New estimations of radiative forcing due to CO2 were calculated using updated concentration data of CO2 and a high-resolution radiative transfer model. The stratospheric adjusted radiative forcing (ARF) due to CO2 f...New estimations of radiative forcing due to CO2 were calculated using updated concentration data of CO2 and a high-resolution radiative transfer model. The stratospheric adjusted radiative forcing (ARF) due to CO2 from the year 1750 to the updated year of 2010 was found to have increased to 1.95 W m-2, which was 17% larger than that of the IPCC's 4th Assessment Report because of the rapid increase in CO2 concentrations since 2005. A new formula is proposed to accurately describe the relationship between the ARF of CO2 and its concentration. Furthermore, according to the relationship between the ARF and surface temperature change, possible changes in equilibrium surface temperature were estimated under the scenarios that the concentration of CO2 increases to 1.5, 2, 2.5, 3, 3.5 and 4 times that of the concentration in the year 2008. The result was values of +2.2℃, +3.8℃, +5.1℃, +6.2℃, +7.1℃ and +8.0℃ respectively, based on a middle-level climate sensitivity parameter of 0.8 K (W m 3)-1. Non-equilibrium surface temperature changes over the next 500 years were also calculated under two kinds of emission scenarios (pulsed and sustained emissions) as a comparison, according to the Absolute Global Temperature change Potential (AGTP) of CO2. Results showed that CO2 will likely continue to contribute to global warming if no emission controls are imposed, and the effect on the Earth-atmosphere system will be difficult to restore to its original level.展开更多
利用第5次耦合模式比较计划(CMIP5)中35个全球气候模式历史模拟与RCP4.5预估结果,通过贝叶斯模型平均(Bayesian Model Averaging,BMA)对中国气温进行多模式集合研究,给出了中国未来气温变化预估及其不确定性的时空分布。结果表明,中国2...利用第5次耦合模式比较计划(CMIP5)中35个全球气候模式历史模拟与RCP4.5预估结果,通过贝叶斯模型平均(Bayesian Model Averaging,BMA)对中国气温进行多模式集合研究,给出了中国未来气温变化预估及其不确定性的时空分布。结果表明,中国21世纪冬夏将持续升温,且升温具有冬季高于夏季,北方高于南方的特点。初期(2016—2035年)北方有很大可能(>80%)升温超过0.7℃,南方升温相同幅度的概率则超过50%;中期(2046—2065年)北方和南方升温超过1.5℃的概率分别为80%和50%;末期(2081—2100年),北方(南方)有80%(50%)的可能的升温超过2℃。气温预估的不确定性研究发现,无论冬夏,21世纪不同时期升温相对较弱的塔里木盆地、青藏高原南侧和中国东南地区为不确定性低值区,基本低于0.6℃,对应可信度较高,如21世纪初期信噪比超过4;而不确定性的高值区则主要分布在新疆北部、东北平原北部和青藏高原东南侧等升温相对较大的地区,普遍高于1℃,对应可信度较低,如初期信噪比低于2.5。此外,基于信噪比对比发现除青藏高原东部外,其他区域夏季预估的可信度均高于冬季,21世纪末期高于初期,且空间分布特征一致。展开更多
为获取神东矿区地表温度长期变化趋势,提取其地表温度突变特征,以2000—2018年16 d地表温度最大值合成的MOD11A2为数据源,对神东矿区地表温度进行回归分析,拟合其时序变化趋势,并利用BFAST算法(breaks for additive seasonal and trend...为获取神东矿区地表温度长期变化趋势,提取其地表温度突变特征,以2000—2018年16 d地表温度最大值合成的MOD11A2为数据源,对神东矿区地表温度进行回归分析,拟合其时序变化趋势,并利用BFAST算法(breaks for additive seasonal and trend)提取地表温度突变的时空分布特征、最大突变发生时间和突变幅度。在此基础上,通过空间叠加统计方法分析地表温度突变与土地覆被变化之间的关系。结果表明:2000—2018年,由于神东矿区整体植被覆盖度增加,矿区内98.63%的区域地表温度呈下降趋势;露天采区地表温度突变比例高于井工采区,露天采区和井工采区内地表温度突变面积占比分别为34.66%和19.02%,归因于露天开采比井工开采对地表扰动更加剧烈;土地覆被变化引起地表温度突变,地表温度突变方向和幅度取决于土地覆被变化的类型、规模等。研究结果可为矿区生态环境治理及评价提供科学依据。展开更多
1研究背景对于地面温度LST(Land Surface Temperature)与地震之间的关系已取得诸多研究结果。如:马未宇等(2018)利用NCEP(National Center for Environmental Prediction)的地温数据,计算出江西九江地震前后不同层温度的变化,探索天体...1研究背景对于地面温度LST(Land Surface Temperature)与地震之间的关系已取得诸多研究结果。如:马未宇等(2018)利用NCEP(National Center for Environmental Prediction)的地温数据,计算出江西九江地震前后不同层温度的变化,探索天体引潮力附加构造应力(ATSCTF)与地震之间的关系,结果显示地震可能是地温变化的一个原因,而不是一个简单的天气变化,并且地温升高与ATSCTF变化同步波动;陈顺云等(2018)通过潜埋钻孔监测不同深度的岩床温度,探索地壳应力变化,重点研究了康定M_(S) 6.3地震的同震响应,结果显示,基岩温度变化与地震发生具有同步性。本文拟在上述工作基础上,以2018年印度尼西亚大地震为例,研究大地震发生前后地温变化的过程。展开更多
