 loci with more than two times of mutation. All the 36 mutation loci occurred in coding sequences and 22 loci were non-synonymous. The gene mutation rates of replicase 1AB,S2 domain of spike glycoprotein and nucleocapsid protein were lower (0.079%-0.103%). There were 4 mutation loci in S1 domain of spike glycoprotein. The gene mutation rate of ORF10 was the highest (3.333%) with 4 mutation loci in this small domain (120 bp) and 3 of 4 loci related to deletion mutation. By bioinformatics processing and analysis,the nucleotides at 7 loci of genome (T∶T∶A∶G∶T∶C∶T/C∶G∶G∶A∶C∶T∶C) can classify SARS-CoV into two types. Therefore a novel definition is put forward that according to these 7 loci of mutation,40 strains of SARS-CoV in GenBank can be grouped into two genotypes,T∶T∶A∶G∶T∶C∶T and C∶G∶ G∶A∶ C∶T∶C,and named as SARS-CoV Yexin genotype and Xiaohong genotype. The two genotypes can be further divided into some sub-genotypes. These genotypes can also be approved by phylogenetic tree of three levels of 44 loci of mutation, spike glycoprotein gene and complete genome sequence. Compared to various strains among SARS-CoV Yexin genotype and Xiaohong genotype,GD01 strain of Yexin genotype is mo展开更多
Severe acute respiratory syndrome(SARS) is the first severe viral epidemic we encountered his century,which once spread in more than thirty countriesin2003.1 The etiological agent of SARS has beenc onfirmed to be a n...Severe acute respiratory syndrome(SARS) is the first severe viral epidemic we encountered his century,which once spread in more than thirty countriesin2003.1 The etiological agent of SARS has beenc onfirmed to be a novel coronavirus,namely SARS coronavirus(SARS-CoV),2,3 and the first outbreak of SARS has been successfully controlled world wide,but the identification of SARS-CoV isolated from wildanimals,the emergence of some sporadic SARS cases laterafter that outbreak,all suggest that the recurrence of such an epidemic is not unlikely in the future.In this case,development of SARS vaccines and specific drugs is undoubtedlyessential to the control and prevention from the possible outbreak.4,5展开更多
The objective of this study was to provide research clues for the prevention and treatment of coronavirus disease-2019(COVID-19)and coronavirus(Co V)infection using Traditional Chinese Medicine(TCM).A review on resear...The objective of this study was to provide research clues for the prevention and treatment of coronavirus disease-2019(COVID-19)and coronavirus(Co V)infection using Traditional Chinese Medicine(TCM).A review on research and clinical trials that using TCM extracts and active ingredients against Co V was performed,and a table of TCM agents and their effects on Co V were summarized.Relevant analysis was performed and visual expression of the data included summarizing the types of TCM and treatment methods for COVID-19.TCM fighting against Co V is mainly used in the lung and heart channels,and its medicinal properties are mainly cold and mild,while its taste is mainly bitter and sweet.The majority of research focused on treatments that clear away heat and toxic materials and those that strengthen body resistance and tonify deficiencies.TCM has unique advantages to fight against Co V.The development of new anti-Co V therapy using TCM is of great significance for the prevention and treatment of COVID-19 pneumonia and various viral infectious diseases.展开更多
基金supported by the grant of Shanghai Science and Technology Committee(No.03DZ19113)National Key Basic Research Program of China(No.2001CB510006)+1 种基金863 project(No.2001AA231011)a specific project against SARS from Chinese Academy of Sciences.
文摘The nueleocapsid (N) protein of severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus (SARS-CoV) is a major virion structural protein. In this study, two epitopes (Nl and N2) of the N protein of SARS-CoV were predicted by bioinformatics analysis. After immunization with two peptides, the peptides-specific antibodies were isolated from the immunized rabbits. The further experiments demonstrated that N1 peptide-induced polyclonal antibodies had a high affinity to bind to E. coli expressed N protein of SAR,S-CoV. Furthermore, it was confirmed that Nl peptide-specific IgG antibodies were detectable in the sera of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) patients. The results indicated that an epitope of the N protein has been identified and N protein specific Abs were produced by peptide immunization, which will be useful for the study of SARS-CoV.
基金This work was supported by the Administration of Science and Technology of Zhejiang Province,the Administration of Health of Zhejiang Province and Zhejiang University.
