The navy and other Department of Defense organizations are increasingly interested in the use of unmanned surface vehicles (USVs) for a variety of missions and applications. The term USV refers to any vehicle that ope...The navy and other Department of Defense organizations are increasingly interested in the use of unmanned surface vehicles (USVs) for a variety of missions and applications. The term USV refers to any vehicle that operates on the surface of the water without a crew. USVs have the potential, and in some cases the demonstrated ability, to reduce risk to manned forces, provide the necessary force multiplication to accomplish military missions, perform tasks which manned vehicles cannot, and do so in a way that is affordable for the navy. A survey of USV activities worldwide as well as the general technical challenges of USVs was presented below. A general description of USVs was provided along with their typical applications. The technical challenges of developing a USV include its intelligence level, control, high stability, and developmental cost reduction. Through the joint efforts of researchers around the world, it is believed that the development of USVs will enter a new phase in the near future, as USVs could soon be applied widely both in military and civilian service.展开更多
A fast iterative approach of generalized forward-backward method with the spectrum acceleration algorithm (GFBM/SAA) is developed for solving electromagnetic field integral equation and is applied to numerical simulat...A fast iterative approach of generalized forward-backward method with the spectrum acceleration algorithm (GFBM/SAA) is developed for solving electromagnetic field integral equation and is applied to numerical simulation of radar surveillance of the ship target in oceanic clutters. Randomly rough surface is realized by the Monte Carlo method using the Pierson-Moskowitz spectrum. Numerical results of bistatic and back-scattering from the ship target and oceanic clutters demonstrate the functional dependencies upon the situation of radar surveillance such as the incidence and observation angles, radar altitude, ship RCS and other oceanic conditions.展开更多
This survey was designed to assess the sanitation status of hospitals and the compliance of hospital staff to disinfection strategies within the past 11 years.A total of 199 provincial affiliated tertiary or secondary...This survey was designed to assess the sanitation status of hospitals and the compliance of hospital staff to disinfection strategies within the past 11 years.A total of 199 provincial affiliated tertiary or secondary public hospitals from 2007 to 2017 were investigated and seven critical categories,namely indoor air,work surface,hand hygiene,ultraviolet(UV) irradiation intensity,use of disinfectants,sterilization of medical items,and effects of steam sterilizer,were monitored.The average qualified rates were(94.74±3.54)%(810/855),(97.25±1.65)%(1 876/1 929),(87.57±4.60)%(2 508/2 864),(95.00±4.50)%(1 196/1 259),and(98.76±1.14)%(1 599/1 619) for indoor air,work surface,hand hygiene,UV irradiation intensity,and sterilization of medical items,respectively.In terms of other categories,a few samples were not qualified:3/1 575 for use of disinfectants and 1/243 for effects of steam sterilizer.The hospital disinfection monitoring and supervision program effectively improved the effectiveness of disinfection.Routine monitoring and supervision must be conducted to ensure a safe hospital treatment environment.展开更多
Aim:Chronic persistent hepatitis B virus carriers are generally asymptomatic until the advanced stage of the disease.The"Hepatitis B-Carrier Clinics"of Chang Gung Memorial Hospital has been using alpha-fetop...Aim:Chronic persistent hepatitis B virus carriers are generally asymptomatic until the advanced stage of the disease.The"Hepatitis B-Carrier Clinics"of Chang Gung Memorial Hospital has been using alpha-fetoprotein(AFP)and liver ultrasound for early detection of hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)in hepatitis B surface antigen(HBsAg)carriers since 1980.Methods:We evaluated the results of surveillance between 1980 and 2012 by collecting clinic data,matched cancer registry status,and national mortality database status.Results:Of 15,235 HBsAg carriers,238 instances of HCC(1.5%or 156.2/100,000 person-years)were detected over a mean follow-up period of 10.0±7.6 years.There were more men(89.1%)and patients with liver cirrhosis(70.2%)in the HCC group(P<0.001),and both the initial and maximal alanine aminotransferase(ALT)levels were higher in this group(P<0.001).One hundred and thirty cases of HCC(54.6%)were identified during regular follow-up sessions,55(23.1%)were detected after the regular schedule had lapsed("out-of-schedule"),and 53(22.3%)were lost to follow-up completely.The mean tumor size was smaller in the regular group than in the out-of-schedule group(2.72 cm vs.4.59 cm,P<0.001),and the survival rate was higher(43.8%vs.30.9%,P<0.001).Conclusion:The incidence of HCC was relatively low in the HBsAg-Carrier Clinics cohort.Surveillance for early diagnosis of HCC improved the survival of high-risk HBsAg carriers.To ensure cost-effectiveness,we suggest using different screening strategies according to the individual risk of hepatocarcinogenesis.展开更多
基金Research Fund from Science and Technology on Underwater Vehicle Laboratory
文摘The navy and other Department of Defense organizations are increasingly interested in the use of unmanned surface vehicles (USVs) for a variety of missions and applications. The term USV refers to any vehicle that operates on the surface of the water without a crew. USVs have the potential, and in some cases the demonstrated ability, to reduce risk to manned forces, provide the necessary force multiplication to accomplish military missions, perform tasks which manned vehicles cannot, and do so in a way that is affordable for the navy. A survey of USV activities worldwide as well as the general technical challenges of USVs was presented below. A general description of USVs was provided along with their typical applications. The technical challenges of developing a USV include its intelligence level, control, high stability, and developmental cost reduction. Through the joint efforts of researchers around the world, it is believed that the development of USVs will enter a new phase in the near future, as USVs could soon be applied widely both in military and civilian service.
