Fusion energy is considered to be the ultimate energy source, which does not contribute to climate change compared with conventional fossil fuel. It is massive compared with unconventional renewable energy and demonst...Fusion energy is considered to be the ultimate energy source, which does not contribute to climate change compared with conventional fossil fuel. It is massive compared with unconventional renewable energy and demonstrates fewer safety features compared with unconventional fission energy. During the past several decades, never-ceasing efforts have been made to peacefully utilize the fusion energy in various approaches, especially inertial confinement and magnetic confinement. In this paper, the main developments of magnetic confinement fusion with emphasis on confinement systems as well as challenges of materials related to superconducting magnet and plasmafacing components are reviewed. The scientific feasibility of magnetic confinement fusion has been demonstrated in JET, TFTR, JT-60, and EAST, which instigates the construction of the International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor （ITER）. A fusion roadmap to DEMO and commercial fusion power plant has been established and steady progresses have been made to achieve the ultimate energy source.展开更多
[目的]磁约束核聚变是解决能源问题的有效途径之一。为了实现准稳态运行,超导磁体(特别是高场高温超导磁体)已成为未来托卡马克设计的首选方案。[方法]介绍了EAST的最新实验进展及未来研究计划,并从超导磁体技术方面总结了未来聚变装置C...[目的]磁约束核聚变是解决能源问题的有效途径之一。为了实现准稳态运行,超导磁体(特别是高场高温超导磁体)已成为未来托卡马克设计的首选方案。[方法]介绍了EAST的最新实验进展及未来研究计划,并从超导磁体技术方面总结了未来聚变装置CFETR的最新进展。[结果]2021年底,世界首个全超导托卡马克EAST(Experimental Advanced Superconducting Tokamak)成功实现1 056 s长脉冲高参数等离子体运行,创造最长运行时间的世界记录。[结论]中国聚变工程试验堆(CFETR, China Fusion Engineering Test Reactor)的设计已经完成,它将填补国际热核聚变实验堆(ITER, International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor)和示范堆(DEMO)间的空白。展开更多
基金This work was financially supported by the State Key Laboratory of Technologies in Space Cryogenic Propellants （Grant No. SKLTSCPQN201501）, the National Magnetic Confinement Fusion Science Program （Grant No. 2015GB121001）, and the National Natural Science Foundation of China （Grant Nos. 51427806, 51401224, and 51577185）.
文摘Fusion energy is considered to be the ultimate energy source, which does not contribute to climate change compared with conventional fossil fuel. It is massive compared with unconventional renewable energy and demonstrates fewer safety features compared with unconventional fission energy. During the past several decades, never-ceasing efforts have been made to peacefully utilize the fusion energy in various approaches, especially inertial confinement and magnetic confinement. In this paper, the main developments of magnetic confinement fusion with emphasis on confinement systems as well as challenges of materials related to superconducting magnet and plasmafacing components are reviewed. The scientific feasibility of magnetic confinement fusion has been demonstrated in JET, TFTR, JT-60, and EAST, which instigates the construction of the International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor （ITER）. A fusion roadmap to DEMO and commercial fusion power plant has been established and steady progresses have been made to achieve the ultimate energy source.
文摘[目的]磁约束核聚变是解决能源问题的有效途径之一。为了实现准稳态运行,超导磁体(特别是高场高温超导磁体)已成为未来托卡马克设计的首选方案。[方法]介绍了EAST的最新实验进展及未来研究计划,并从超导磁体技术方面总结了未来聚变装置CFETR的最新进展。[结果]2021年底,世界首个全超导托卡马克EAST(Experimental Advanced Superconducting Tokamak)成功实现1 056 s长脉冲高参数等离子体运行,创造最长运行时间的世界记录。[结论]中国聚变工程试验堆(CFETR, China Fusion Engineering Test Reactor)的设计已经完成,它将填补国际热核聚变实验堆(ITER, International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor)和示范堆(DEMO)间的空白。