文摘Objective To study the severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) -associated coronavirus genotype and its characteristics.Methods A SARS-associated coronavirus isolate named ZJ01 was obtained from throat swab samples taken from a patient in Hangzhou, Zhejing province. The complete genome sequence of ZJ01 consisted of 29 715 bp (GenBank accession: AY297028, version; gi: 30910859). Seventeen SARS-associated coronavirus genome sequences in GenBank were compared to analyze the common sequence variations and the probability of co-occurrence of multiple polymorphisms or mutations. Phylogenetic analysis of those sequences was done.Results By bioinformatics processing and analysis, the 5 loci nucleotides at ZJ01 genome were found being T, T, G, T and T, respectively. Compared with other SARS-associated coronavirus genomes in the GenBank database, an A/G mutation was detected besides the other 4 mutation loci (C: G: C: C/T: T: T: T) involved in this genetic signature. Therefore a new definition was put forward according to the 5 mutation loci. SARS-associated coronavirus strains would be grouped into two genotypes (C: G: A: C: C/T: T: G: T: T), and abbreviated as SARS coronavirus C genotype and T genotype. On the basis of this new definition, the ZJ01 isolate belongs to SARS-associated coronavirus T genotype, first discovered and reported in China's Mainland. Phylogenetic analysis of the spike protein gene fragments of these SARS-associated coronavirus strains showed that the GZ01 isolate was phylogenetically distinct from other isolates, and compared with groups F1 and F2 of the T genotype, the isolates of BJ01 and CUHK-W1 were more closely related to the GZ01 isolate. It was interesting to find that two (A/G and C/T) of the five mutation loci occurred in the spike protein gene, which caused changes of Asp to Gly and Thr to He in the protein, respectively.Conclusion Attention should be paid to whether these genotype and mutation patterns are related to the virus' s biological activities, epidemic characteristics and host
文摘Objective To explore the clinical and radiological features of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS).Methods Analysis of the clinical presentation, chest radiographs, course of disease and features of severe pneumonia in 45 SARS patients diagnosed at our hospital in Beijing between April 5 - 20, 2003. Also included is a summation of the clinical features of SARS.Results (1) SARS appears to have high infectivity; (2) the most common symptom is fever; (3) the count of leukocyte is normal or decreased; (4) most patients (35/45, 77.8%) had experienced a 24-hour fever prior to the abnormal chest X-ray changes which showed progression of pulmonary infiltrates within 48 hours in 71.1% (32/45) of the patients and, (5) the percentage of patients who developed severe pneumonia (24. 4%) is higher than those who developed typical pneumonia.Conclusion SARS is a disease with high infectivity and has its own clinical and radiological features. Early recognition, prompt isolation, and appropriate therapy are the key to combate this infection.
文摘Background Despite the streaks of severity,severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2(SARS-CoV-2)infection is,in general,less frequent and severe in children than in adults.We searched for causal evidence of this mystery.Data sources An extensive search strategy was designed to identify papers on coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19).We searched Ovid MEDLINE,PubMed,EMBASE databases,and Cochrane library and carried out a review on the causes of this dilemma.Results Our searches produced 81 relevant articles.The review showed that children accounted for a lower percentage of reported cases,and they also experienced less severe illness courses.Some potential explanations,including the tendency to engage the upper airway,the different expression in both receptors of angiotensin-converting enzyme and renin-angiotensin system,a less vigorous immune response,the lower levels of interleukin(IL)-6,IL-10,myeloperoxidase,and P-selectin and a higher intracellular adhesion molecule-1,a potential protective role of lymphocytes,and also lung infiltrations might have protective roles in the immune system-respiratory tract interactions.Finally,what have shed light on this under representa-tion comes from two studies that revealed high-titer immunoglobulin-G antibodies against respiratory syncytial virus and mycoplasma pneumonia,may carry out cross-protection against SARS-CoV-2 infection,just like what suggested about the vaccines.Conclusions These results require an in-depth look.Properties of the immune system including a less vigorous adaptive system beside a preliminary potent innate response and a trained immunity alongside a healthier respiratory system,and their interactions,might protect children against SARS-CoV-2 infection.However,further studies are needed to explore other possible causes of this enigma.