基金This work was supported by the China State Key Basic Research Project (Grant No. 2001CB309405) and the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 49831060 and 6012009).
文摘A fast iterative approach of generalized forward-backward method with the spectrum acceleration algorithm (GFBM/SAA) is developed for solving electromagnetic field integral equation and is applied to numerical simulation of radar surveillance of the ship target in oceanic clutters. Randomly rough surface is realized by the Monte Carlo method using the Pierson-Moskowitz spectrum. Numerical results of bistatic and back-scattering from the ship target and oceanic clutters demonstrate the functional dependencies upon the situation of radar surveillance such as the incidence and observation angles, radar altitude, ship RCS and other oceanic conditions.
文摘This survey was designed to assess the sanitation status of hospitals and the compliance of hospital staff to disinfection strategies within the past 11 years.A total of 199 provincial affiliated tertiary or secondary public hospitals from 2007 to 2017 were investigated and seven critical categories,namely indoor air,work surface,hand hygiene,ultraviolet(UV) irradiation intensity,use of disinfectants,sterilization of medical items,and effects of steam sterilizer,were monitored.The average qualified rates were(94.74±3.54)%(810/855),(97.25±1.65)%(1 876/1 929),(87.57±4.60)%(2 508/2 864),(95.00±4.50)%(1 196/1 259),and(98.76±1.14)%(1 599/1 619) for indoor air,work surface,hand hygiene,UV irradiation intensity,and sterilization of medical items,respectively.In terms of other categories,a few samples were not qualified:3/1 575 for use of disinfectants and 1/243 for effects of steam sterilizer.The hospital disinfection monitoring and supervision program effectively improved the effectiveness of disinfection.Routine monitoring and supervision must be conducted to ensure a safe hospital treatment environment.
基金This research was supported by the grant from Chang Gung Memorial Hospital(CMRPG3E1121 and CIRPG3H0021).
文摘Aim:Chronic persistent hepatitis B virus carriers are generally asymptomatic until the advanced stage of the disease.The"Hepatitis B-Carrier Clinics"of Chang Gung Memorial Hospital has been using alpha-fetoprotein(AFP)and liver ultrasound for early detection of hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)in hepatitis B surface antigen(HBsAg)carriers since 1980.Methods:We evaluated the results of surveillance between 1980 and 2012 by collecting clinic data,matched cancer registry status,and national mortality database status.Results:Of 15,235 HBsAg carriers,238 instances of HCC(1.5%or 156.2/100,000 person-years)were detected over a mean follow-up period of 10.0±7.6 years.There were more men(89.1%)and patients with liver cirrhosis(70.2%)in the HCC group(P<0.001),and both the initial and maximal alanine aminotransferase(ALT)levels were higher in this group(P<0.001).One hundred and thirty cases of HCC(54.6%)were identified during regular follow-up sessions,55(23.1%)were detected after the regular schedule had lapsed("out-of-schedule"),and 53(22.3%)were lost to follow-up completely.The mean tumor size was smaller in the regular group than in the out-of-schedule group(2.72 cm vs.4.59 cm,P<0.001),and the survival rate was higher(43.8%vs.30.9%,P<0.001).Conclusion:The incidence of HCC was relatively low in the HBsAg-Carrier Clinics cohort.Surveillance for early diagnosis of HCC improved the survival of high-risk HBsAg carriers.To ensure cost-effectiveness,we suggest using different screening strategies according to the individual risk of hepatocarcinogenesis.
