Realizing sustainable development has become a global priority.This holds,in particular,for agriculture.Recently,the United Nations launched the Sustainable Development Goals(SDGs),and the Nineteenth National People’...Realizing sustainable development has become a global priority.This holds,in particular,for agriculture.Recently,the United Nations launched the Sustainable Development Goals(SDGs),and the Nineteenth National People’s Congress has delivered a national strategy for sustainable development in China—realizing green development.The overall objective of Agriculture Green Development(AGD)is to coordinate"green"with"development"to realize the transformation of current agriculture with high resource consumption and high environmental costs into a green agriculture and countryside with high productivity,high resource use efficiency and low environmental impact.This is a formidable task,requiring joint efforts of government,farmers,industry,educators and researchers.The innovative concept for AGD will focus on reconstructing the whole crop-animal production and food production-consumption system,with the emphasis on high thresholds for environmental standards and food quality as well as enhanced human well-being.This paper addresses the significance,challenges,framework,pathways and potential solutions for realizing AGD in China,and highlights the potential changes that will lead to a more sustainable agriculture in the future.Proposals include interdisciplinary innovations,whole food chain improvement and regional solutions.The implementation of AGD in China will provide important implications for the countries in developmental transition,and contribute to global sustainable development.展开更多
China’s grain yield increased from 1 t hain 1961 to 6 t hain 2015, while successfully feeding not only its large population but also supplying agricultural products all over the world. These achievements were greatly...China’s grain yield increased from 1 t hain 1961 to 6 t hain 2015, while successfully feeding not only its large population but also supplying agricultural products all over the world. These achievements were greatly supported by modern technology and distinct governmental policy. However, China’s grain production has been causing a number of problems mainly related to declining natural resources and a lack of environmental protection. Due to the growing population and changing dietary requirements, increasing food production must be achieved by increasing resource use efficiency while minimizing environmental costs. We propose two novel development pathways that can potentially sustain agricultural crop production in the next few decades:(i) enhancing nutrient use efficiency with zero increase in chemical fertilizer input until 2020 and(ii) concurrently increasing grain yield and nutrient use efficiency for sustainable intensification with integrated nutrient management after 2020. This paper provides a perspective on further agricultural developments and challenges, and useful knowledge of our valuable experiences for other developing countries.展开更多
本文在分析了我国粮食生产中存在的主要问题的基础上,提出了"4R+3U+2E→1RUE"的现代循环农业原则与目标体系:即新4R原则包括再利用(Reuse)、再联合(Reunit)、再循环(Recycle)和可控制化(Regulating);3U分别为用养统筹(Unifica...本文在分析了我国粮食生产中存在的主要问题的基础上,提出了"4R+3U+2E→1RUE"的现代循环农业原则与目标体系:即新4R原则包括再利用(Reuse)、再联合(Reunit)、再循环(Recycle)和可控制化(Regulating);3U分别为用养统筹(Unification of land use and soil improvement)、农牧统筹(Unification of crop and livestock)和城乡统筹(Unification of urban and rural);2E是指循环农业强调经济效益(Economic)和改善环境(Environment)的同步实现;1RUE是指循环农业要实现最高的资源利用效率(Resource Use Efficiency),显著提高肥、水、土、光、热等的资源利用效率。认为现代循环农业是解决我国粮食生产中出现的主要问题和粮食主产区可持续发展的战略选择,并分析了循环农业在粮食生产中的功能及主要发展模式。提出我国粮食主产区发展现代循环农业需要正确处理国家粮食安全与农民收入、政府与市场、短期利益与长期利益、区域间循环、循环农业与循环经济等方面的关系。探讨了粮食主产区发展现代循环农业需要的理论与保障体系创新。展开更多
Soil degradation, defined as lowering and losing of soil functions, is becoming more and more serious worldwide in recent decades, and poses a threat to agricultural production and terrestrial ecosystem. It is estimat...Soil degradation, defined as lowering and losing of soil functions, is becoming more and more serious worldwide in recent decades, and poses a threat to agricultural production and terrestrial ecosystem. It is estimated that nearly 2 billion ha of soil resources in the world have been degraded, namely approximately 22% of the total cropland, pasture, forest, and woodland. Globally, soil erosion, chemical deterioration and physical degradation are the important parts amongst various types of soil degradation. As a natural process, soil degradation can be enhanced or dampened by a variety of human activities such as inappropriate agricultural management, overgrazing, deforestation, etc. Degraded soil means less food. As a result of soil degradation, it is estimated that about 11.9-13.4% of the global agricultural supply has been lost in the past five decades. Besides, soil degradation is also associated with off-site problems of sedimentation, climate change, watershed functions, and changes in natural habitats leading to loss of genetic stock and biodiversity. Therefore, it is essential to combat soil degradation at different levels and scales worldwide, not only for food security and ecological health, but also for the guarantee of global sustainable development.展开更多