文摘中东呼吸综合征冠状病毒(Middle East Respiratory Syndrome-Coronavirus,MERS-CoV)是继SARS冠状病毒(SARS-CoV)之后发现的一种能引起人严重急性呼吸道疾病且具有高致死率的新型病毒。目前还没有有效的抗病毒治疗药物或疫苗。现已从主要流行的中东地区逐渐蔓延至多个国家,具有全球流行的潜在趋势,引起了世界各国的极大关注及众多的调查研究。本文主要对MERS-CoV的传播源及途径、致病机理和抗病毒药物及疫苗等的研究进展做一综述,以期对研制特异的抗病毒药物及疫苗和实施切实有效的预防及控制措施提供参考。
文摘Objective To establish a fluorescent polymerase chain reaction (F PCR) method for detecting the coronavirus related to severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) and to evaluate its value for clinical application Methods The primers and the fluorescence labeled probe were designed and synthesized according to the published sequence of the SARS associated coronavirus genes A F PCR diagnosis kit for detecting the coronavirus was developed, and 115 clinical nasopharyngeal gargling liquid samples were tested Results The sequence of PCR amplified products completely matched the related sequence of the SARS associated coronavirus genome Forty nine out of 67 samples from identified SARS patients and 8 of 18 samples from persons having close contact with SARS patients showed positive results All 30 samples from healthy controls were negative Conclusion The F PCR method established may be a rapid, accurate and efficient way for screening and for the early diagnosis of SARS patients
文摘Background SARS-CoV is the causative agent of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) which has been associated with outbreaks of SARS in Guangdong,Hong Kong and Beijing of China,and other regions worldwide. SARS-CoV from human has shown some variations but its origin is still unknown. The genotyping and phylogeny of SARS-CoV were analyzed and reported in this paper. Methods Full or partial genomes of 44 SARS-CoV strains were collected from GenBank. The genotype,single nucleotide polymorphism and phylogeny of these SARS-CoV strains were analyzed by molecular biological,bioinformatic and epidemiological methods. Results There were 188 point mutations in the 33 virus full genomes with the counts of mutation mounting to 297. Further analysis was carried out among 36 of 188 loci with more than two times of mutation. All the 36 mutation loci occurred in coding sequences and 22 loci were non-synonymous. The gene mutation rates of replicase 1AB,S2 domain of spike glycoprotein and nucleocapsid protein were lower (0.079%-0.103%). There were 4 mutation loci in S1 domain of spike glycoprotein. The gene mutation rate of ORF10 was the highest (3.333%) with 4 mutation loci in this small domain (120 bp) and 3 of 4 loci related to deletion mutation. By bioinformatics processing and analysis,the nucleotides at 7 loci of genome (T∶T∶A∶G∶T∶C∶T/C∶G∶G∶A∶C∶T∶C) can classify SARS-CoV into two types. Therefore a novel definition is put forward that according to these 7 loci of mutation,40 strains of SARS-CoV in GenBank can be grouped into two genotypes,T∶T∶A∶G∶T∶C∶T and C∶G∶ G∶A∶ C∶T∶C,and named as SARS-CoV Yexin genotype and Xiaohong genotype. The two genotypes can be further divided into some sub-genotypes. These genotypes can also be approved by phylogenetic tree of three levels of 44 loci of mutation, spike glycoprotein gene and complete genome sequence. Compared to various strains among SARS-CoV Yexin genotype and Xiaohong genotype,GD01 strain of Yexin genotype is mo
文摘Severe acute respiratory syndrome(SARS) is the first severe viral epidemic we encountered his century,which once spread in more than thirty countriesin2003.1 The etiological agent of SARS has beenc onfirmed to be a novel coronavirus,namely SARS coronavirus(SARS-CoV),2,3 and the first outbreak of SARS has been successfully controlled world wide,but the identification of SARS-CoV isolated from wildanimals,the emergence of some sporadic SARS cases laterafter that outbreak,all suggest that the recurrence of such an epidemic is not unlikely in the future.In this case,development of SARS vaccines and specific drugs is undoubtedlyessential to the control and prevention from the possible outbreak.4,5
基金supported by the third National Medicine Master’s Inheritance Studio Construction Project of the State Administration of TCM(Weng Wei-liang Academic Succession Studio)Beijing Traditional Chinese Medicine’s Succession“3+3”Project(Weng Wei-liang Academic Succession Workstation)。
文摘The objective of this study was to provide research clues for the prevention and treatment of coronavirus disease-2019(COVID-19)and coronavirus(Co V)infection using Traditional Chinese Medicine(TCM).A review on research and clinical trials that using TCM extracts and active ingredients against Co V was performed,and a table of TCM agents and their effects on Co V were summarized.Relevant analysis was performed and visual expression of the data included summarizing the types of TCM and treatment methods for COVID-19.TCM fighting against Co V is mainly used in the lung and heart channels,and its medicinal properties are mainly cold and mild,while its taste is mainly bitter and sweet.The majority of research focused on treatments that clear away heat and toxic materials and those that strengthen body resistance and tonify deficiencies.TCM has unique advantages to fight against Co V.The development of new anti-Co V therapy using TCM is of great significance for the prevention and treatment of COVID-19 pneumonia and various viral infectious diseases.
