As of French, German and Ojibwe mixed-blood origin, Louise Erdrich, a well-known and prolific American writer, has always been dealing with the theme of the relationship between Catholicism and Ojibwe spirituality in ...As of French, German and Ojibwe mixed-blood origin, Louise Erdrich, a well-known and prolific American writer, has always been dealing with the theme of the relationship between Catholicism and Ojibwe spirituality in her fictional world. Her attitude towards Catholicism and Ojibwe spirituality has sparked a heated discussion among scholars and researchers in recent years. Under such academic atmosphere, therefore, LaRose is discussed in this paper. It is shown inLaRose that when white and tribal history come together, where Catholic and traditional spirit worlds intersect, and when Western legal justice cannot solve an ethical problem, Ojibwe spirituality can be used for healing trauma, which is represented through the tradition of adoption as a spiritual reparation, the acquisition of power through naming and biological inheritance and the practice of rituals and ceremonies, from all of which the healing power is derived. Rather than being a syncretism with Catholic, Ojibwe spirituality should preserve its own traditions and cultures to survive generational as well as individual trauma and maintain a culture survivance展开更多
Based on the investigation in Longxi Mountain National Nature Reserve and the theory of survival analysis,a static life table of Taxus chinensis var. mairei population was worked out,the curves of its survival rate,mo...Based on the investigation in Longxi Mountain National Nature Reserve and the theory of survival analysis,a static life table of Taxus chinensis var. mairei population was worked out,the curves of its survival rate,mortality rate and killing power were drawn,and the population dynamics was analyzed by spectral analysis.The results showed that the survival curve of the population appeared to be a type of Deevey Ⅲ,and the high mortality of seeding was one of the important reasons which caused Taxus chinensis var. mairei to be endangered.The spectral analysis of the population showed that there was a marked periodic regularity in the process of natural regeneration of Taxus chinensis var. mairei .展开更多
Cell death is a fundamental physiological process in all living organisms.Its roles extend from embryonic development,organ maintenance,and aging to the coordination of immune responses and autoimmunity.In recent year...Cell death is a fundamental physiological process in all living organisms.Its roles extend from embryonic development,organ maintenance,and aging to the coordination of immune responses and autoimmunity.In recent years,our understanding of the mechanisms orchestrating cellular death and its consequences on immunity and homeostasis has increased substantially.Different modalities of what has become known as‘programmed cell death’have been described,and some key players in these processes have been identified.We have learned more about the intricacies that fine tune the activity of common players and ultimately shape the different types of cell death.These studies have highlighted the complex mechanisms tipping the balance between different cell fates.Here,we summarize the latest discoveries in the three most well understood modalities of cell death,namely,apoptosis,necroptosis,and pyroptosis,highlighting common and unique pathways and their effect on the surrounding cells and the organism as a whole.展开更多
文摘As of French, German and Ojibwe mixed-blood origin, Louise Erdrich, a well-known and prolific American writer, has always been dealing with the theme of the relationship between Catholicism and Ojibwe spirituality in her fictional world. Her attitude towards Catholicism and Ojibwe spirituality has sparked a heated discussion among scholars and researchers in recent years. Under such academic atmosphere, therefore, LaRose is discussed in this paper. It is shown inLaRose that when white and tribal history come together, where Catholic and traditional spirit worlds intersect, and when Western legal justice cannot solve an ethical problem, Ojibwe spirituality can be used for healing trauma, which is represented through the tradition of adoption as a spiritual reparation, the acquisition of power through naming and biological inheritance and the practice of rituals and ceremonies, from all of which the healing power is derived. Rather than being a syncretism with Catholic, Ojibwe spirituality should preserve its own traditions and cultures to survive generational as well as individual trauma and maintain a culture survivance
文摘Based on the investigation in Longxi Mountain National Nature Reserve and the theory of survival analysis,a static life table of Taxus chinensis var. mairei population was worked out,the curves of its survival rate,mortality rate and killing power were drawn,and the population dynamics was analyzed by spectral analysis.The results showed that the survival curve of the population appeared to be a type of Deevey Ⅲ,and the high mortality of seeding was one of the important reasons which caused Taxus chinensis var. mairei to be endangered.The spectral analysis of the population showed that there was a marked periodic regularity in the process of natural regeneration of Taxus chinensis var. mairei .
基金B.S.F.is supported by grants from the European Research Council(PLAT-IL-1,714175)B.S.F.and E.L.are further supported by grants from the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft(DFG,German Research Foundation)(SFBTRR57)the DFG Germany’s Excellence Strategy-EXC 2151-390873048.
文摘Cell death is a fundamental physiological process in all living organisms.Its roles extend from embryonic development,organ maintenance,and aging to the coordination of immune responses and autoimmunity.In recent years,our understanding of the mechanisms orchestrating cellular death and its consequences on immunity and homeostasis has increased substantially.Different modalities of what has become known as‘programmed cell death’have been described,and some key players in these processes have been identified.We have learned more about the intricacies that fine tune the activity of common players and ultimately shape the different types of cell death.These studies have highlighted the complex mechanisms tipping the balance between different cell fates.Here,we summarize the latest discoveries in the three most well understood modalities of cell death,namely,apoptosis,necroptosis,and pyroptosis,highlighting common and unique pathways and their effect on the surrounding cells and the organism as a whole.
