目的探讨Supreme喉罩和Flexible喉罩不同通气罩内压对气道漏气压的影响。方法择期全麻乳腺手术患者,根据插入喉罩种类不同分为Supreme组(35例)和Flexible组(33例)。常规静脉麻醉诱导后由同一麻醉科医师插入Supreme或Flexible喉罩,确认...目的探讨Supreme喉罩和Flexible喉罩不同通气罩内压对气道漏气压的影响。方法择期全麻乳腺手术患者,根据插入喉罩种类不同分为Supreme组(35例)和Flexible组(33例)。常规静脉麻醉诱导后由同一麻醉科医师插入Supreme或Flexible喉罩,确认位置良好,调整通气罩压力。分别记录通气罩压力为10、20、30、40、50 cm H2O(1 cm H2O=0.098 k Pa)时,两种喉罩的气道漏气压值。结果 Supreme组通气罩内压力20、30、40、50 cm H2O时,所对应的气道漏气压差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),但均显著高于10 cm H2O时气道漏气压(P<0.05);Flexible组通气罩内压力为30、40、50 cm H2O时,所对应的气道漏气压差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),但高于10、20 cm H2O时气道漏气压(P<0.05)。Supreme组患者的整体平均气道漏气压(25.40±5.52)cm H2O明显高于Flexible组的(20.67±3.06)cm H2O(P<0.05)。结论 Supreme喉罩的平均气道漏气压高于Flexible喉罩,达到最大平均气道漏气压时,Supreme喉罩所需的通气罩内压(20 cm H2O)低于Flexible喉罩(30 cm H2O)。展开更多
Wallace Stevens is a distinguished American modern poet.He come up with the idea of Supreme Fiction,in which he holds poetry as the union of reality and imagination,brings power,order,and wisdom to the world,which fea...Wallace Stevens is a distinguished American modern poet.He come up with the idea of Supreme Fiction,in which he holds poetry as the union of reality and imagination,brings power,order,and wisdom to the world,which features his work with philosophy and poetic wisdom.Stevens's perspectives on poetry writing and the needs of spiritual enrichment share some similarities with Friedrich Nietzsche on art and aesthetics-Art is the final form of sublimation of the souls of human beings.展开更多
The Judicial Yuan, a model of supreme judicial organization peculiar to China＇s recent history, was one of the outcomes of several decades of evolution from the legal reform in the late Qing dynasty to the passage of...The Judicial Yuan, a model of supreme judicial organization peculiar to China＇s recent history, was one of the outcomes of several decades of evolution from the legal reform in the late Qing dynasty to the passage of Constitution of the Republic of China （ROC） in 1947. Its predecessor, the Dali Yuan established in 1906 by the Qing government, not only had the supreme judicial power and the power of abstract interpretation, but also enjoyed the power of interior administration independently from the outset. The Judicial Yuan, established in 1928, inherited the judicial administrative power of Dali Yuan and further expanded it. The Judicial Yuan also inherited Dali Yuan＇s power to unify the interpretation of law and regulations, and expanded the power of abstract normal control （Normenkontrolle） to constitutional interpretation. The Council of the Grand Justices of the Judicial Yuan had developed the paradigm of constitutional court and shared similarities with the Federal Constitutional Court of Germany. It is safe to conclude that even before the promulgation of the Constitution of the ROC, the Judicial Yuan was fairly well-developed in institutional terms. The key characters of the ROC Judicial Yuan include the special arrangement of judicial administration, a centralized judicial review by the Council of the Grand Justices and a diverse judicial trial mode.展开更多
目的研究避免喉罩通气罩过度充气的两种培训方法的有效性。方法将41名麻醉医生采用随机数字表法分为手感判断组(H组,n=20)和短期压力表学习组(G组,n=21)。培训前两组受试者对Supreme喉罩进行充气,目标压力为30 cm H2O和60 cm H2O,由研...目的研究避免喉罩通气罩过度充气的两种培训方法的有效性。方法将41名麻醉医生采用随机数字表法分为手感判断组(H组,n=20)和短期压力表学习组(G组,n=21)。培训前两组受试者对Supreme喉罩进行充气,目标压力为30 cm H2O和60 cm H2O,由研究者用压力表测定通气罩的实测压。H组接受手感判断法培训,左手无名指分别轻触并体会唇红和鼻尖的软硬度,套囊软硬度与唇红相当定义为30 cm H2O,与鼻尖相当定义为60 cm H2O。G组采用压力表对套囊进行充气,体会通气罩压力分别为30 cm H2O和60 cm H2O时套囊的软硬程度。培训1周后再次进行喉罩充气试验并记录培训后通气罩实测压。比较两组受试者培训前后通气罩实测压之间的差异。结果通气罩目标压力为30 cm H2O时,两组培训后实测压均显著低于培训前[H组:(39.7±15.7)cm H2O比(59.7±30.7)cm H2O,P=0.00;G组:(26.2±13.2)cm H2O比(70.6±27.9)cm H2O,P=0.03],组间差异无统计学意义(P=0.60);目标压力为60 cm H2O时,H组实测压显著高于G组[(91.1±24.3)cm H2O比(58.1±15.4)cm H2O,P=0.01)]。结论通气罩目标压力为30 cm H2O时,两种培训方法均可显著改善受试者的喉罩充气效果。目标压力为60 cm H2O时,短期压力表培训效果优于手感判断法培训。展开更多
