The objective of this study was to retrieve daily composite soil moisture by jointly using brightness temperature observations from multiple operating satellites for near real-time application with better coverage and...The objective of this study was to retrieve daily composite soil moisture by jointly using brightness temperature observations from multiple operating satellites for near real-time application with better coverage and higher accuracy.Our approach was to first apply the single-channel brightness radiometric algorithm to estimate soil moisture from the respective brightness temperature observations of the SMAP,SMOS,AMSR2,FY3B,and FY3C satellites on the same day and then produce a daily composite dataset by averaging the individual satellite-retrieved soil moisture.We further evaluated our product,the official soil moisture products of the five satellites,and the ensemble mean (i.e.,arithmetic mean) of the five official satellite soil moisture products against ground observations from two networks in Central Tibet and Anhui Province,China.The results show that our product outperforms the individual released products of the five satellites and their ensemble means in the two validation areas.The root mean square error (RMSE ) values of our product were 0.06 and 0.09 m3/m3 in Central Tibet and Anhui Province,respectively.Relative to the ensemble mean of the five satellite products,our product improves the accuracy by 9.1% and 57.7% in Central Tibet and Anhui Province,respectively.This demonstrates that jointly using brightness temperature observations from multiple satellites to retrieve soil moisture not only improves the spatial coverage of daily observations but also produces better daily composite products.展开更多
The terrestrial hydrological process is an essential but weak link in global/regional climate models. In this paper, the development status, research hotspots and trends in coupled atmosphere-hydrology simulations are...The terrestrial hydrological process is an essential but weak link in global/regional climate models. In this paper, the development status, research hotspots and trends in coupled atmosphere-hydrology simulations are identified through a bibliometric analysis, and the challenges and opportunities in this field are reviewed and summarized. Most climate models adopt the one-dimensional (vertical) land surface parameterization, which does not include a detailed description of basin-scale hydrological processes, particularly the effects of human activities on the underlying surfaces. To understand the interaction mechanism between hydrological processes and climate change, a large number of studies focused on the climate feedback effects of hydrological processes at different spatio-temporal scales, mainly through the coupling of hydrological and climate models. The improvement of the parameterization of hydrological process and the development of large-scale hydrological model in land surface process model lay a foundation for terrestrial hydrological-climate coupling simulation, based on which, the study of terrestrial hydrological-climate coupling is evolving from the traditional unidirectional coupling research to the two-way coupling study of "climate-hydrology" feedback. However, studies of fully coupled atmosphere-hydrology simulations (also called atmosphere-hydrology two-way coupling) are far from mature. The main challenges associated with these studies are: improving the potential mismatch in hydrological models and climate models; improving the stability of coupled systems; developing an effective scale conversion scheme; perfecting the parameterization scheme; evaluating parameter uncertainties; developing effective methodology for model parameter transplanting; and improving the applicability of models and high/super-resolution simulation. Solving these problems and improving simulation accuracy are directions for future hydro-climate coupling simulation research.展开更多
基于淮河流域的地形、岩石地质类型等空间分布特征，对陆面—水文耦合模式CLHMS1.0（Coupled Land Surface？Hydrological Model version 1.0）的河道曼宁糙率系数、水力传导度两个关键参数进行了率定；在此基础上，通过基于CLHMS1.0的...基于淮河流域的地形、岩石地质类型等空间分布特征，对陆面—水文耦合模式CLHMS1.0（Coupled Land Surface？Hydrological Model version 1.0）的河道曼宁糙率系数、水力传导度两个关键参数进行了率定；在此基础上，通过基于CLHMS1.0的多组敏感性试验，分析了河道曼宁糙率系数、水力传导度对CLHMS1.0模拟淮河流域水文过程的影响。研究结果表明，淮河流域上游王家坝子流域曼宁糙率系数的减小，可以显著提高模式对王家坝水文控制站上游模拟的水流流速，减小了模式对王家坝洪峰来临时间模拟偏迟的误差；依据淮河不同子流域的岩石地质类型选定更为合理的水力传导度参数后，模式对淮河流域河道流量等水文过程的模拟更为准确。利用参数率定后的CLHMS1.0对淮河流域1980～1987年逐日水文过程进行了模拟，与观测实况比较结果表明，采用了新的河道曼宁糙率系数和水力传导度参数后，模式对淮河流域逐日水文过程的模拟能力显著提高，且可以更合理地模拟出地表产流和地下水补给对流域河道流量的相对贡献。展开更多
提高植被的水分利用效率(water use efficiency, WUE)可以在一定程度上缓解水资源短缺,如何提高WUE依赖于对生态系统水–碳循环耦合机制的深入理解.以北京森林站为例,基于时变增益模型(times lariant gain model,TVGM)耦合光合作用–气...提高植被的水分利用效率(water use efficiency, WUE)可以在一定程度上缓解水资源短缺,如何提高WUE依赖于对生态系统水–碳循环耦合机制的深入理解.以北京森林站为例,基于时变增益模型(times lariant gain model,TVGM)耦合光合作用–气孔导度模型与双源蒸散发模型,从WUE系数及气孔导度2方面研究水–碳耦合机制.研究结果表明:不考虑水–碳耦合关系导致模拟蒸散发偏高、模拟总初级生产力偏大,气孔导度的增加抑制水分利用效率的提高,其抑制效应随气孔导度的增加趋于平稳;日退耦系数在夏季达到最大,年平均退耦系数为0.1左右.在北京森林站群体水平上,相对于光合速率,蒸腾速率对气孔导度的下降较为敏感,导致WUE随气孔导度的下降而降低.对北京森林站地区水–碳耦合机制的研究,可为其生态系统管理与调控提供依据.展开更多
