Membrane technology is becoming more important for CO,_ separation from natural gas in the new era due to its process simplicity, relative ease of operation and control, compact, and easy to scale up as compared with ...Membrane technology is becoming more important for CO,_ separation from natural gas in the new era due to its process simplicity, relative ease of operation and control, compact, and easy to scale up as compared with conventional processes. Conventional processes such as absorption and adsorption for CO2 separation from natural gas are generally more energy demanding and costly for both operation and maintenance. Polymeric membranes are the current commercial membranes used for CO2 separation from natural gas. However, polymeric membranes possess drawbacks such as low permeability and selectivity, plasticization at high temperatures, as well as insufficient thermal and chemical stability. The shortcomings of commercial polymeric membranes have motivated researchers to opt for other alternatives, especially inorganic membranes due to their higher thermal stability, good chemical resistance to solvents, high mechanical strength and long lifetime. Surface modifications can be utilized in inorganic membranes to further enhance the selectivity, permeability or catalytic activities of the membrane. This paper is to provide a comprehensive review on gas separation, comparing membrane technology with other conventional methods of recovering CO2 from natural gas, challenges of current commercial polymeric membranes and inorganic membranes for CO2 removal and membrane surface modification for improved selectivity.展开更多
目的通过不同的喷丸处理工艺,探索适用于锆合金包壳管的喷丸处理参数。方法对锆合金包壳管采取9种不同的喷丸处理工艺且编号(1—9号),采用XRD残余应力检测技术,对处理后的包壳管试样分别进行轴向和切向的残余应力场测定。结果未喷丸处...目的通过不同的喷丸处理工艺,探索适用于锆合金包壳管的喷丸处理参数。方法对锆合金包壳管采取9种不同的喷丸处理工艺且编号(1—9号),采用XRD残余应力检测技术,对处理后的包壳管试样分别进行轴向和切向的残余应力场测定。结果未喷丸处理的试样表面轴向、切向残余应力分别为-277 MPa和-250 MPa,最大应力在最外表层。喷丸处理试样表面轴向残余压应力比未喷丸处理的大,只有9号工艺对应的表面轴向残余应力比未喷丸的小,这很有可能是因为喷丸强度过大,在表面形成了微裂纹,残余应力得以释放,所以锆合金包壳管的喷丸强度不宜超过0.40 mm A。对于强度较高的5—9号喷丸工艺,喷丸强度达到0.15 mm A以上,包壳管压应力影响层的厚度均超过460μm,几乎达到了喷丸处理后包壳管的整个壁厚。在相同喷丸强度和相同弹丸直径条件下,玻璃丸的表面压应力和最大压应力与不锈钢丸的相近,不锈钢丸处理的压应力影响层比玻璃丸处理的压应力影响层厚约80μm。结论在相同喷丸强度和相同弹丸材料下,改变弹丸直径对锆合金两个方向上的表面残余应力和最大残余应力的大小影响不大;直径较小的弹丸对应轴向最大残余应力的位置更深,直径较大的弹丸对应切向最大残余应力的位置更深。随着锆合金喷丸强度的增加(没有出现过喷),表面两个方向上的残余应力都增加,两个方向上的最大残余应力也有所增加。展开更多
基金supported by the Ministry of Higher Education Malaysia through Long Term Research Grant Scheme (A/C Number 2110226-113-00)
文摘Membrane technology is becoming more important for CO,_ separation from natural gas in the new era due to its process simplicity, relative ease of operation and control, compact, and easy to scale up as compared with conventional processes. Conventional processes such as absorption and adsorption for CO2 separation from natural gas are generally more energy demanding and costly for both operation and maintenance. Polymeric membranes are the current commercial membranes used for CO2 separation from natural gas. However, polymeric membranes possess drawbacks such as low permeability and selectivity, plasticization at high temperatures, as well as insufficient thermal and chemical stability. The shortcomings of commercial polymeric membranes have motivated researchers to opt for other alternatives, especially inorganic membranes due to their higher thermal stability, good chemical resistance to solvents, high mechanical strength and long lifetime. Surface modifications can be utilized in inorganic membranes to further enhance the selectivity, permeability or catalytic activities of the membrane. This paper is to provide a comprehensive review on gas separation, comparing membrane technology with other conventional methods of recovering CO2 from natural gas, challenges of current commercial polymeric membranes and inorganic membranes for CO2 removal and membrane surface modification for improved selectivity.
文摘目的通过不同的喷丸处理工艺,探索适用于锆合金包壳管的喷丸处理参数。方法对锆合金包壳管采取9种不同的喷丸处理工艺且编号(1—9号),采用XRD残余应力检测技术,对处理后的包壳管试样分别进行轴向和切向的残余应力场测定。结果未喷丸处理的试样表面轴向、切向残余应力分别为-277 MPa和-250 MPa,最大应力在最外表层。喷丸处理试样表面轴向残余压应力比未喷丸处理的大,只有9号工艺对应的表面轴向残余应力比未喷丸的小,这很有可能是因为喷丸强度过大,在表面形成了微裂纹,残余应力得以释放,所以锆合金包壳管的喷丸强度不宜超过0.40 mm A。对于强度较高的5—9号喷丸工艺,喷丸强度达到0.15 mm A以上,包壳管压应力影响层的厚度均超过460μm,几乎达到了喷丸处理后包壳管的整个壁厚。在相同喷丸强度和相同弹丸直径条件下,玻璃丸的表面压应力和最大压应力与不锈钢丸的相近,不锈钢丸处理的压应力影响层比玻璃丸处理的压应力影响层厚约80μm。结论在相同喷丸强度和相同弹丸材料下,改变弹丸直径对锆合金两个方向上的表面残余应力和最大残余应力的大小影响不大;直径较小的弹丸对应轴向最大残余应力的位置更深,直径较大的弹丸对应切向最大残余应力的位置更深。随着锆合金喷丸强度的增加(没有出现过喷),表面两个方向上的残余应力都增加,两个方向上的最大残余应力也有所增加。