基金supported by the National Basic Research Program of China (Grant Nos. 2010CB955703 and 2011CB403405)the Public Meteorology Special Foundation of MOST (Grant No. GYHY200906020)
文摘New estimations of radiative forcing due to CO2 were calculated using updated concentration data of CO2 and a high-resolution radiative transfer model. The stratospheric adjusted radiative forcing (ARF) due to CO2 from the year 1750 to the updated year of 2010 was found to have increased to 1.95 W m-2, which was 17% larger than that of the IPCC's 4th Assessment Report because of the rapid increase in CO2 concentrations since 2005. A new formula is proposed to accurately describe the relationship between the ARF of CO2 and its concentration. Furthermore, according to the relationship between the ARF and surface temperature change, possible changes in equilibrium surface temperature were estimated under the scenarios that the concentration of CO2 increases to 1.5, 2, 2.5, 3, 3.5 and 4 times that of the concentration in the year 2008. The result was values of +2.2℃, +3.8℃, +5.1℃, +6.2℃, +7.1℃ and +8.0℃ respectively, based on a middle-level climate sensitivity parameter of 0.8 K (W m 3)-1. Non-equilibrium surface temperature changes over the next 500 years were also calculated under two kinds of emission scenarios (pulsed and sustained emissions) as a comparison, according to the Absolute Global Temperature change Potential (AGTP) of CO2. Results showed that CO2 will likely continue to contribute to global warming if no emission controls are imposed, and the effect on the Earth-atmosphere system will be difficult to restore to its original level.
文摘利用第5次耦合模式比较计划(CMIP5)中35个全球气候模式历史模拟与RCP4.5预估结果,通过贝叶斯模型平均(Bayesian Model Averaging,BMA)对中国气温进行多模式集合研究,给出了中国未来气温变化预估及其不确定性的时空分布。结果表明,中国21世纪冬夏将持续升温,且升温具有冬季高于夏季,北方高于南方的特点。初期(2016—2035年)北方有很大可能(>80%)升温超过0.7℃,南方升温相同幅度的概率则超过50%;中期(2046—2065年)北方和南方升温超过1.5℃的概率分别为80%和50%;末期(2081—2100年),北方(南方)有80%(50%)的可能的升温超过2℃。气温预估的不确定性研究发现,无论冬夏,21世纪不同时期升温相对较弱的塔里木盆地、青藏高原南侧和中国东南地区为不确定性低值区,基本低于0.6℃,对应可信度较高,如21世纪初期信噪比超过4;而不确定性的高值区则主要分布在新疆北部、东北平原北部和青藏高原东南侧等升温相对较大的地区,普遍高于1℃,对应可信度较低,如初期信噪比低于2.5。此外,基于信噪比对比发现除青藏高原东部外,其他区域夏季预估的可信度均高于冬季,21世纪末期高于初期,且空间分布特征一致。
文摘为获取神东矿区地表温度长期变化趋势,提取其地表温度突变特征,以2000—2018年16 d地表温度最大值合成的MOD11A2为数据源,对神东矿区地表温度进行回归分析,拟合其时序变化趋势,并利用BFAST算法(breaks for additive seasonal and trend)提取地表温度突变的时空分布特征、最大突变发生时间和突变幅度。在此基础上,通过空间叠加统计方法分析地表温度突变与土地覆被变化之间的关系。结果表明:2000—2018年,由于神东矿区整体植被覆盖度增加,矿区内98.63%的区域地表温度呈下降趋势;露天采区地表温度突变比例高于井工采区,露天采区和井工采区内地表温度突变面积占比分别为34.66%和19.02%,归因于露天开采比井工开采对地表扰动更加剧烈;土地覆被变化引起地表温度突变,地表温度突变方向和幅度取决于土地覆被变化的类型、规模等。研究结果可为矿区生态环境治理及评价提供科学依据。
文摘1研究背景对于地面温度LST(Land Surface Temperature)与地震之间的关系已取得诸多研究结果。如:马未宇等(2018)利用NCEP(National Center for Environmental Prediction)的地温数据,计算出江西九江地震前后不同层温度的变化,探索天体引潮力附加构造应力(ATSCTF)与地震之间的关系,结果显示地震可能是地温变化的一个原因,而不是一个简单的天气变化,并且地温升高与ATSCTF变化同步波动;陈顺云等(2018)通过潜埋钻孔监测不同深度的岩床温度,探索地壳应力变化,重点研究了康定M_(S) 6.3地震的同震响应,结果显示,基岩温度变化与地震发生具有同步性。本文拟在上述工作基础上,以2018年印度尼西亚大地震为例,研究大地震发生前后地温变化的过程。