农业直接关系到粮食安全和农户收入,既高度依赖于资源环境又反作用于资源环境。农业可持续发展是实现可持续发展目标的关键。通过CiteSpace对Web of Science和中国知网在2000—2019年发表的关于农业可持续发展评价的1174篇英文和1043篇...农业直接关系到粮食安全和农户收入,既高度依赖于资源环境又反作用于资源环境。农业可持续发展是实现可持续发展目标的关键。通过CiteSpace对Web of Science和中国知网在2000—2019年发表的关于农业可持续发展评价的1174篇英文和1043篇中文文章进行文献计量分析,总结出农业可持续发展的研究前沿、热点和趋势,以期为农业可持续发展研究和决策管理提供参考。结果表明:农业可持续发展的研究前沿聚焦在食物系统弹性与粮食安全、农业生态集约化与可持续集约化、都市农业与农业多功能性、农业生态系统服务权衡与协同4个方面。研究热点主要关注气候变化对农业系统的影响及其适应性管理、农业生态系统服务管理、农业活动的环境影响和农业系统可持续性综合评价。建议在今后的研究中进一步解析“气候-土地-水-能源-粮食”耦合机制,系统开展农业生态系统的“影响因素-作用机理-调控方法”研究。展开更多
China attaches great importance to food security.With the strong promotion of the government,Chinas grain output has achieved a great feat from"shortage"to"surplus in bumper years"and then to"...China attaches great importance to food security.With the strong promotion of the government,Chinas grain output has achieved a great feat from"shortage"to"surplus in bumper years"and then to"rising steadily",achieving a record"increase for the tenth consecutive year".From the current balance of food supply and demand in China,the food security situation can be guaranteed on the whole.However,if we analyze the food security in China from the perspective of agricultural sustainable development strategy,there are some difficulties,such as the reduction of cultivated land area,the decline of cultivated land quality,the fragility of agricultural ecological environment,and the transformation of residentsconsumption structure.This paper analyzes the difficulties faced by the development of food security in China under the strategy of sustainable agricultural development,and puts forward that to implement the strategy of sustainable agricultural development,it is necessary to realize the coordinated development of food security,science and technology,ecological environment,resources and society.展开更多
基金supported by the Project of Beijing’s Top-Precision-Advanced Disciplinesthe CSC-AGD Ph D Program from China Scholarship Council(CSC)the Key Consulting Project of the Chinese Academy of Engineering。
文摘Realizing sustainable development has become a global priority.This holds,in particular,for agriculture.Recently,the United Nations launched the Sustainable Development Goals(SDGs),and the Nineteenth National People’s Congress has delivered a national strategy for sustainable development in China—realizing green development.The overall objective of Agriculture Green Development(AGD)is to coordinate"green"with"development"to realize the transformation of current agriculture with high resource consumption and high environmental costs into a green agriculture and countryside with high productivity,high resource use efficiency and low environmental impact.This is a formidable task,requiring joint efforts of government,farmers,industry,educators and researchers.The innovative concept for AGD will focus on reconstructing the whole crop-animal production and food production-consumption system,with the emphasis on high thresholds for environmental standards and food quality as well as enhanced human well-being.This paper addresses the significance,challenges,framework,pathways and potential solutions for realizing AGD in China,and highlights the potential changes that will lead to a more sustainable agriculture in the future.Proposals include interdisciplinary innovations,whole food chain improvement and regional solutions.The implementation of AGD in China will provide important implications for the countries in developmental transition,and contribute to global sustainable development.
基金英国经济和社会研究委员会(Economic and Social Research Council)国际合作项目(BH170896)国家自然科学基金项目(41571129)+2 种基金文化和旅游部万名旅游英才计划项目(WMYC20181-025)广东省省级科技计划项目(2018A070712015)广州市哲学社会科学“十三五”规划课题(2018GZGJ120)
基金supported by the National Basic Research Program of China(973 Program,2015CB150405)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation Grant(2016M601177)
文摘China’s grain yield increased from 1 t hain 1961 to 6 t hain 2015, while successfully feeding not only its large population but also supplying agricultural products all over the world. These achievements were greatly supported by modern technology and distinct governmental policy. However, China’s grain production has been causing a number of problems mainly related to declining natural resources and a lack of environmental protection. Due to the growing population and changing dietary requirements, increasing food production must be achieved by increasing resource use efficiency while minimizing environmental costs. We propose two novel development pathways that can potentially sustain agricultural crop production in the next few decades:(i) enhancing nutrient use efficiency with zero increase in chemical fertilizer input until 2020 and(ii) concurrently increasing grain yield and nutrient use efficiency for sustainable intensification with integrated nutrient management after 2020. This paper provides a perspective on further agricultural developments and challenges, and useful knowledge of our valuable experiences for other developing countries.
