Underwater acoustic applications depend critically on the prediction of sound propagation, which can be significantly affected by a rough surface, especially in shallow water. This paper aims to investigate how random...Underwater acoustic applications depend critically on the prediction of sound propagation, which can be significantly affected by a rough surface, especially in shallow water. This paper aims to investigate how randomly fluctuating surface influences transmission loss(TL) in shallow water. The one-dimension wind-wave spectrum, Monterey–Miami parabolic equation(MMPE) model, Monte Carlo method, and parallel computing technology are combined to investigate the effects of different sea states on sound propagation. It is shown that TL distribution properties are related to the wind speed,frequency, range, and sound speed profile. In a homogenous waveguide, with wind speed increasing, the TLs are greater and more dispersive. For a negative thermocline waveguide, when the source is above the thermocline and the receiver is below that, the effects of the rough surface are the same and more significant. When the source and receiver are both below the thermocline, the TL distributions are nearly the same for different wind speeds. The mechanism of the different TL distribution properties in the thermocline environment is explained by using ray theory. In conclusion, the statistical characteristics of TL are affected by the relative roughness of the surface, the interaction strength of the sound field with the surface, and the changes of propagating angle due to refraction.展开更多
The influences of casting speed variation on surface fluctuation of the molten steel in mold during continuous casting were investigated with numerical simulation method.It was found that when the casting speed was ev...The influences of casting speed variation on surface fluctuation of the molten steel in mold during continuous casting were investigated with numerical simulation method.It was found that when the casting speed was evenly decreased from 1.4 m·min-1 to 0.6 m·min-1,the increase of the surface fluctuation of the molten steel in mold was observed only on time that was at the start of casting speed change.While,in experiment of increasing casting speed evenly from 0.6 m·min-1 to 1.4 m·min-1,the increase of the surface fluctuation of the molten steel in mold was observed only at the time when the casting speed was stopped to increase after it had been increased to 1.4 m·min-1.For surface fluctuation of the molten steel in mold which was produced during the casting speed evenly increasing or decreasing period and at the time when increasing or decreasing the casting speed at low casting speed level（0.6 m·min-1）,the influence of casting speed change is very small.In addition,it is found that,at high casting speed level（1.4 m·min-1）,even a little change of casting speed could result in remarkable increase of the surface fluctuation.Thus,at high casting speed,changing casting speed should be avoided or much slower speed changing rate should be used.展开更多
A method of suppressing the multimodal size distribution of InAs/GaAs quantum dots(QDs) using molecular beam epitaxy through flattening the substrate surface is reported in this work.It is found that the surface rough...A method of suppressing the multimodal size distribution of InAs/GaAs quantum dots(QDs) using molecular beam epitaxy through flattening the substrate surface is reported in this work.It is found that the surface roughness plays an important role in the growth of QDs through continuous surface evolution(SEQDs).SEQDs are the main components of small QD ensemble in QDs with multimodal size distribution.It is suggested that most of the SEQDs are very likely to nucleate during the growth interruption rather than during the deposition.The growth of QDs on a smoother surface has largely reduced the density of SEQDs.The photoluminescence line width of uniform QDs is found to be only 17 meV at a low temperature.展开更多
利用谱元算法数值模拟了不同地表起伏模型下的补偿线性矢量偶极(Compensated Linear Vector Dipole,CLVD)源Rg波低谷点的特征及相应的震源深度.结果表明,源区地表存在一定起伏情况下,Rg波低谷点依然存在,低谷点位置反映了源区地表起伏...利用谱元算法数值模拟了不同地表起伏模型下的补偿线性矢量偶极(Compensated Linear Vector Dipole,CLVD)源Rg波低谷点的特征及相应的震源深度.结果表明,源区地表存在一定起伏情况下,Rg波低谷点依然存在,低谷点位置反映了源区地表起伏的信息,但与理论值仍有一定偏差.Rg波低谷点受远区地表起伏影响较小.展开更多