文摘目的探讨Supreme喉罩和Flexible喉罩不同通气罩内压对气道漏气压的影响。方法择期全麻乳腺手术患者,根据插入喉罩种类不同分为Supreme组(35例)和Flexible组(33例)。常规静脉麻醉诱导后由同一麻醉科医师插入Supreme或Flexible喉罩,确认位置良好,调整通气罩压力。分别记录通气罩压力为10、20、30、40、50 cm H2O(1 cm H2O=0.098 k Pa)时,两种喉罩的气道漏气压值。结果 Supreme组通气罩内压力20、30、40、50 cm H2O时,所对应的气道漏气压差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),但均显著高于10 cm H2O时气道漏气压(P<0.05);Flexible组通气罩内压力为30、40、50 cm H2O时,所对应的气道漏气压差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),但高于10、20 cm H2O时气道漏气压(P<0.05)。Supreme组患者的整体平均气道漏气压(25.40±5.52)cm H2O明显高于Flexible组的(20.67±3.06)cm H2O(P<0.05)。结论 Supreme喉罩的平均气道漏气压高于Flexible喉罩,达到最大平均气道漏气压时,Supreme喉罩所需的通气罩内压(20 cm H2O)低于Flexible喉罩(30 cm H2O)。
文摘Wallace Stevens is a distinguished American modern poet.He come up with the idea of Supreme Fiction,in which he holds poetry as the union of reality and imagination,brings power,order,and wisdom to the world,which features his work with philosophy and poetic wisdom.Stevens's perspectives on poetry writing and the needs of spiritual enrichment share some similarities with Friedrich Nietzsche on art and aesthetics-Art is the final form of sublimation of the souls of human beings.
文摘The Judicial Yuan, a model of supreme judicial organization peculiar to China＇s recent history, was one of the outcomes of several decades of evolution from the legal reform in the late Qing dynasty to the passage of Constitution of the Republic of China （ROC） in 1947. Its predecessor, the Dali Yuan established in 1906 by the Qing government, not only had the supreme judicial power and the power of abstract interpretation, but also enjoyed the power of interior administration independently from the outset. The Judicial Yuan, established in 1928, inherited the judicial administrative power of Dali Yuan and further expanded it. The Judicial Yuan also inherited Dali Yuan＇s power to unify the interpretation of law and regulations, and expanded the power of abstract normal control （Normenkontrolle） to constitutional interpretation. The Council of the Grand Justices of the Judicial Yuan had developed the paradigm of constitutional court and shared similarities with the Federal Constitutional Court of Germany. It is safe to conclude that even before the promulgation of the Constitution of the ROC, the Judicial Yuan was fairly well-developed in institutional terms. The key characters of the ROC Judicial Yuan include the special arrangement of judicial administration, a centralized judicial review by the Council of the Grand Justices and a diverse judicial trial mode.
文摘目的研究避免喉罩通气罩过度充气的两种培训方法的有效性。方法将41名麻醉医生采用随机数字表法分为手感判断组(H组,n=20)和短期压力表学习组(G组,n=21)。培训前两组受试者对Supreme喉罩进行充气,目标压力为30 cm H2O和60 cm H2O,由研究者用压力表测定通气罩的实测压。H组接受手感判断法培训,左手无名指分别轻触并体会唇红和鼻尖的软硬度,套囊软硬度与唇红相当定义为30 cm H2O,与鼻尖相当定义为60 cm H2O。G组采用压力表对套囊进行充气,体会通气罩压力分别为30 cm H2O和60 cm H2O时套囊的软硬程度。培训1周后再次进行喉罩充气试验并记录培训后通气罩实测压。比较两组受试者培训前后通气罩实测压之间的差异。结果通气罩目标压力为30 cm H2O时,两组培训后实测压均显著低于培训前[H组:(39.7±15.7)cm H2O比(59.7±30.7)cm H2O,P=0.00;G组:(26.2±13.2)cm H2O比(70.6±27.9)cm H2O,P=0.03],组间差异无统计学意义(P=0.60);目标压力为60 cm H2O时,H组实测压显著高于G组[(91.1±24.3)cm H2O比(58.1±15.4)cm H2O,P=0.01)]。结论通气罩目标压力为30 cm H2O时,两种培训方法均可显著改善受试者的喉罩充气效果。目标压力为60 cm H2O时,短期压力表培训效果优于手感判断法培训。