文摘本文在分析了我国粮食生产中存在的主要问题的基础上,提出了"4R+3U+2E→1RUE"的现代循环农业原则与目标体系:即新4R原则包括再利用(Reuse)、再联合(Reunit)、再循环(Recycle)和可控制化(Regulating);3U分别为用养统筹(Unification of land use and soil improvement)、农牧统筹(Unification of crop and livestock)和城乡统筹(Unification of urban and rural);2E是指循环农业强调经济效益(Economic)和改善环境(Environment)的同步实现;1RUE是指循环农业要实现最高的资源利用效率(Resource Use Efficiency),显著提高肥、水、土、光、热等的资源利用效率。认为现代循环农业是解决我国粮食生产中出现的主要问题和粮食主产区可持续发展的战略选择,并分析了循环农业在粮食生产中的功能及主要发展模式。提出我国粮食主产区发展现代循环农业需要正确处理国家粮食安全与农民收入、政府与市场、短期利益与长期利益、区域间循环、循环农业与循环经济等方面的关系。探讨了粮食主产区发展现代循环农业需要的理论与保障体系创新。
基金Key State Basic Research Program of China No. G1999045707
文摘Soil degradation, defined as lowering and losing of soil functions, is becoming more and more serious worldwide in recent decades, and poses a threat to agricultural production and terrestrial ecosystem. It is estimated that nearly 2 billion ha of soil resources in the world have been degraded, namely approximately 22% of the total cropland, pasture, forest, and woodland. Globally, soil erosion, chemical deterioration and physical degradation are the important parts amongst various types of soil degradation. As a natural process, soil degradation can be enhanced or dampened by a variety of human activities such as inappropriate agricultural management, overgrazing, deforestation, etc. Degraded soil means less food. As a result of soil degradation, it is estimated that about 11.9-13.4% of the global agricultural supply has been lost in the past five decades. Besides, soil degradation is also associated with off-site problems of sedimentation, climate change, watershed functions, and changes in natural habitats leading to loss of genetic stock and biodiversity. Therefore, it is essential to combat soil degradation at different levels and scales worldwide, not only for food security and ecological health, but also for the guarantee of global sustainable development.
文摘农业直接关系到粮食安全和农户收入,既高度依赖于资源环境又反作用于资源环境。农业可持续发展是实现可持续发展目标的关键。通过CiteSpace对Web of Science和中国知网在2000—2019年发表的关于农业可持续发展评价的1174篇英文和1043篇中文文章进行文献计量分析,总结出农业可持续发展的研究前沿、热点和趋势,以期为农业可持续发展研究和决策管理提供参考。结果表明:农业可持续发展的研究前沿聚焦在食物系统弹性与粮食安全、农业生态集约化与可持续集约化、都市农业与农业多功能性、农业生态系统服务权衡与协同4个方面。研究热点主要关注气候变化对农业系统的影响及其适应性管理、农业生态系统服务管理、农业活动的环境影响和农业系统可持续性综合评价。建议在今后的研究中进一步解析“气候-土地-水-能源-粮食”耦合机制,系统开展农业生态系统的“影响因素-作用机理-调控方法”研究。
文摘China attaches great importance to food security.With the strong promotion of the government,Chinas grain output has achieved a great feat from"shortage"to"surplus in bumper years"and then to"rising steadily",achieving a record"increase for the tenth consecutive year".From the current balance of food supply and demand in China,the food security situation can be guaranteed on the whole.However,if we analyze the food security in China from the perspective of agricultural sustainable development strategy,there are some difficulties,such as the reduction of cultivated land area,the decline of cultivated land quality,the fragility of agricultural ecological environment,and the transformation of residentsconsumption structure.This paper analyzes the difficulties faced by the development of food security in China under the strategy of sustainable agricultural development,and puts forward that to implement the strategy of sustainable agricultural development,it is necessary to realize the coordinated development of food security,science and technology,ecological environment,resources and society.