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant No.2016YFC0402701)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grants No.51879067 and 51579131)+4 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province(Grant No.BK20180022)the Six Talent Peaks Project in Jiangsu Province(Grant No.NY-004)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities of China(Grants No.2018842914 and 2018B04714)the China National Flash Flood Disaster Prevention and Control Project(Grant No.126301001000150068)the Postgraduate Research&Practice Innovation Program of Jiangsu Province(Grant No.KYCX18_0572)
文摘The objective of this study was to retrieve daily composite soil moisture by jointly using brightness temperature observations from multiple operating satellites for near real-time application with better coverage and higher accuracy.Our approach was to first apply the single-channel brightness radiometric algorithm to estimate soil moisture from the respective brightness temperature observations of the SMAP,SMOS,AMSR2,FY3B,and FY3C satellites on the same day and then produce a daily composite dataset by averaging the individual satellite-retrieved soil moisture.We further evaluated our product,the official soil moisture products of the five satellites,and the ensemble mean (i.e.,arithmetic mean) of the five official satellite soil moisture products against ground observations from two networks in Central Tibet and Anhui Province,China.The results show that our product outperforms the individual released products of the five satellites and their ensemble means in the two validation areas.The root mean square error (RMSE ) values of our product were 0.06 and 0.09 m3/m3 in Central Tibet and Anhui Province,respectively.Relative to the ensemble mean of the five satellite products,our product improves the accuracy by 9.1% and 57.7% in Central Tibet and Anhui Province,respectively.This demonstrates that jointly using brightness temperature observations from multiple satellites to retrieve soil moisture not only improves the spatial coverage of daily observations but also produces better daily composite products.
基金National Key R&D Program of China,No.2017YFA0603702National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.41571019,No.41701023,No.41571028China Postdoctoral Science Foundation,No.2017M610867
文摘The terrestrial hydrological process is an essential but weak link in global/regional climate models. In this paper, the development status, research hotspots and trends in coupled atmosphere-hydrology simulations are identified through a bibliometric analysis, and the challenges and opportunities in this field are reviewed and summarized. Most climate models adopt the one-dimensional (vertical) land surface parameterization, which does not include a detailed description of basin-scale hydrological processes, particularly the effects of human activities on the underlying surfaces. To understand the interaction mechanism between hydrological processes and climate change, a large number of studies focused on the climate feedback effects of hydrological processes at different spatio-temporal scales, mainly through the coupling of hydrological and climate models. The improvement of the parameterization of hydrological process and the development of large-scale hydrological model in land surface process model lay a foundation for terrestrial hydrological-climate coupling simulation, based on which, the study of terrestrial hydrological-climate coupling is evolving from the traditional unidirectional coupling research to the two-way coupling study of "climate-hydrology" feedback. However, studies of fully coupled atmosphere-hydrology simulations (also called atmosphere-hydrology two-way coupling) are far from mature. The main challenges associated with these studies are: improving the potential mismatch in hydrological models and climate models; improving the stability of coupled systems; developing an effective scale conversion scheme; perfecting the parameterization scheme; evaluating parameter uncertainties; developing effective methodology for model parameter transplanting; and improving the applicability of models and high/super-resolution simulation. Solving these problems and improving simulation accuracy are directions for future hydro-climate coupling simulation research.
文摘基于淮河流域的地形、岩石地质类型等空间分布特征，对陆面—水文耦合模式CLHMS1.0（Coupled Land Surface？Hydrological Model version 1.0）的河道曼宁糙率系数、水力传导度两个关键参数进行了率定；在此基础上，通过基于CLHMS1.0的多组敏感性试验，分析了河道曼宁糙率系数、水力传导度对CLHMS1.0模拟淮河流域水文过程的影响。研究结果表明，淮河流域上游王家坝子流域曼宁糙率系数的减小，可以显著提高模式对王家坝水文控制站上游模拟的水流流速，减小了模式对王家坝洪峰来临时间模拟偏迟的误差；依据淮河不同子流域的岩石地质类型选定更为合理的水力传导度参数后，模式对淮河流域河道流量等水文过程的模拟更为准确。利用参数率定后的CLHMS1.0对淮河流域1980～1987年逐日水文过程进行了模拟，与观测实况比较结果表明，采用了新的河道曼宁糙率系数和水力传导度参数后，模式对淮河流域逐日水文过程的模拟能力显著提高，且可以更合理地模拟出地表产流和地下水补给对流域河道流量的相对贡献。
文摘提高植被的水分利用效率(water use efficiency, WUE)可以在一定程度上缓解水资源短缺,如何提高WUE依赖于对生态系统水–碳循环耦合机制的深入理解.以北京森林站为例,基于时变增益模型(times lariant gain model,TVGM)耦合光合作用–气孔导度模型与双源蒸散发模型,从WUE系数及气孔导度2方面研究水–碳耦合机制.研究结果表明:不考虑水–碳耦合关系导致模拟蒸散发偏高、模拟总初级生产力偏大,气孔导度的增加抑制水分利用效率的提高,其抑制效应随气孔导度的增加趋于平稳;日退耦系数在夏季达到最大,年平均退耦系数为0.1左右.在北京森林站群体水平上,相对于光合速率,蒸腾速率对气孔导度的下降较为敏感,导致WUE随气孔导度的下降而降低.对北京森林站地区水–碳耦合机制的研究,可为其生态系统管理与调控提供依据.