激光熔化沉积工艺中有连续波(continuous-wave,CW)和脉冲波(pulse-wave,PW)两种激光模式.基于Fluent针对熔池瞬态运动和传热传质建立了三维对称数值模型,通过求解VOF(volume of fluid)连续方程追踪沉积层自由表面,分析了不同激光工作模...激光熔化沉积工艺中有连续波(continuous-wave,CW)和脉冲波(pulse-wave,PW)两种激光模式.基于Fluent针对熔池瞬态运动和传热传质建立了三维对称数值模型,通过求解VOF(volume of fluid)连续方程追踪沉积层自由表面,分析了不同激光工作模式下熔池的演变过程及上表面波动规律,对熔池尺寸及最大流速、最高温度进行了对比.结果表明:所得模拟结果和实验结果吻合良好.两种激光模式下熔池上表面中部都会经历凹陷-凸起的波动过程,CW模式熔池内部流速变化相比PW模式平稳,后期熔池内部流动呈准稳态,而PW模式下会重复经历熔池形成过程.PW模式下熔池内部最大流速、最高温度呈周期性变化;同时脉冲激光增大了熔池上表面的波动,其上表面波动幅度接近CW模式的1.8倍,而熔池的较大波动可以较好地平衡未熔化的熔渣颗粒.展开更多
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.11434012,11874061,and 41561144006)
文摘Underwater acoustic applications depend critically on the prediction of sound propagation, which can be significantly affected by a rough surface, especially in shallow water. This paper aims to investigate how randomly fluctuating surface influences transmission loss(TL) in shallow water. The one-dimension wind-wave spectrum, Monterey–Miami parabolic equation(MMPE) model, Monte Carlo method, and parallel computing technology are combined to investigate the effects of different sea states on sound propagation. It is shown that TL distribution properties are related to the wind speed,frequency, range, and sound speed profile. In a homogenous waveguide, with wind speed increasing, the TLs are greater and more dispersive. For a negative thermocline waveguide, when the source is above the thermocline and the receiver is below that, the effects of the rough surface are the same and more significant. When the source and receiver are both below the thermocline, the TL distributions are nearly the same for different wind speeds. The mechanism of the different TL distribution properties in the thermocline environment is explained by using ray theory. In conclusion, the statistical characteristics of TL are affected by the relative roughness of the surface, the interaction strength of the sound field with the surface, and the changes of propagating angle due to refraction.
文摘The influences of casting speed variation on surface fluctuation of the molten steel in mold during continuous casting were investigated with numerical simulation method.It was found that when the casting speed was evenly decreased from 1.4 m·min-1 to 0.6 m·min-1,the increase of the surface fluctuation of the molten steel in mold was observed only on time that was at the start of casting speed change.While,in experiment of increasing casting speed evenly from 0.6 m·min-1 to 1.4 m·min-1,the increase of the surface fluctuation of the molten steel in mold was observed only at the time when the casting speed was stopped to increase after it had been increased to 1.4 m·min-1.For surface fluctuation of the molten steel in mold which was produced during the casting speed evenly increasing or decreasing period and at the time when increasing or decreasing the casting speed at low casting speed level（0.6 m·min-1）,the influence of casting speed change is very small.In addition,it is found that,at high casting speed level（1.4 m·min-1）,even a little change of casting speed could result in remarkable increase of the surface fluctuation.Thus,at high casting speed,changing casting speed should be avoided or much slower speed changing rate should be used.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 50572120 and 50972032)the National High Technology Research and Development Program of China (Grant Nos. 2009AA033101 and 2009AA03Z407)the National Basic Research Program of China (Grant No. 2010CB327501)
文摘A method of suppressing the multimodal size distribution of InAs/GaAs quantum dots(QDs) using molecular beam epitaxy through flattening the substrate surface is reported in this work.It is found that the surface roughness plays an important role in the growth of QDs through continuous surface evolution(SEQDs).SEQDs are the main components of small QD ensemble in QDs with multimodal size distribution.It is suggested that most of the SEQDs are very likely to nucleate during the growth interruption rather than during the deposition.The growth of QDs on a smoother surface has largely reduced the density of SEQDs.The photoluminescence line width of uniform QDs is found to be only 17 meV at a low temperature.
文摘利用谱元算法数值模拟了不同地表起伏模型下的补偿线性矢量偶极(Compensated Linear Vector Dipole,CLVD)源Rg波低谷点的特征及相应的震源深度.结果表明,源区地表存在一定起伏情况下,Rg波低谷点依然存在,低谷点位置反映了源区地表起伏的信息,但与理论值仍有一定偏差.Rg波低谷点受远区地表起伏影响较小.
文摘激光熔化沉积工艺中有连续波(continuous-wave,CW)和脉冲波(pulse-wave,PW)两种激光模式.基于Fluent针对熔池瞬态运动和传热传质建立了三维对称数值模型,通过求解VOF(volume of fluid)连续方程追踪沉积层自由表面,分析了不同激光工作模式下熔池的演变过程及上表面波动规律,对熔池尺寸及最大流速、最高温度进行了对比.结果表明:所得模拟结果和实验结果吻合良好.两种激光模式下熔池上表面中部都会经历凹陷-凸起的波动过程,CW模式熔池内部流速变化相比PW模式平稳,后期熔池内部流动呈准稳态,而PW模式下会重复经历熔池形成过程.PW模式下熔池内部最大流速、最高温度呈周期性变化;同时脉冲激光增大了熔池上表面的波动,其上表面波动幅度接近CW模式的1.8倍,而熔池的较大波动可以较好地平衡未熔化的熔渣颗粒.
